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Oedipus, or Oidipous, mythical king of Thebes, son of Laius and Jocasta, who, unknowingly, killed his father and married his mother.
Upon Oedipus's birth, it was prophesized that he would kill his father. Laius, seeking to avoid such a fate, abandoned him, but a shepherd rescued him and presented him to the King Polybus and Queen Merope (or Periboea) of Corinth, who raised him as their own son.
Later warned by an oracle that he was fated to kill his father and marry his mother, Oedipus, not knowing his real parentage, vowed never to return to Corinth. During his travels, he came to the area around Thebes, where he did kill Laius in a roadside argument, not knowing that he was the king. Oedipus then saved Thebes by answering the riddle of the Sphinx and was rewarded by being granted the now-vacant throne of Thebes and the widowed queen's hand in marriage. Eventually, Oedipus did discover that he was really the son of Laius and Jocasta and that all of the prohicies had indeed come to pass. Jocasta committed suicide and Oedipus blinded himself by forcing her brooch pins into his eyes.
When Oedipus stepped down as King of Thebes, he gave the kingdom to his two sons, Eteocles and Polynices, who both agreed to alternate the throne every year. However, they showed no concern for their father, who cursed them for their negligence. After the first year, Eteocles refused to step down and Polynices attacked Thebes with his supporters (the Seven Against Thebes). Both brothers died in the battle. King Creon, who ascended to the throne of Thebes, decreed that Polynices was not to be buried. Antigone, his sister, defied the order, but was caught. Creon decreed that she was to be buried alive, this in spite of her betrothal to his son Haemon. Antigone's sister, Ismene, then declared she had aided Antigone and wanted the same fate. The gods, through the blind prophet Tiresias, expressed their disapproval of Creon's decision, which convinced him to rescind his order, and he went to bury Polynices himself. However, Antigone had already hanged herself rather than be buried alive. When Creon arrived at the tomb where she was to be interred, Haemon attacked him and then killed himself. When Creon's wife, Eurydice, was informed of their death she too took her own life.
This legend inspired Sigmund Freud to come up with the Oedipus complex. It has also inspired several works of art, such as the plays Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus by Sophocles, and Stravinsky's opera Oedipus Rex.
See also: Epigonoi