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Pp-wave spacetime

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The pp-wave metrics describe various types of gravitational waves and are given by:

d s 2 = H ( u , x , y ) d u 2 + 2 d u d v + d x 2 + d y 2 {\displaystyle ds^{2}=H(u,x,y)du^{2}+2dudv+dx^{2}+dy^{2}}

where H {\displaystyle H} is a function of at most 3 variables. An important class of pp-waves are the plane gravitational waves and are obtained by choosing

H ( u , x , y ) = a ( u ) x 2 + b ( u ) y 2 + c ( u ) x y {\displaystyle H(u,x,y)=a(u)x^{2}+b(u)y^{2}+c(u)xy}

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