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Revision as of 04:15, 30 July 2005 by 203.164.50.36 (talk) (→Other ethnicities)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Ethnic group| File:Ifugaoman.jpgPresident AquinoJosé Rizal, the Philippine national hero Mangyan girlGary ValencianoTboli Woman From left to right: Ifugao man, former President Corazon Aquino, National Hero José Rizal, a Mangyan girl, singer Gary Valenciano, Tboli woman. | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Philippines: 87,857,473 (2005) United States: an estimated 3 million | |
| Languages | |
| Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Bikol, Waray-Waray, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tausug, many others | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Roman Catholic, significantMuslim minority, and others. | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Indonesians, Malaysians, Polynesians, others. |
The Filipinos or the Filipino people are the ethnic group related to the country of the Republic of the Philippines in Southeast Asia.
History
Main article: History of the PhilippinesAmerican anthropologist H. Otley Beyer was the first to propose that Malays who came from Malaysia populated the Philippines in a handful of waves of migration. However, according to contemporary research by anthropologists, linguists (Blust, Reid, Ross, Pawley), and archaeologists (Bellwood), the vast majority of Filipinos are descended from people who spoke Austronesian languages. They migrated to the what is now the Philippines from southern China via Taiwan thousands of years ago. There are also various Negrito groups whose ancestors are believed to have migrated much earlier than the Austronesian-speaking migrants.
Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards in 1521, the Philippines was not united under a single nation. The inhabitants were divided into separate tribes or nations usually based on their respective ethnolinguistic groups.
By the mid-to-late 16th century, the archipelago was refered to as Filipinas (Philippines) in honor of King Philip II of Spain.
During the over three centuries of Spanish rule, the term Filipino usually refered to Spaniards who were born in the archipelago. Indigenous Filipinos were usually refered to as indios (Indian).
By the time the United States colonized the country in 1898, the indigenous population came to be known as Filipinos. However, the term indio was still being used well into the early part of the 20th century, as evidenced by Roman Catholic baptismal records.
Religion and culture
Main article: Culture of the PhilippinesFilipino culture is primarly based on the various ethnic groups. However, Spanish culture has had a great influence in the Philippines. The most notable of which was the introduction of Roman Catholicism which 80% of the population practices.
There are many celebrations which are usually rooted in Catholicism. For example, there is an annual Peñafrancia festival in the Bicol region. This is based on Our Lady of Peñafrancia. Residents of the villages of Guadalupe Viejo and Guadalupe Nuevo in Makati City celebrate Our Lady of Guadalupe.
A significant minority of Filipinos concentrated in Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago are adherents of Islam.
Filipino - Spanish descent
Filipino mestizos mixed with Spanish and Mexican ancestry number to only (1.5%). There is also thousands of unmixed Spanish, Mexican and Colombians expatriate populations living the country. Most are found around the country, particularly in the province and cities of Cebu, Zamboanga and Manila.
Other ethnicities
The non-native peoples and ethnic immigrants to the Philippine archipelago are: the Chinese, American, East Indians, Italians, Arabs, Japanese, Koreans, Vietnamese and Australian peoples.
Language
Main article: Languages of the PhilippinesAccording to Ethnologue, there are more than 170 languages spoken in the country. The most-widely spoken of which is Tagalog. It is taught in schools throughout the country under the name Filipino.
Other languages spoken are Cebuano, Ilokano, and Hiliyganon.
Diaspora
Filipinos in North America
Main article: Filipino AmericanAs part of the Spanish empire, Filipinos crewed ships sailing between the far-flung New World possessions of the Spanish Habsburgs and their Bourbon successors, including California, Florida, and Louisiana.
Filipinos have been immigrating to the United States since the early 1900's. In 1903, pensionados arrived in the Philippines to study in colleges and universites. Starting in 1906, Filipinos came to Hawaii, Alaska, California, and Washington to work on sugarcane plantations, farms, lumber, and salmon canneries.
Filipino immigration dramatically increased after Congress passed the Immigration and Nationality Act in 1965.
The US Military also played a significant role in bringing Filipinos to the United States. Filipinos were able to enlist into either the United States Navy at Subic Bay Naval Base and the United States Air Force at Clark Air Base in the Philippines. Additionally, many American soldiers married Filipinos and brought them to the United States.
References
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