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The domestic pig (Sus scrofa) has been a domesticated animal for approximately 5,000 to 7,000 years. The animal is found across Europe, the Middle East and extends into Asia as far as Indonesia and Japan. The distinction between wild and domestic animals is slight, the wild animals are usually referred to as boars.
Sus scrofa has four subspecies, each occupying distinct geographical areas. They are Sus scrofa scrofa (western Africa, Europe), Sus scrofa ussuricus (northern Asia and Japan), Sus scrofa cristatus (Asia Minor, India), and Sus scrofa vittatus (Indonesia).
Many different words in English identify different types of pig:
- adult male pigs are called boars
- adult females are called sows
- juvenile animals are called piglets and farrows
- young pigs between 100-180 pounds are called shoats
- a gilt is an immature female pig
- a barrow is a castrated male pig
- hog is used as a synonym of pig in the United States; in its originally sense it means a castrated boar.
- swine is a plural noun meaning pigs
| Sow with piglet thumbnail |
| Larger sow with piglet |
Pigs (or swine) that are allowed to forage may be watched by swineherds. A litter of piglets typically contains between 10 and 12 animals. Meat from pigs is called pork in general and ham, bacon or bologna in some cases. Their trotters are often sold as the jelly-like dish of pig's feet. Hog jowls are a popular soul food. Both Islam and Orthodox Judaism forbid the eating of pork in any form. The American pig-raising industry calls pork a white meat, as opposed to beef; "white meat" (such as poultry) is often considered healthier than "red meat."
While pigs are raised mostly for meat, their skin is used as a source of leather. Their bristly hairs are also traditionally used for brushes.
Pigs, like humans, are omnivores, making them easy to raise: on a small farm or in a large household they can be fed kitchen scraps as part or all of their diet.
Pigs are the only mammal not to have sweat glands.
Miscellaneous
The pig is one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. Believers in Chinese astrology associate each animal with certain personality traits.
Zhu Bajie is a famous monster pig in a Chinese fiction Journey to the West.
Pig is considered to be dirty in Islam. Hence Muslims never eat pork. Pigs are not halal.
Pigs are commonly associated with greed and with dirt; the latter probably comes from their habit of wallowing in mud.
