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The word muffin is given to two types of breadstuffs, one a yeast-leavened item, and the other a "quick" bread raised with baking powder or baking soda.

The yeast-raised muffin is the oldest version, appearing in Britain as a word derived from the French moufflet, around the 11th century A.D. The other type is an American development from the 19th century.

The British version, celebrated in the nursery rhyme about the muffin man, is predecessor to what is known in American English as the English muffin. It is a thick, flat bun, typically about eight centimetres in diameter. This muffin is usually split into two, toasted and buttered, and bears resemblance to the crumpet or pikelet.

American muffins may have started out as a form of small tea cake, or possibly an adaptation of cornbread. Early versions of these muffins tend to be less sweet and much less varied in ingredients than their contemporary forms. Made quickly and easily, they were useful as a breakfast food. They also rapidly grew stale, which prevented them from being a marketable baked good, and they were not seen much outside home kitchens until the mid-20th century. Varieties tended to be limited to different grains – corn, wheat bran, oatmeal – and a few readily available additives – raisins, apples in some form, or nuts.

Orange Choc-Chip Muffins

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• 400g self-raising flour
• 60g butter
• 120g sugar
• 12cL cup milk choc. bits
• 12cL cup white choc. bits
• 2 eggs, beaten lightly
• 12cL cup milk
• 12cL cup orange juice
• 15mL orange rind

Preheat oven to 220ºC. Sift flour onto bowl, rub in butter. Add sugar, milk choc. bits and white choc. bits, eggs, milk, orange juice and orange rind. Mix well. Spoon heaped tablespoons of mixture into greased muffin pans. Bake for 15-20 minutes until cooked when tasted. Makes 12.

See also

• Blueberry muffin

State Muffins

Several states of the United States have a state muffin:

• Minnesota- blueberry muffin
• Massachusetts- corn muffin
• New York- apple muffin

• Desserts
• Breakfast foods