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Petro Ivanovych Kalnyshevsky (Template:Lang-uk) (1690 – 31 October 1803) was the last Kosh otaman of the Zaporozhian Host in 1762 and in 1765–1775 years period. Kalnyshevsky took part in Russo-Turkish war of 1768-1774 and was honored with a gold medal with brilliants for courage.
Being a head of the Zaporozhian Host Petro Kalnyshevsky defended the rights of cossacks and their independence from increasing Imperial Russian Tsarist influence, encouraged agriculture development and trade in the Zaporizhian steppe.
After the destruction of Zaporizhian Sich by Russian troops, Petro Kalnyshevsky was arrested and deported to the Solovetsky Monastery, where he spent over 26 years in solitary confinement in a cold and dark cell (1 m wide, 2 m long). Three times a year he was allowed outside to breathe the open air.
He was pardoned by Emperor Alexander at the age of 110 years. Kalnyshevsky by that time had become blind and decided to remain in the monastery, where he died 2 years later in 1803.
Early life
Petro Kalnyshevsky's early life largely remains unknown and is surrounded by folk-tales and myths. According to one of them one day an eight years-old orphaned Petro Kalnysh tending livestock was picked up by passing Cossacks on their way to the Zaporozhian Sich. Modern research, however, contradicts that verstion and points out that he was born in 1691 in the Village of Pustovoitivka (present-day Sumy oblast, Ukraine) and stemmed from the Cossack petty gentry — sotnyk starshyna. His relatives active in administration of the Cossack Hetmanate in Poltava regiment were already known in the Zaporozhian Sich, so it was natural that he ended up in that Cossack host too.
In the Sich
Arrest and exile
Legacy
See also
Literature
- Oral Narrative of Former Zaporozhian, Dweller of Ekaterinoslav Governorate and District, of the village Mykhailivka — Mykyta Leontiyovych Korzh. Recorded by Gavriil Rozanov. Odessa. 1842.
References
- Anatoly Dilanian The last of the Kosh Otamans Zerkalo Nedeli. № 43 (468) 8 — 14 November 2003
- Vladyslav Hrybovsky Kalnyshevsky against Catherine II Expedition XXI century. №5 (67) December 2007
- Kalnyshevsky against Catherine II
- The last Sich
- The last of the Atamans
- Historiographic questions surrounding the study of Kalnyshevsky's biography
- Destruction of the Zaporozhian Sich and Kalnyshevsky's destiny
- Solovki and Petro Kalnyshevsky
- Oral Narrative of Former Zaporozhian, Dweller of Ekaterinoslav Governorate and District, of the village Mykhailivka — Mykyta Leontiyovych Korzh.