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Aborigines (adjective: aboriginal) are in general the peoples who were the first inhabitants of a land, or with some identified pre-existing or prior association to a land (see indigenous peoples). Other similar descriptions include native peoples, tribal peoples, First Peoples, First Nations and autochthonous.

The word derives from the Latin: ab origine, "from the origin"; applied originally to refer to the inhabitants of the region of Latium or more generally Italy as a whole, and thereafter to indigenous inhabitants of any given region.

Peoples commonly (but perhaps not neutrally) referred to as Aborigine (by English speakers) notably include:

• Aboriginal peoples in Canada
• Taiwanese aborigines: in East Asia
• Indigenous Australians: in Australia

A further list and description of these and other aboriginal or indigenous peoples over and above those listed here, as well as discussion on some common themes, can be determined at Indigenous peoples; however, not all of these these groups are referred to specifically as "Aborigines" by English speakers.

• Indigenous peoples