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Prabat Somdet Phra Sanpet III (Template:Lang-th) or Somdet Phra Ekatotsarot (Template:Lang-th;-1610) was the King of Ayutthaya from 1605 to 1610 succeeding his brother Naresuan. His reign was largely peaceful as Siam was then a powerful state through the conquests of Naresuan. Also during his reign that foreigners of various origin began to fill the mercenary corps.

The White Prince

The White Prince was the son of Maha Thammarachathirat of Pitsanulok and Queen Wisutkasat. White Prince had an elder brother who was epitheted The Black Prince and an elder sister the Golden Princess.

In 1563, Bayinnaung laid seige on Pitsanulok and Maha Thammarachathirat readily surrendered and made his kingdom a Burmese tributary. Bayinnaung requested for the Black Prince and White Prince as captives at Pegu to ensure their father's fidelity. So, the two went to Pegu, where they were educated and overseen by Bayinnaung along with other captive princes.

Ayutthaya fell in 1569. Bayinnaung installed Maha Thammarachathirat as the puppet king of Siam. The Black and White Prince then returned to Ayutthaya in exchange for their sister Supankanlaya as Bayinnaung's concubine.

The Second King

Prince Ekatotsarot joined his brother Naresuan in various wars with the Burmese. Naresuan declared the end of Burmese tributary in 1583 and was followed by series of Burmese invasions. In 1590, Maha Thammarachathirat died. Naresuan was crowned as the King of Ayutthaya while Ekatotsarot was made Uparaja but with equal honor to Naresuan (As in the case of Mongkut and Pinklao).

In 1592, Nanda Bayin sent his son Minchit Sra the Burmese Uparaja to subjugate Siam. Naresuan and Ekatotsarot then marched and met the Burmese armies in the Battle of Nong Sarai. However, the elephants of the two brothers went mad and ran themselves into the midst of the Burmese, culminating the Yuttahadhi of Naresuan. Minchit Sra was slain and the Burmese invasion ceased for several years.

in 1595, Pegu faced rebellions by various tributaries and royal princes. Naresuan planned a massive invasion of Pegu but the city was taken beforehand by the Lord of Toungoo with the support of Rakhine. The efforts to capture Toungoo falied and Naresuan decided to retreat. In Lanna, however, a conflict arose between Noratra Mangsosri the Burmese king of Lanna and Phraya Ram a Siamese-installed Lanna noble. Naresuan sent Ekatotsarot to claim the conflicts by dividing Lanna into two parts.

Naresuan died during his campaigns to subjugate the Shans in 1605. Ekatotsarot was crowned as his successor.

King of Siam

Upon his coronation, the Ayutthaya kingdom had reached the maximum extent. However, immediately after the coronation, the Lanna kingdom broke away. In 1610, Anaukpetlun invaded Tavoy and Tenasserim but was repelled.

Mission to Dutch Republic

During the reign of Ekathotsarot, a Siamese embassy reached the Dutch city of The Hague, in 1608. The embassy of 16 was brought to Holland by Admiral Matelief onboard L'Orange, leaving Bantam on January 28, 1608. The embassy arrived in The Hague on September 10, 1608, and met with Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange.. This visit coincided with the first recorded mention of the observation of the heavens with a spyglass: the application of a patent by the inventor of the telescope, the Dutch Hans Lippershey, was mentioned at the end of a diplomatic report on the Siamese Embassy, Ambassades du Roy de Siam envoyé à l'Excellence du Prince Maurice, arrive a La Haye, le 10. septembr. 1608 ("Embassy of the King of Siam sent to his Excellence Prince Maurice, September 10, 1608"), which soon diffused across Europe.

Following the embassy, a treaty was concluded between Holland and Siam in 1617.

Notes

1. Smithies 2002, p.182
2. English intercourse with Siam in the seventeenth century, p.38
3. Galileo's Instruments of Credit: Telescopes, Images, Secrecy, Page 96, by Mario Biagioli
4. Sidereus Nuncius, Or, The Sidereal Messenger, Page 9, by Galileo Galilei, Albert Van Helden
5. Measuring the Universe: Cosmic Dimensions from Aristarchus to Halley Page 65, by Albert Van Helden
6. Southeast Asia: Its Historical Development, John Frank Cady, p.213

References

• Smithies, Michael (2002), Three military accounts of the 1688 "Revolution" in Siam, Itineria Asiatica, Orchid Press, Bangkok, ISBN 9745240052

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