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Gurgaon pronunciation (Hindi: गुड़गांव) is the sixth largest city in the Indian state of Haryana. According to 2001 India census, Gurgaon has a population of 228,820. Gurgaon has grown extensively during the last decade due to its proximity to Delhi and emergence as a major outsourcing destination and real estate market in northern India.

An important town in ancient Hindu mythology, Gurgaon is one of Delhi's four major satellite cities and is therefore considered to be a part of the National Capital Region of India. Over the past few years the city has grown tremendously as an outsourcing destination within India and has also witnessed a big real estate boom. It has also become the poshest area of Delhi with numerous Villas and condominiums and many malls with multinational brands. Burdened under this rapid development are the civic services of the city and in some ways, Gurgaon has become a set of contradictions.

Read more about civic problems in Gurgaon

Etymology

The origins of the city's name are steeped in Hindu mythology. Legend has it that Gurgaon is the ancestral village of Guru Dronacharya, the teacher of the Pandavas and Kauravas in the Indian epic, the Mahabharata. In Sanskrit, Guru means teacher, which in this case refers to Dronacharya and Gram means village. According to Hindu mythology, the village was gifted by the Pandavas and Kauravas to Dronacharya, and was therefore known as guru-gram. The gram was over a period of time rounded off to a colloquial gaon (which also means village in Prakrit) and hence the name Gurgaon emerged. According to another theory, the word Gurgaon is an amalgamation of the words 'gur' (a kind of Jaggery) and 'gaon'(village).

History

Before the real estate boom, Gurgaon was dominated by Jat people. Jats, like the citizens of ancient Rome, alternated between farming and fighting for their lands in this part of the world for centuries. This fierce race had been the buffer by default shielding Hindus from foreign Islamic invasions from the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent. However, after the rise of Mughals, Jats' influence gradually waned. During the British rule in India, Gurgaon was integrated into the Punjab Province. Following India's independence, Gurgaon remained a part of the state of Punjab but after the bloody Punjab insurgency, it became a part of the newly created state of Haryana.

Gurgaon remained a small farming village while neighboring Delhi emerged as India's political capital. Delhi's economic rise attracted a large influx of laborers from neighboring regions like Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab rapidly increasing Delhi's population. By early 1990s, Delhi was one of the most populated and crowded cities in the world and the need for a satellite city became more apparent. Gurgaon seemed like an ideal choice given its vast undeveloped farming lands and proximity to Delhi. Real estate firms, like the DLF Group, bought large acres of land from farmers in Gurgaon and developed high-end residential apartments. Tax incentives by the state government of Haryana and improvement in infrastructure attracted Indian companies and foreign investment and Gurgaon emerged as a major manufacturing and services hub in northern India.

Geography

Gurgaon is located at 28°28′N 77°02′E / 28.47°N 77.03°E / 28.47; 77.03. It has an average elevation of 220 metres (721 ft).

The present Gurgaon district comprising nine blocks Tauru, Nuh, Pataudi, Nagina, Punhana, F.P.Jhirka, Sohna, Gurgaon & Farrukhnagar was created on 15 August,1979. It is the southern-most district of Haryana. On its north, it is bounded by the district of Rohtak and the Union Territory of Delhi. Faridabad district lies to its east. On its south, the district shares boundaries with the states of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. To its west lies the district of Rewari and the State of Rajasthan.

Weather

Gurgaon has a typical North Indian weather. In summers, the temperature soars to as high as 40 - 44 degree Celsius and in the winters the mercury dips to as low as 0 degree Celsius. Get the latest on the weather in Gurgaon

Geology

Gurgaon is situated between the Himalayas and Aravalis range in the heart of the Indian sub-continent. It is surrounded on 3 sides by Haryana and to the east, across the river Yamuna by Uttar Pradesh. . Its greatest length is around 13 miles and the greatest breadth is 17 miles. Delhi's altitude ranges between 213 to 305 metres above the sea level.|.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Gurgaon had a population of 228,820. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Gurgaon has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 73%. In Gurgaon, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Ethnicity

Most Gurgaonites are Jats and Punjabis. But now due to the real estate boom there also a large number of Biharis and Oriyas. There is also a fast growing expatriates community with foreign investment flowing into Gurgaon but there is also a growing African and Bangladeshi Immigrant Community.

Religion

Most Gurgaonites are Hindu but there are also a small number of muslims and parsis

Economy

Initially a small farming village located south of Delhi, Gurgaon saw a massive increase in its population and economy after real estate major, DLF Group, bought farms owned by local people and started developing housing societies for upper-middle class residents of Delhi. One such housing society, DLF City, became a real estate phenomenon in northern India with many Delhites preferring the greener and newly planned Gurgaon over the congested and heavily polluted metropolis.

Favorable tax policy by the Haryana government, improvement in city's infrastructure by Haryana Urban Development Authority and the need of a business center close to Indira Gandhi International Airport saw the emergence of Gurgaon as one of the most prominent outsourcing and offshoring hubs in South Asia. Real estate, automobiles, retail and banking are other major industries. Gurgaon contributes over 50% of Haryana's income tax revenues along with Faridabad.

The distribution of outsourcing companies is skewed towards non-IT services. India's outsourcing industry was born in Gurgaon in 1997 when GE Capital International Services (GECIS) was set up as the India-based business process services operations of GE Capital. Later in 2005, GECIS became an independent company - Genpact, which is now headquartered in Gurgaon. A plethora of BPO and KPO firms such as Keane, Genpact, Evalueserve, Dell, British Telecom, Accenture, Hewitt Associates and Convergys made Gurgaon their regional operations hub. This trend continued after several other firms like Alcatel-Lucent, Niksun, IBM, Opera Solutions and Bain & Company established themselves in the city. Gurgaon also has a major manufacturing industry. Several auto-manufacturing facilities exist, though they do not dominate the city's economy in the manner they did a decade ago. India's largest passenger car company, Maruti Suzuki, and largest motorcycle company, Hero Honda, are based in Gurgaon.

The outsourcing boom has led to a rapid growth in employment prospects and local wages, leading to a mushrooming of shopping malls, restaurants and entertainment facilities. Demand for such lifestyle options is driven by the demographic shift to a younger, more cosmopolitan, more affluent and better educated population. This also led to boom in the city's retail industry. Gurgaon has also benefited from the aviation boom in India, though it lost the bid for the new international airport in the the Delhi area to Greater Noida. India currently has 16 airlines, out of which IndiGo Airlines and MDLR Airlines have their headquarters in Gurgaon. A major international airline British Airways has its office and ticket booking facilities in DLF Phase 4, Gurgaon.

Transportation

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Gurgaon's roads are its Achilles' heel. While the road layout in the city is well-planned, drives to improve the condition of non-arterial roads continue. The state governments of Delhi and Haryana have created an 8 lane expressway from Delhi to Gurgaon, which meets European standards. Though only 28 km long, the expressway became one of the 35 motorways in the world and the fourth in India to have street lights. The traveling time was cut by about 40 minutes though in rush hours the journey can take as much as 1 hour and 20 minutes.

Besides roads, the main problem of the city is its virtually non-existent intra-city public transport. There are a handful of local buses plying on a few routes. The only other form of public transport is shared auto rickshaws, which are generally overcrowded. Recently the Gurgaon administration has started city bus service .Some new Tata Starbus were bought by the administration to ply on the main roads linking to New Delhi. Most Gurgaonites own cars as the cream of the Delhi-ites have moved to Gurgaon. A metro line too is supposed to link the prosperous suburb of Delhi, Gurgaon with other parts of Delhi. A Monorail or suburban railway is also being discussed by the Haryana government to link Gurgaon with Delhi.

The main Bus Depot of the city connects to all neighboring towns including Delhi. The buses to Delhi are the most frequent and have a choice of routes between AIIMS (via Mehrauli) and Dhaula Kuan. It also connects to Rohtak, Jammu, Faridabad to name a few. Gurgaon has its railway station located at the extreme corner of the city. The rails connect to both Rewari on one side and Delhi Cantt on other.Car parking space is extremely limited at the station too. Gurgaon residents mostly depend on railway stations in Delhi or Faridabad (on Delhi-Mumbai/Chennai track) for long-distance travel.

Plans to extend the Delhi Metro to Gurgaon have now been formally approved by both Delhi and Haryana governments, both having reached a cost sharing arrangement. The work is moving at a fast pace in full- swing. Hence, Delhi Metro to Gurgaon can now be expected fully functional by the year 2010.

Gurgaon also has many taxis for the use of the ever growing call center and information technology industry. Gurgaon currently has 5 types of taxis. Normal Black top yellows taxis, auto rickshaw (the cheapest form of taxis in Gurgaon), tourist taxis, radio taxis and white taxis (being mostly luxury cars like Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, Hyundai Sonata, Mercedes Benz C220 and Skoda Octavia)

The 28 km long access-controlled toll Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway is a part of Golden Quadrilateral project. The expressway between Gurgaon and New Delhi, and provides non-stop connectivity to the Indira Gandhi International Airport and the Domestic Airport and to Dhaula Kuan in Delhi over a distance of 28 kilometers (18 miles), and includes 7 flyovers and 5 underpasses along the stretch.

Gurgaon is a city that is rapidly embracing modernity and a globalized economy, but needs much improvement in basic infrastructure to truly transform in a "world-class" city in coming years. Read about the roads and transportation in Gurgaon

Urbanism

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The urban landscape has been constantly changing in the fast growing city of Gurgaon. In the Hindu and Mughal times the city was largely made up of the temples and forts to secure Delhi.The present City of Gurgaon can be considered the metropolitan area of an old civilization, encompassing every single settlement around the original city, and expanding even further with the establishment of new neighbourhoods and districts since the changes in the 21st century.

Until the 2000, the city has gone into decline compared to the importance it had when ruled by the Hindus, but due to an immediate need of a satellite city for Delhi. It has again been recognised as one of the most important business hub s of North India. Starting from 2000, numerous tall structures were built around the city to accommodate a rapid growth in population. Surrounding villages were absorbed into Gurgaon as the city rapidly expanded outwards. The tallest highrise office and residential buildings are mostly located in the north western areas of the city, and especially in the business and shopping districts of MG Road, DLF City, and Ashok Marg. The headquarters of Gurgaon's largest companies and banks are also located in this area. As a result of Gurgaon's exponential growth during in the 21st century, a significant portion of the city's outskirts consists of small villages that have been absorbed into the city. Soon Gurgaon earned the title of a city rather than a suburb.

Thousands of professionals have recently made their home in Gurgaon, living in apartments or in newly constructed colonies and condominiums with world-class facilities. The mushrooming shopping malls of Gurgaon, like the DLF City Centre, DLF Grand Mall, DLF Mega Mall, Sahara Mall, MGF Metropolitan Mall, MGF Mega City, DLF Star Mall, are also indicative of the recognition by retailers of the far-reaching aspirations, and deep pockets, of the residents of the city. But some still can't resist the lush greenery of posh South Delhi, making the journey to Gurgaon on the expressway everyday to their corporate work houses. By 2010, the state government also hopes to complete a world class Golden Triangle City Centre (GTCC) in Sector 29 with as many as four skyscrapers higher than Taipei 101.Some experts are worried about the project because Gurgaon lies in an earthquake prone area . The fast growing population, with increasing purchasing power, has created a huge demand for housing, resulting in escalating property prices in recent years. Quality of life in the privately managed residential estates in Gurgaon remains relatively good due to high standards of security, private parking, common area maintenance and sanitation being the norm. The city still faces frequent problems with interruptions of electricity and water supply which are not likely to be totally solved by 2010.

Education

The city is home to a number of reputed educational institutions - MDI, ITM (Institute Of Technology and Management), Indian Institute of Law, IILM Institute for Higher Education, The State Bank training Academy, The Fertiliser Development Institute, Potash Research Institute, Gurgaon Institute Of Dental Sciences, Saluja CAD Consultancy, Civil Lines, Pragati Polytechnic, Dronacharya College Of Engineering, Apeejay College Of Engineering, Institute for International Management and Technology (IIMT) which is in collaboration with Oxford Brookes University, UK,ICFAI( Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India) Business School.

Gurgaon is also home to many residential and day schools.

Gurgoanites normally do their higher studies in Delhi. Schools and higher educational institutions in Delhi are administered either by the Directorate of Education, the NCT government, or private organizations. In 2004–05, there were 2,515 primary, 635 middle, 504 secondary and 1,208 senior secondary schools in Delhi. That year, the higher education institutions in the city included 165 colleges, among them five medical colleges and eight engineering colleges, six universities—DU, JNU, JMI, GGSIPU, IGNOU and Jamia Hamdard—and nine deemed universities. GGSIPU is the only state university; IGNOU is for open/distance learning; the rest are all central universities.

After completing the ten-year secondary phase of their education under the 10+2+3 plan, students typically spend the next two years either in junior colleges or in schools with senior secondary facilities, during which their studies become more focused. They select a stream of study—liberal arts, commerce, science, or, less commonly, vocational. Upon completion, those who choose to continue, either study for a 3-year undergraduate degree at a college, or a professional degree in law, engineering, or medicine. Notable higher education or research institutes in Delhi include All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Delhi College of Engineering, Faculty of Management Studies, Delhi School of Economics, and Indian Institute of Foreign Trade.

Life in Gurgaon

Shopping

Gurgaon is considered as the unofficial "Mall Capital of India"Gurgaon is known for its large number of malls and shopping facilities, attributed to be one of the major factors in its recent growth. Though Gurgaon lacks in historic history, the new shopping centers have opened up all around the city. The first shopping mall were established on MG Road DLF City Center Mall and MGF Metropolitan Metro. Ambi Mall has become the largest mall in India and South Asia and 7th largest in Asia. Wedding Mall(2007) and Gold Souk are one of many speciality malls in town. Mall of India which is being constructed and is supposed to be completed in 2008 end. Mall of India is supposed to the largest mall in India and 9th largest in the world. Most new are targeting high-end consumers and are almost exclusively dedicated to world-famous fashion brands. In March 2008, a new law went into effect in the state requiring all malls and shopping centers to be closed one day per week in order to conserve electricity and help traffic flow. Though all malls and shopping centers are closed on Tuesday. However, some major retail chains like LifeStyle stores have managed to open on all seven days. The complete information about the shopping malls can be had from a central shopping malls information repository .

Recreation

There are numerous sports club around the city. Most real estate companies have established recreational facilities in their own residential complexes.

Neemrana and Pataudi Palace are Historic Hotel resorts and favoutite weekend getaways for Gurgaon-ites. The ShekhawatiRegion near Gurgaon hosts one of the best havelis in India with beautiful frescoes. The towns of Shekhawati are eminent for their amazing painted havelis. Such is the appeal of the havelis that this region is dubbed as "open art gallery of Rajasthan". The plethora of painted Havelis in rich artistic tradition makes it commendable and fascinating. Most of the buildings are dated from 18th century to early 20th century. The Shekhawati landscape is dotted with so many havelis that tracking them is something like a treasure hunt.

Bars, cafés and restaurants

Gurgaon pubs offer great entertainment with great themes. There are huge range of pubs from Charcoal Griiland to Odyssey. No worries for those missing home cooked food as there are many outlets offering the most authentic Indian and the best in world cuisine. Along with the traditional Indian restaurants, many European and Far Eastern restaurants and numerous other cuisines are also thriving in the city.

Most of the city's pubs and cafes are situated on the MG Road, the fashion district on Gurgaon. Other restaurants and most expensive ones are on the Mehrauli Gurgaon area. Many european restaurants have come up including reputed restaurants like Tonino and Clemont Ferrand. Small streets here have been nick named french and italian names due to many european restaurants in this part of town. A famous street which has became known as La Rue Française has rows of pubs, cafés and restaurants playing live French and Spanish music. Gymkhana Club is known for its seafood restaurant and superb snack eateries and great sport facilities. Many portgese and spanish resaturants have been established by the local South Indian migrants.

Night Clubs

Gurgaon nightclubs provide the best of comfort and service and are also coming up with innovative ways to lure consumers. With UV lights, laser laden dance spaces, gigantic bars and smart decor, Gurgaon is on its way a whole new world of nightlife.Bed, a bar in Gurgaon exhibits loud american music to lure the expats. The Bed does do justice to its name as one catch a glimpse of people dozing off on the super comfy beds. With the arrival of pubs in Gurgaon, the nightlife has certainly transformed.

District Administration

• The Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service, is the overall in-charge of the General Administration in the district. He is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Haryana Civil Service and other Haryana state services.

• Till recently, the Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service, used to be responsible for maintaining Law & Order and related issues in the district. He was assisted by the officers of the Haryana Police Service and other Haryana Police officials. Now, since June, 2007 the Police System has been converted into Commissionerate system of policing at par with other metropolitan cities in India e.g. Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, etc. for better administration of law and order.

• The Deputy Conservator of Forests, an officer belonging to the Indian Forest Service, is responsible for the management of the Forests, Environment and Wild-Life in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Haryana Forest Service and other Haryana Forest officials and Haryana Wild-Life officials.

• Sectoral development is looked after by the district head/officer of each development department such as , Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal husbandry, etc. These officers are from various state services.

Citizen Action

The Joint Action Forum of Residents’ Associations , is a federation of 120 registered resident welfare associations (RWAs) in the city. Members include RWAs from residential sectors developed by the Haryana Urban Development Authority (called HUDA sectors), Gurgaon old city, private colonies, group housing societies, apartments and condominiums, and industry, institutions and organizations. Online citizen action sites like Gurgaon.com have been very active in bring things to the fore.

Media

The Televison and entertainment scene in Gurgaon is similar to Delhi's as they share radio stations, newspapers and television channels as Gurgaon lies in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. As the capital of India, New Delhi is the focus of political reportage, including regular television broadcasts of Indian parliament sessions and because of Gurgaon's proximity to Delhi it shares the same characteristics. Many country-wide media agencies, among them the state-owned Press Trust of India and Doordarshan, are based in Delhi. Television programming in the city includes two free terrestrial television channels offered by Doordarshan, and several Hindi, English and regional-languages cable channels offered by Multi system operators. Satellite television, in contrast, is yet to gain large-scale subscribership in the city.

Print journalism is shared in Gurgaon and Delhi. During the year 2004–05, 1029 newspapers—in thirteen languages—were published in Delhi. Of these, 492 were Hindi language newspapers, and included Navbharat Times, Dainik Hindustan, Punjab Kesri, Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar and fastest growing weekly The Stageman International. Among the English language newspapers, The Hindustan Times, with over a million copies in circulation, was the single largest daily. Other major English newspapers include Indian Express, Business Standard, Times of India, The Hindu, The Pioneer and Asian Age. Radio is a less popular mass medium in Delhi, although FM radio has been gaining ground since the inauguration of several new FM channels in 2006. A number of state-owned and private radio stations broadcast from Delhi, including All India Radio (AIR), one of the world's largest radio service providers, which offers six radio channels in ten languages. Other city-based radio stations include Big FM (92.7 FM)''Radio Mirchi (98.3 FM), Fever (104.0 FM), Radio One (94.3 FM), Red FM (93.5 FM) and Radio City (91.1 FM).

Gurgaon's bi-lingual online journal - in English and Hindi

Sports

Unlike in the rest of India where Cricket is most popular, in Gurgaon Golf has taken over. Gurgaon currently has 2, 18 hole golf courses and also held the Johnnie Walker Classic in 2008. There are also plans to permanently shift Delhi Open or the so called Indian Masters to either Gurgaon, Noida or Greater Noida. Gurgaon is in no mood to loose this bid. It has already lost the bid for a new international airport(to be in Greater Noida) and also lost the bid for the Indian Grand Prix to Noida. But if the A1 GP lobyists manage to earn an approval from the government for a A1 track in India, the most probable choice could be Gurgaon. The Formula One team Force India owned by industrialist, Vijay Mallya also has plans to make a practice circuit near 32 Milestone, which houses a go karting track. There are also plans to extend the number of teams in IPL. That might give a chance for Gurgaon to have its own team.

But there is still a lack of sports complexes in Gurgaon. Most are owned by corporate companies and membership is quite expensive. The government has promised to make 5 Sports Complexes by 2010.

Immigration

Construction work is an important industry in Gurgaon. Almost 20% of the city is involved in this sector as Real Estate is one of the most important money earners for Gurgaon. The land in and around Gurgaon is not fertile and farmers do not think twice before selling their land to big Corporate Firms such as DLF and Unitech, which in turn construct IT parks and Office Complexes.To cust cost these companies have employed cheaper labour from rural parts of India and from Africa and Bangladesh. This has resulted in a large number of Indians from other parts of country specially from Orrisa and Bihar. It has also resulted in many ethnic african and bangladeshis to work in construction sites in Gurgaon.

Migrant workers from states like Bihar and Orrisa work in these construction projects as farming is no longer profitable in these states due to the unfertile land and droughts. Though the urban areas in these states are developing fast, the rural areas are drying up, so many are opting to work in farm lands in Punjab and in big cities like Gurgaon.

There has also been a large number of construction workers from Africa and Bangladesh who have been brought in to build The Metro Line, Malls and corporate offices. DLF, a big construction firm is supposed to have employed about 2,000 African migrant workers to finish work on Mall of India, which is supposed to be the largest mall in India and 10th largest in the world.

But this economic boom has also created a steady influx of qualified workers from South India and expats from Africa. Because of good educational institution like MDI, many students have come to Gurgaon.

References

1. 2001 census figures - official website of Government of India
2. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Gurgaon
4. Template:GR
5. Over 50% IT in Haryana from Faridabad, Gurgaon - The Chandigarh Tribune
6. Gurgaon plans to build four 140 storey towers
7. Adiga, Aravind. "India's Mania for Malls". TIME.com. Retrieved 2008-06-19.
8. "Gurgaon malls told to take Tuesdays off". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2008-06-19.
9. "Gurgaon Lifestyle". Gurgaonalive.com. Retrieved 2008-06-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
10. JAFRA Gurgaon
11. Rediff Business Desk (5 September 2006). "What is CAS? What is DTH?". rediff news: Business. Rediff.com. Retrieved 2007-01-08. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
12. ^ "General Review". Registrar of Newspapers for India. Retrieved 2006-12-21.
13. Naqvi, Farah (14 November 2006). "Chapter4: Towards a Mass Media Campaign: Analysing the relationship between target audiences and mass media" (PDF). Images and icons: Harnessing the Power of Mass Media to Promote Gender Equality and Reduce Practices of Sex Selection. BBC World Service Trust. pp. 26–36. Retrieved 2007-01-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
14. "Delhi: Radio Stations in Delhi, India". ASIAWAVES: Radio and TV Broadcasting in South and South-East Asia. Alan G. Davies. 15 November 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

External links

• Bi-lingual (English and Hindi) online information journal on Gurgaon
• Template:Wikitravel

• Misplaced Pages articles needing copy edit from June 2008
• Articles needing cleanup from May 2008
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• Misplaced Pages pages needing cleanup from May 2008
• Cities and towns in Haryana
• Haryana
• Neighbourhoods of Delhi
• Gurgaon