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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Jitse Niesen (talk | contribs) at 21:43, 21 June 2005 (remove Category:Numerical analysis - is this matrix used in NA? article doesn't talk about it). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

In systems theory and linear algebra, a Gramian matrix is a real symmetric matrix that can be used to test for linear independence of functions. The Gramian matrix of a set of functions ${\displaystyle \{l_{i}(\cdot ),\,i=1,\dots ,n\}}$ is defined as

${\displaystyle G=,\,\,G_{ij}=\int _{t_{0}}^{t_{f}}l_{i}(\tau )l_{j}(\tau )\,d\tau }$

If the functions are linearly independent, then ${\displaystyle G}$ is nonsingular. Its determinant is known as the Gram determinant.

In fact this is a special case of a quantitative measure of linear independence of vectors, available in any Hilbert space.

• Systems theory
• Matrices