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October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining.

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Events

• 625 - Honorius I becomes Pope.
• 1644 - Second Battle of Newbury in the English Civil War.
• 1795 - The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid, which establishes the boundaries between Spanish colonies and the U.S.
• 1797 - Treaty of Campo Formio is signed between France and Austria.
• 1810 - United States annexes the former Spanish colony of West Florida.
• 1838 - Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state.
• 1870 - Marshal François Achille Bazaine surrenders to Prussian forces at Metz along with 140,000 French soldiers in one of the biggest French defeats of the Franco-Prussian War.
• 1904 - First New York City Subway line opens; the system becomes biggest in United States of America, and one of biggest in world.
• 1946 - First commercially-sponsored television program airs (Geographically Speaking, sponsored by Bristol-Myers).
• 1948 - Léopold Sédar Senghor founds the Senegalese Democratic Bloc (BDS).
• 1949 - An airliner flying from Paris to New York crashes near the Azores. Among the victims are violinist Ginette Neveu and boxer Marcel Cerdan.
• 1953 - British nuclear test Totem 2 is detonated at Emu Field, South Australia.
• 1954 - Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes the first African-American general in the United States Air Force.
• 1958 - Iskander Mirza, the first President of Pakistan, is deposed in a bloodless coup d'état by General Ayub Khan, who was appointed the enforcer of martial law by Mirza 20 days earlier.
• 1962 - The Cuban Missile Crisis ends peacefully.
• 1973 - The Canyon City meteorite, a 1.4 kg chondrite type meteorite strikes in Fremont County, Colorado.
• 1981 - The Soviet submarine U 137 runs aground on the east coast of Sweden.
• 1986 - The London Stock Exchange is deregulated and computerisation is introduced for the first time.
• 1990 - Supreme Soviet of Kirghiz SSR chooses Askar Akayev as republic's first president.
• 1991 - Turkmenistan achieved independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1993 - Fires in five counties in southern California destroy more than 500 homes and cause an estimate $1 billion of damage within a week.
• 1995 - Latvia applies for membership of the European Union.
• 1997 - Stock markets around the world crash because of fears of a global economic meltdown. The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummets 554.26 points to 7,161.15. For the first time, the New York Stock Exchange activated their "circuit breakers" twice during the day eventually making the controversial move of closing the Exchange early (see October 27, 1997 mini-crash).
• 1998 - Gerhard Schröder becomes Chancellor of Germany for the first time.
• 1999 - Armenian Prime Minister Vasgen Sarkissian and 6 other members killed in an attack on the Armenian parliament.
• 2002 - Trades unionist Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is elected as President of Brazil.
• 2002 - Running back Emmitt Smith becomes the current leader in career rushing yards in the National Football League, breaking the record then held by Walter Payton.
• 2004 - Major League Baseball's Boston Red Sox won Game 4 of the World Series 3-0, sweeping the series in 4 games over the St. Louis Cardinals on a night featuring a full lunar eclipse, becoming champions for the first time since 1918.
• 2004 - Matti Nykänen, once a very successful Finnish ski-jumper, is found guilty of attempt of manslaughter and sentenced to a two year and two month jail term for stabbing a family friend.

Births

• 1156 - Count Raymond VI of Toulouse (d. 1222)
• 1401 - Catherine of Valois, queen of Henry VI of England (d. 1437)
• 1466 - Erasmus, Dutch humanist and theologian (d. 1536)
• 1728 - James Cook, British naval captain and explorer (d. 1779)
• 1744 - Mary Moser, English painter (d. 1819)
• 1760 - August von Gneisenau, Prussian field marshal (d. 1831)
• 1782 - Niccolò Paganini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1840)
• 1811 - Isaac Singer, American inventor (d. 1875)
• 1811 - Stevens Thomson Mason, first Governor of Michigan (d. 1843)
• 1842 - Giovanni Giolitti, Italian statesman (d. 1928)
• 1844 - Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1916)
• 1858 - Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1919)
• 1873 - Emily Post, eticquette author (d. 1960)
• 1877 - George Thompson, English cricketer (d. 1943)
• 1894 - Oliver Leese, British general (d. 1978)
• 1906 - Earle Cabell, American politician (d. 1975)
• 1910 - Jack Carson, Canadian actor (d. 1963)
• 1914 - Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 1953)
• 1918 - Teresa Wright, American actress
• 1920 - Nanette Fabray, American actress
• 1920 - K. R. Narayanan, President of India
• 1923 - Roy Lichtenstein, American artist (d. 1997)
• 1924 - Ruby Dee, American actress
• 1931 - Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian writer
• 1932 - Sylvia Plath, American poet (d. 1963)
• 1939 - John Cleese, British actor and writer
• 1940 - John Gotti, American gangster (d. 2002)
• 1946 - Carrie Snodgress, American actress (d. 2004)
• 1950 - Fran Lebowitz, American writer
• 1957 - Jeff East, American actor
• 1958 - Simon Le Bon, English singer (Duran Duran)
• 1967 - Scott Weiland, American singer (Stone Temple Pilots and Velvet Revolver)
• 1970 - Adrian Erlandsson, Swedish drummer (Cradle of Filth)
• 1972 - Evan Coyne Maloney, filmmaker
• 1972 - Brad Radke, baseball player
• 1977 - Jiří Jarosík, Czech footballer
• 1980 - Tanel Padar, Estonian singer and Eurovision Song Contest winner

Deaths

• 939 - King Athelstan I of England
• 1271 - Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, French crusader (b. 1213)
• 1312 - John II, Duke of Brabant (b. 1275)
• 1327 - Elizabeth de Burgh, queen of Robert I of Scotland
• 1331 - Abu al-Fida, Arab hitorian and geographer (b. 1273)
• 1430 - Vytautas the Great, Grand Prince of Lithuania
• 1439 - Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1397)
• 1449 - Ulugh Beg, Turkish ruler and astronomer (b. 1394)
• 1505 - Ivan III of Russia (b. 1440)
• 1553 - Michael Servetus, Spanish theologian (burned at the stake) (b. 1511)
• 1561 - Lope de Aguirre, Spanish conquistador
• 1573 - Laurentius Petri, first Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden (b. 1499)
• 1617 - Ralph Winwood, English politician
• 1670 - Vavasor Powell, Welsh non-conformist leader (b. 1617)
• 1674 - Hallgrímur Pétursson, Icelandic poet (b. 1614)
• 1675 - Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (b. 1602)
• 1917 - Arthur Rhys Davids, English pilot (b. 1897)
• 1949 - Marcel Cerdan, French boxer (b. 1916)
• 1949 - Ginette Neveu, French violinist (b. 1919)
• 1953 - Thomas Wass, English cricketer (b. 1873)
• 1962 - Enrico Mattei, Italian politician (b. 1906)
• 1968 - Lise Meitner, German physicist (b. 1878)
• 1975 - Rex Stout, American novelist (b. 1886)
• 1977 - James M. Cain, American novelist (b. 1892)
• 1980 - Steve Peregrin Took, English singer and songwriter (b. 1949)
• 1980 - John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
• 1990 - Elliott Roosevelt, American war hero, author, and advertising executive (b. 1910)
• 1990 - Xavier Cugat, Spanish-born musician (b. 1900)
• 1992 - David Bohm, American-born physicist, philosopher and neuropsychologist (b. 1917)
• 1996 - Morey Amsterdam, American actor (b. 1908)
• 1999 - Robert Mills, American physicist (b. 1927)
• 2000 - Walter Berry, Austrian bass-baritone (b. 1929)
• 2003 - Rod Roddy, American television announcer (b. 1937)

Holidays

• Feast day of Saint Frumentius, who introduced Christianity into Ethiopia
• Independence Day in Turkmenistan (1991)
• Independence Day in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979)

External links

• BBC: On This Day

October 26 - October 28 - November 27 - September 27 - more historical anniversaries