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Revision as of 12:43, 15 January 2010 by 81.187.71.75 (talk)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Human settlement in Northern Ireland| Eglinton | |
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| Population | 3,165 (2001 Census) |
| District | |
| County | |
| Country | Northern Ireland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LONDONDERRY |
| Postcode district | BT47 |
| Dialling code | 028 |
| UK Parliament | |
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Eglinton, known before the Plantation of Ulster as Muff or Moyagh (from Irish an Magh/Ma 'the plain'), is a village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It lies 8 miles (13 km) east of Derry to which it serves as a sleeper-village and 9 miles (14 km) west of Limavady. Many inhabitants work in the city and send their children to school there. Eglinton had a population of 3,165 people in the 2001 Census. The City of Derry Airport also known as Eglinton Aerodrome lies a short distance from the village.
Eglinton still has an elegant church, former market house, trees around a green and two oaks which started life in Windsor Great Park. The River Muff flows through the village with the afforested Muff Glen being situated just south of the village. At an embankment of Lough Foyle, birdwatchers can find the feeding ground of many seabirds and waders on the mud flats at low tide.
History
The village of Eglinton originally known as Muff (Anglicisation of Irish an Magh meaning a plain) was founded in 1619 by the Grocers’ Company of London. The name Eglinton is believed to originated from the composition of the 'ton' from the old english to mean 'community/town' and the old norman word 'egle' meaning 'eagle'. There are several other possible origin for is name, but it is common in East Anglia, and it is not that many names in East Anglia came from nicknames of which there were a great variety, often referring to origins, habits, appearance, animals and birds.
As part of the Plantation of Ulster James I, had granted a large area (15900 acres) part of Faughanvale parish to the Grocers in 1609.The Grocers did not farm it themselves but leased this area to Edward Rone of Essex in 1615 with the stipulation that he built a bawn and 12 houses by 1619.The yearly rent being £116-13s-4d. Unfortunately Rone died in 1618 but his brother-in-law Robert Harrington took over and by 1619 a castle and bawn and 8 houses were erected in the townland of Muff (now Eglinton) and by 1622 the stipulated building was completed
The castle (really a castellated house and bawn with 4 flanker towers) was besieged in 1641during the English Civil War by the insurgents under Colonel McDonnell and gallantly defended by the garrison during the winter of that year. It was relieved the following summer by troops from Derry but it afterwards fell into the hands of the parliamentarians by whom it was dismantled. During the Siege of Derry the castle was briefly occupied by troops of King James while they were foraging for supplies.The ruins were standing and occupied until 1823 when the present Rectory was built on the site. The only remains of the castle today being the cellars under the rectory.
The Church of Ireland was represented within the village by the Parish Church of Faughanvale which was built in 1626. It was later superseded by a new Parish Church constructed in 1821 with the ruins of the old church being extant within the adjacent graveyard.
The Presbyterian Church was represented in the village with the building of the first church in 1730. Prior to this, the congregation formed part of the Glendermott Congregation in the city of Derry. The original church was built in the townland of Tullanee just east of the village. The existing much larger church, Faughanvale Presbyterian Church, was built in 1894 with the help of donations from fellow citizens of the congregation who had some time earlier emigrated to the United States. Nothing remains of the original church which stood in what is now the Presbyterian Church graveyard immediately to the rear of the new church.
There were several other places called Muff at the time, especially one nearby in Donegal which created much confusion. The residents of the village resolved to afford of the opportunity to change the name. Therefore, on 19 August 1858, the village of Muff became Eglinton in honour of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the 13th Earl of Eglinton who was visiting the nearby Templemoyle Agricultural School at the time. The school was opened in 1826 aimed at teaching new agricultural methods but eventually closed in 1865. The building remained disused for many years before being converted into a nursing home in the 1990's. In the nearby Foyle Park House, a Literary School was built in 1813 by the last tenant farmer, David Babington.
Thomas Gallagher (1840-1927), the miller’s son of Templemoyle, was the founder of the famous tobacco firm of Gallaghers, now renamed the Gallaher Group. His relatives lived in The Glen House in the centre of Eglinton village until the 1950’s.
One of the oldest buildings today is the Erasmus Smith schoolhouse erected in 1812 beside the old national school of 1886 both now private residences. The Grocers did not resume active management of the estate until 1823 when they rebuilt the village. Among the buildings erected by the company in 1823-5 were the Rectory, a Courthouse or Market house ( an unusually well designed building by Nicholson which included a dispensary (the wall plaques outside the former courthouse are the Grocers and David Babingtons coat of arms)), a Manor house for the Grocers agent and the Glen house. All of which are still to be seen today. They also built a row of cottages for local widows which was known until quite recently as Widow's Row (now renamed Cottage Row) and tradesmen's houses along Main Street. The millers house opposite the Happy Landing public house became the old R.I.C.barracks until the present police station was built. The Grocers sold the village in 1874 to Mr James Davidson from Brechin Scotland, his descendants still reside in the manor house to this day.
During the second world war Eglinton was home to many Air Force and Naval personnel. Many old buildings currently in a state of disrepair, evidence their presence, and can still be seen dotted around the outskirts of the village. The airfield was a major base for flights over the North Atlantic, their tasks included searching for U-boats and acting as air cover for convoys. Several aircraft crashed in the vicinity of the village and the nearby airfield with several pilots and aircrew being buried locally in the Parish Church and Presbyterian Church graveyards. These brave heroes are always remembered on each and every armistice Sunday.
During the last decade Eglinton has experienced phenomenal growth due to the large number of new private houses which have been constructed in and around the village resulting in the arrival of many newcomers from far and afield.
Transport
- Eglinton railway station opened on 29 November 1852 and finally closed on 2 July 1973.
- City of Derry Airport, formerly RAF Eglinton, is located nearby.
- The A2 between City of Derry Airport and Maydown is currently being upgraded to Dual Carriageway standard which will ultimately provide a high speed link between the village and the city of Derry.
2001 Census
Eglinton is classified as an intermediate settlement by the NI Statistics and research Agency (NISRA) (ie with population between 2,250 and 4,500 people). On Census day (29 April 2001) there were 3,165 people living in Eglinton. Of these:
- 28.6% were aged under 16 and 10.3% were aged 60 and over
- 50.2% of the population were male and 49.8% were female
- 46.5% were from a Catholic background and 51.1% were from a Protestant background
- 4.0% of people aged 16-74 were unemployed.
People
- David Campbell - International footballer
- Elaine Way - Chief Executive of Western Health And Social Trust
- Jason Smyth - Paralympic Gold Medalist
- Corin King - World Champion Surf Kayak
References
- This is the official Post Town as defined by Royal Mail.
- A Concise Dictionary of Modern Place Names in Great Britain and Ireland by Adrian Room (ISBN 978-0192115904), page 36
- Éigse, National University of Ireland (1969)
- http://www.nats-uk.ead-it.com/aip/current/ad/EGAE/EG_AD_2_EGAE_en.pdf
- http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/inquiry/downloads/Airport%20Independent%20Inquiry.pdf
- "Muff Glen Forest". Northern Ireland Forest Service. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
- "Eglinton station" (PDF). Railscot - Irish Railways. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
- "Key Statistics for Settlements Tables" (PDF). Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). Retrieved 2010-01-14.
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