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Revision as of 10:50, 15 April 2008 by 58.161.41.244 (talk)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)- REDIRECT ]For other uses, see Paper (disambiguation).
Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon or packaging. It is produced by the amalgamation of fibers, typically vegetable fibers composed of cellulose, which are subsequently held together by hydrogen bonding. While the fibers are usually natural in origin, a wide variety of synthetic fibers, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, may be incorporated into paper as a way of imparting desirable and Paper Making</ref> Called amatl, it was in inner bark of trees, until the material becomes suitable for art and writing.
These materials are made from pounded reeds and bark and is technically not true paper, which is made from pulp, rags, and fibers of plants and cellulose.
Paper honeycomb, used as a core material in composite materials, paper engineering, construction paper and clothing
- Other uses: emery paper, sandpaper, blotting paper, litmus paper, [[universal
The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m (16 lb/ft) for tissue paper to 1500 kg/m (94 lb/ft) for some speciality paper. Printing paper is about 800 kg/m (50 lb/ft).
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The future of paper
Some manufacturers, notably AMD, have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging made out of paper, known commercially as paperfoam. The packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be recycled with ordinary paper.
With increasing environmental concerns about synthetic coatings (such as PFOA) and the higher prices of hydrocarbon based petrochemicals, there is a focus on zein (corn protein) as a coating for paper in high grease applications such as popcorn bags.
Besides paperfoam, paper made from rocks rather than trees is also emerging as a more ecological alternative to regular paper made from trees or other alternatives as paperfoam. This Rock paper is available from companies as ViaStone and John Su.
Invisible paper is being developed by Gaskell Industries Ltd., to be used as a substitute to more visible alternatives.
Also, synthetics such as Tyvek and Teslin have been introduced as printing media as a more durable material than paper.
References and Notes
- "Density of paper and paperboard". PaperOnWeb. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
- Rock paper emerging as ecological alternative
- John Su distributing rock paper
- ViaStone distributing rock paper
- Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemicals and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Paper and Printing. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985. (also published in Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd., 1986.)
- also referred to as:
- Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin, '"Paper and Printing," vol. 5 part 1 of Needham, Joseph Science and Civilization in China:. Cambridge University Press, 1986. ISBN 0521086906. (also published in Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd., 1986.)
- "Document Doubles" in Detecting the Truth: Fakes, Forgeries and Trickery, a virtual museum exhibition at Library and Archives Canada
See also
External links
- TAPPI Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
- How is paper made? at The Straight Dope, 22 November 2005
- How Paper Is Made
- United States Government Printing Office: Government Paper Specification Standards
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