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Sovereigns Constituents Pretenders

Abolished monarchies

America

State	Pretender	Since	House	Claim	Succession	Abolition	Refs
Brazil	Luís	5 July 1981	Orléans-Braganza	Direct descendant of Emperor Pedro II (1831–1889).	Hereditary	1889
	Pedro Carlos	27 December 2007
Mexico	Maximilian II	November 1949	Habsburg-Iturbide	Direct descendant of Emperor Agustín I (1822–1823).	Hereditary	1867
Miskito	Norton Cuthbert Clarence	1977		Descendant of Chief Robert Henry Clarence (1890–1894).	Hereditary and Elective	1894
Araucania and Patagonia	Felipe	26 October 1952	De Tounens	Descendant of King Orélie-Antoine I (1860–1862).	Hereditary	1862

Asia

South Yemen

Former states of the British Aden Protectorate were united in the 1960s to form the People's Republic of South Yemen, which became independent on 30 November 1967. South Yemen later merged with its northern counterpart to form the modern state of Yemen in 1990.

State	Pretender	Since	House	Claim	Succession	Abolition	Refs
Audhali	Salih ibn al-Husayn	17 September 1967	Al Ausaji	Last reigning Sultan (until 1967).	Hereditary	1967
Lower Aulaqi	Nasir ibn Aidrus	29 November 1967	Al Awlaqi	Last reigning Sultan (1947–1967).	Hereditary
Upper Aulaqi	Awad ibn Salih	29 November 1967	Al Awlaqi	Last reigning Sultan (1935–1967).	Hereditary
Beihan	Salih ibn al-Husayn	17 August 1967	Al Habieli	Last reigning Emir (1935–1967).	Hereditary
Dhala	Shafaul ibn Ali Shaif	17 August 1967	Al Amiri	Last reigning Emir (1954–1967).	Hereditary
Fadhli	Nasser bin Abdullah	29 November 1967	Al Fadhli	Last reigning Sultan (1964–1967).	Hereditary
Haushabi	Faisal bin Surur	29 November 1967	Al Haushabi	Last reigning Sultan (1955–1967).	Hereditary
Kathiri	Husayn ibn Ali	2 October 1967	Al Kathir	Last reigning Sultan (1949–1967).	Hereditary
Lahej	Fadl VI ibn Ali	17 August 1967	Al Abdali	Last reigning Sultan (1958–1967).	Hereditary
Mahra	Abdullah ibn Ashur	16 October 1967	Al Mahri	Last reigning Sultan (1966–1967).	Hereditary
Qu'aiti	Ghalib II	17 September 1967	Al Qu'aiti	Last reigning Sultan (1966–1967).	Hereditary
Wahidi Balhaf	Ali ibn Muhammad	17 August 1967	Al Wahidi	Last governing Regent (during 1967).	Hereditary
Wahidi Bir Ali	Alawi ibn Salih	29 November 1967	Al Wahidi	Last reigning Sultan (1955–1967).	Hereditary
Wahidi Haban	Husayn ibn Abdullah	29 November 1967	Al Wahidi	Last reigning Sultan (until 1967).	Hereditary
Lower Yafa	Mahmud ibn Aidrus	28 August 1967	Al Afifi	Last reigning Sultan (until 1967).	Hereditary
Upper Yafa	Muhammad ibn Salih	29 November 1967	Harharah	Last reigning Sultan (1948–1967).	Hereditary

Indonesia

Nepal

State	Pretender	Since	House	Claim	Succession	Abolition	Refs
Nepal	Gyanendra	28 May 2008	Shah	Last reigning Maharajdhiraja (2001–2008).	Hereditary	2008
Bajhang	Binod Bikram	7 October 2008		Last reigning Raja (until 2008).	Hereditary
Bhirkot	Prakash	7 October 2008		Last reigning Raja (2002–2008).	Hereditary
Mustang	Jigme Palbar	7 October 2008	Bista	Last reigning Raja (1964–2008).	Hereditary
Salyan	Gopendra Bahadur	7 October 2008	Shah	Last reigning Raja (until 2008).	Hereditary

Traditional monarchies

America

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Panama	Naso	Disputed	30 May 2004	Santana	Elective and Hereditary

Asia

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Bangladesh	Bohmong	Raja Aung Shwe Pru		Chowdhury	Hereditary
	Chakma	Raja Debashish	12 November 1971	Roy	Hereditary
	Mong	Raja Saching Prue	17 January 2009	Chowdhury	Hereditary
East Timor	Oecusse	Liurai Antonio I	4 May 2001	Da Costa	Hereditary
India	Daher	Raja Tapatrao Anandrao		Rajput	Hereditary
	Gadhvi	Raja Yashwant Rao			Hereditary
	Linga	Raja Bhavarsingh			Hereditary
	Pimpri	Raja Trikamrao Sahebrao			Hereditary
	Vasurna	Raja Chandra Singh			Hereditary
Malaysia	Jelebu	Dato' Musa bin Abdul Wahab	4 February 1980	Sarin	Elective and Hereditary
	Johol	Dato' Muhammad bin ‘Abdul Ghani	13 March 2007	Gemencheh	Elective and Hereditary
	Rembau	Dato' Muhammad bin Sharif Othman	21 November 1998	Jakun	Elective and Hereditary
	Sungai Ujong	Dato' Mubarak bin Dohak	29 December 1993	Hulu	Elective and Hereditary
	Tampin	Tunku Besar Syed Razman	26 December 2005	Al Qadri	Hereditary

Indonesia

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Amanatun *	Usif Pah Gustaf	26 September 1996	Banunaek	Hereditary
	Amanuban *	Usif Pah Nesi	1980	Nope	Hereditary
	Amarasi *	Usif Pah Robert	1990	Koroh	Hereditary
	Amfoan *	Usif Pah Robert	27 September 2001	Manoch	Hereditary
	Arguni *	Raja Hanafi Pauspaus			Hereditary
	Asahan	Sultan Kamal Abrahim Abdul Jalil Rahmatsyah	17 May 1980	Pinangawan	Hereditary
	Bacan *	Sultan Gahral Adyan Syah	21 September 2009	Labuha	Hereditary
	Banggai	Tomundo Mohamad Fikran Ramadhan	27 January 2010	Awaluddin	Hereditary
	Bangkara *	Raja Sisingamangaraja XV	24 December 1972	Pasaribu	Hereditary
	Bangli *	Anak Agung Made Rai Rama	1961	Gelgel	Hereditary
	Banjarmasin *	Sultan Khairul Saleh		Banjar	Hereditary
	Banten *	Sultan Ismetullah Wase Al-Abbas		Surosowan	Hereditary
	Barnusa *	Raja Akbar Salim		Baso	Hereditary
	Barru *	Arung Hasanuddin Petta Tawang			Hereditary
	Batulolong *	Raja Constantijn	1996	Karimalei	Hereditary
	Biboki *	Usif Pah Johanis Tnesi Us		Boko	Hereditary
	Bima	Jena Teke Zulkarnain	17 June 2001	Dewa Dalam Bawa	Hereditary
	Bone *	Arumpone Baso Hamid		Bugis	Hereditary
	Buleleng	Anak Agung Ngurah Brawida	2 June 1978	Panji Sakti	Hereditary
	Bulungan *	Sultan Abdul Hamid	2 December 2008		Hereditary
	Buton *	Sultan Muhammad La Ode Manarfa Kaimuddin	1959		Hereditary
	Deli	Sultan Aria Lamanjiji	22 July 2005	Maimoon	Hereditary
	Denpasar	Tjokorda Ngurah Jambe	25 November 2005	Pemecutan	Hereditary
	Dompu *	Sultan Abdul Azis		Sirajuddin	Hereditary
	Fatagar	Raja Taufiq Heru	31 December 2009	Uswanas	Hereditary
	Gianyar *	Anak Agung Gde Agung II	22 April 1999		Hereditary
	Gowa *	Somba Andi Kumala Karaeng Sila	1978		Hereditary
	Gunung Tabur *	Sultan Iskandar Ayub		Berau	Hereditary
	Hitu *	Raja Salhana Pelu	21 March 2007	Hitulama	Hereditary
	Indragiri	Sultan Tengku Arief	1 February 1986		Hereditary
	Insana *	Usif Pah Theodorus	1991	Taolin	Hereditary
	Jailolo	Sultan Abdullah Syah	January 2002		Hereditary
	Kacirebonan	Sultan Abdul Gani Natadiningrat III	28 October 1997	Kacirebonan	Hereditary
	Kaimana *	Rat Umis Abdul Hakim Achmad	1980	Aituarauw	Hereditary
	Kanoman	Sultan Muhammad Emiruddin	6 March 2003	Kanoman	Hereditary
	Karangasem	Anak Agung Gde Agung Putra Agung	9 April 2009	Karangasem	Hereditary
	Kasepuhan	Sultan Sepuh XIII	14 May 1989	Kasepuhan	Hereditary
	Kesiman *	Tjokorda Ngurah Kusuma Wardhana	1989	Kesiman	Hereditary
	Kisar *	Raja Johannis		Bakker	Hereditary
	Kolana *	Raja Yusuf Makunimau		Taruwamang	Hereditary
	Klungkung *	Dewa Agung Gde Agung	1998	Dewa Agung	Hereditary
	Kotawaringin *	Pangeran Ratu Muasyidin Syah	1975		Hereditary
	Kubu *	Tuan Besar Syarif Rafik	4 March 2008	Al Aidarus	Hereditary
	Kui *	Raja Kaharuddin		Kinanggi	Hereditary
	Kupang	Usif Pah Leopold Isu	14 November 1992	Nisnoni	Elective and Hereditary
	Kutai	Sultan Muhammad Salehuddin II	22 September 2001	Kutai	Hereditary
	Lamakera *	Raja Abdul Gafur Ibrahim Dasi	1987		Hereditary
	Lamaknen *	Loro Josef Kalimau	16 October 2003	Bunak	Elective and Hereditary
	Landak	Pangeran Ratu Suryansyah Amiruddin	24 January 2000	Ismahayana	Hereditary
	Langkat	Sultan Azwar Abdul Jalil Rahmatsyah	21 May 2003		Hereditary
	Lohayong *	Raja Achmad Kalake	1977		Hereditary
	Loloda *	Jogugu Lutfi Muhammad	30 August 2009	Syamsuddin	Hereditary
	Luwu *	Datu Iwan Alamsyah Bau Djemma Barue	2006	Bugis	Hereditary
	Mamuju *	Maradia Maksum Dai			Hereditary
	Mangkunegaran	Mangku Negara IX	3 September 1987	Mangku Negara	Hereditary
	Matan *	Pangeran Ratu Uti Iwan Kusnadi			Hereditary
	Mempawah	Pangeran Ratu Mulawangsa Adijaya	12 August 2002	Amantubillah	Hereditary
	Miomaffo *	Raja Alfons	1986	Kono	Hereditary
	Mollo *	Usif Pah Edison	12 August 2001	Oematan	Hereditary
	Mori *	Mokole Kumampu Marunduh			Hereditary
	Namatota *	Raja Hayum Ombaier		Kowiai	Hereditary
	Noimuti *	Usif Pah António II		Da Costa	Hereditary
	Pagaruyung *	Raja Alam Muhammad Taufik Thaib	10 June 2007	Minangkabau	Hereditary
	Pakualaman	Paku Alam IX	26 May 1999	Paku Alam	Hereditary
Pelalawan	Tengku Besar Assaidissyarif Kamaruddin	7 August 2008		Hereditary
Palembang	Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin III	19 November 2006		Hereditary
Pamecutan	Tjokorda Ngurah Manik Parisara	1986	Pemecutan	Hereditary
Pandai *	Raja Baharuddin Pelaboka			Hereditary
Pasir *	Pangeran Ratu Aji Abdul Rasyid	2000	Belengkong	Hereditary
Patipi *	Rat Umis Ahmad Iba			Hereditary
Pontianak	Sultan Syarif Abubakar	15 January 2004	Al Kadri	Hereditary
Riau-Lingga *	Sultan Abdul Rahman	8 April 1964	Bendahara	Hereditary
Rumbati	Raja Abubakar Saleh Bauw	8 January 2010	Rumbati	Hereditary
Salawati *	Raja Bapak Taher Arfan			Hereditary
Sambaliung	Sultan Fachruddin	19 October 2009	Berau	Hereditary
Sambas	Pangeran Ratu Muhammad Tarhan	3 February 2008	Alwatzkubillah	Hereditary
Sanggau	Pangeran Ratu Arman Surya	26 July 2009	Suryanegara	Hereditary
Sanrabone	Karaeng Ali Mallongbasi	25 July 2008	Sanrabone	Hereditary
Sekadau	Pangeran Agung Muhammad Efendi	28 February 2009		Hereditary
Selimbau *	Panembahan Muhammad Asbi		Assidiqi	Hereditary
Serdang	Sultan Bashar Syah II	28 January 2001		Hereditary
Siak	Sultan Nasir Abduldjalil Saifuddin VI	23 April 1968	Syihab	Hereditary
Siguntur *	Sultan Hendri Tuanku Bagindo	1968	Siguntur	Hereditary
Simpang	Sultan Muhammad Jamaluddin II	31 May 2008		Hereditary
Sintang	Panembahan Kusuma Negara V	26 September 2005	Kusumanegara	Hereditary
Soya *	Raja Lodewijk	9 December 2005	Rehatta	Hereditary and Elective
Soppeng *	Datu Andi Unru Mappanjantji			Hereditary
Sumbawa *	Sultan Muhammad Abdurahman		Kaharuddin	Hereditary
Surakarta	Susuhunan Pakubuwono XIII	10 September 2004	Pakubuwono	Hereditary
Tabanan *	Tjokorda Anglurah	21 March 2008		Hereditary
Tallo *	Karaeng Abdul Rauf Maro			Hereditary
Ternate	Sultan Mudaffar Syah II	29 November 1986		Hereditary
Tidore	Sultan Djafar Syah	22 April 1999		Hereditary
Tulehu *	Raja John Saleh	13 February 2003	Ohorella	Hereditary
Ubud	Tjokorda Gde Putra	20 July 1978	Sukawati	Hereditary
Wetuar	Raja Musa	15 April 1988	Heremba	Hereditary

Notes

Africa

America

1. The Imperial Family of Brazil is descended from the Houses of Bragança and Orléans. The current line of succession is disputed between two branches: the Vassouras branch, headed by Prince Luís, and the Petrópolis branch, headed by Prince Pedro Carlos.
2. The current line of succession to the Mexican throne is descended from the Houses of Iturbide and Habsburg, which respectively ruled the First (1822–1823) and Second (1864–1867) Empires of Mexico. Succession in the Habsburg line passed to the Iturbide family through Emperor Maximilian I's formal adoption of Agustín de Iturbide y Green and Salvador de Iturbide y Marzán, two grandsons of Emperor Agustín I.
3. The Hereditary Chief of the Miskito Nation was elected by the Council of State from amongst the closest male blood relatives of the previous ruler.
4. A self-proclaimed monarchy, never recognised by any other state. The loosely-governed Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia (or New France) was established in 1860 by the Frenchman Orélie-Antoine de Tounens, in partnership with the native Mapuche chiefs. He was captured and deported by Chilean and Argentinean forces in 1862.
5. The most recent (since 31 May 1998) king (or pru), Tito, was deposed by a vote of no confidence in the Leadership Council, and was replaced (on 30 May 2004) by Valentín. The former, who is no longer in office, has disputed the legality of the deposition, and still claims the title. The new king has not yet been recognised by the government of Panama.
6. Succession is determined by the vote of the general adult population. An election for a new monarch may take place upon any occasion in which an eligible member of the royal family wishes to be considered. Until recently, the traditional law of succession followed a pattern similar to the rota system.

Asia

Middle East

1. ^ Had previously reigned as sultan prior to the monarchy's abolition in 1967.
2. Nasir previously reigned as sultan from 1947 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967.
3. Awad previously reigned as sultan from 1935 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967.
4. Salih previously reigned as emir from his birth, in 1935, until the monarchy was deposed in 1967.
5. Cite error: The named reference Quraysh was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
6. Shafaul previously reigned as emir from 1954 until the monarchy was deposed in 1967.
7. Nasser previously reigned as sultan from 1964 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967.
8. Faisal previously reigned as sultan from 1955 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967.
9. Also known as Seiyun or Say'un after its capital city.
10. Husayn previously reigned as sultan from 24 April 1949 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967.
11. Fadl VI previously reigned as sultan from 8 December 1958 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967. Immediately prior to his formal ascension to the throne, he had served as acting sultan since 10 July 1958.
12. Also known as Qishn and Socotra, after its capital city and the island of Socotra.
13. Abdullah previously reigned as sultan from 1966 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967.
14. A clan of the Afrar tribe.
15. Also known as Shihr and Mukalla, after its two capital cities: Ash Shihr and Al Mukalla.
16. Ghalib II previously reigned as sultan from 10 October 1966 until the monarchy was deposed in 1967.
17. Known as Balhaf and Azzan from 1881, signifying Balhaf's merge with Wahidi Azzan. Known simply as Wahidi from 1962, when the sultanates of Wahidi Bir Ali and Wahidi Haban were made subordinate.
18. Prince Ali held the position of hakim (regent) from 20 February 1967 until the sultanate's abolition in August of the same year. He was never crowned sultan.
19. Alawi previously reigned as sultan from 1955 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967. Before his reign ended, he was made subordinate to the Sultan of Balhaf and Azzan on 23 October 1962.
20. Husayn had previously reigned as sultan prior to the monarchy's abolition in 1967. Before his reign ended, he was made subordinate to the Sultan of Balhaf and Azzan on 23 October 1962.
21. ^ A clan of the Yafa tribe. The Yafai are divided into ten sheikhdoms that were spread across the former sultanates of Lower Yafa and Upper Yafa.
22. Muhammad previously reigned as sultan from 1948 until the monarchy was deposed in 1967.

Indonesia

1. Known within his community as "Gia".
2. ^ An Atoni dynasty.
3. The royal family of Amarasi was originally an Atoni dynasty. However, the current lineage (the Koroh family) is descended from the Dj'awa dynasty of Savu.
4. Became head of the royal family upon the death of his father on 6 April 1980.
5. This sultan has died. His date of death is 21 September 2009. Please find the name of his successor.
6. The present tomundo, born in 1993, is a minor. His uncle, the Raja Muda Irwan Zaman Awaluddin, currently acts as regent.
7. Also commonly written as Bakkara.
8. Also known by his birth name, Tonggo Tua Sinambela. It is unclear whether or not he has been officially recognised, or even installed.
9. A Batak dynasty.
10. Sovereignty in Barnusa was historically divided between two ruling clans: the Baso and the Blegur, the leaders of which both wore the title Raja of Barnusa. The Blegur family was later given the lesser title Kapitan of Barnusa by the Dutch colonial government. The title remains hereditary and prestige is traditionally divided equally. The current Kapitan is Bastian C. Blegur (since 1973).
11. Pending his formal coronation as Sultan Bima XV, Iskandar Zulkarnain wears the title of crown prince. Currently acting as princess regent (since May 2001) is his aunt, Siti Maryam Salahuddin.
12. Later also known as Bone Saoraja, or the Bugis Sultanate.
13. ^ A branch of the Gelgel dynasty.
14. Also written as Butung or Boeton.
15. The present sultan, born in 1997, is a minor. His grand uncle, the Raja Muda Tengku Hamdi, currently acts as regent.
16. ^ The rajas of Denpasar and Pamecutan, two dynastical divisions of the formerly unified kingdom of Badung, both use the hereditary regnal name "Pemecutan". Ngurah Jambe of Denpasar is formally referred to as Pemecutan IX, while Ngurah Manik of Pamecutan is known as Pemecutan XI. The numerical appendages are not interconnected.
17. ^ A branch of the Badung dynasty.
18. The royal family of Fatagar is descended from the Rumbati dynasty.
19. Also known after its capital Makassar.
20. ^ Local translation of the raja's title is Upu Latu.
21. Known within his community as "Olis".
22. ^ A branch of the Cirebon dynasty. In 1662, the sultanate of Cirebon was divided between three branches of the ruling dynasty: (in order of seniority) Kasepuhan, Kanoman, and Kacirebonan.
23. Also known as Adi.
24. A Kowiai dynasty.
25. Following the death of the previous sultan, Muhammad Djalaluddin, a dispute of succession arose between two of his sons. Muhammad Emiruddin, the current occupant of the palace, is the rightful heir to his father according to the relevant laws of succession. He was actively opposed by his elder half-brother, Muhammad Saladin, who was "installed" by his supporters on 5 March 2003. Whether the dispute still exists is unclear; according to some sources, the local government has recognised Emiruddin as the sole successor.
26. Kupang, named after its capital, was formed as a confederation of Timorese fiefdoms: Amabi, Funai, Sonbai Kecil, Taebenu, and the Helong. Leopold Isu Nisnoni is presently the chief of Sonbai Kecil, and has also been accepted as regent of the confederacy. He has not, however, been officially installed as king. The other current chiefs are: Gideon Broery of Amabi, and Esthon Leyloh of Funai (also spelled Foenay). The present chief of the Helong nation is Soleman Bislissin. They are all hereditary positions.
27. Kutai Kartanegara Ing Martadipura was officially revived as a traditional polity in 1999. Muhammad Salehuddin II has been legally recognised as sultan by the government of Indonesia since that time, although he had held the title in pretence since 1992. His formal coronation took place in 2001.
28. ^ A Dayak dynasty.
29. While the elected loros do not belong to any one royal lineage, succession has historically been limited to the Bunak people.
30. Lamaknen was formed as a confederation of small Timorese fiefdoms. Its monarch is elected by the hereditary chiefs of each constituent state. The chiefs themselves are not normally considered candidates for election.
31. Also written as Lawayong.
32. ^ A branch of the Kartasura dynasty.
33. Also uses the regnal title Panembahan XIII.
34. ^ A Bugis dynasty.
35. Originally subordinate to the Sonbai kingdom under the name of Amakono.
36. The name is also written Namatotathe or Namatotte.
37. The Pagaruyung kingdom was traditionally headed by a tripartite monarchy, consisting of the Raja Alam, the Raja Adat and the Raja Ibadat, collectively known as the "Kings of the Three Seats". The latter two were religious titles, while the first was considered the paramount ruler (or emperor) of the temporal world.
38. Also known as Patipithe.
39. Ahmad Iba, brother of the previous raja, is presently regent of Patipi. The Raja Muda Atarai Iba is expected to be installed as raja in the future.
40. Also known as the Alkadrie, Kadriah, or Kadariah dynasty.
41. The current dynasty is descended from the royal family of Terengganu, and are of mixed Malay and Bugis descent. Historically, the sultan's family, who were Malay, was based in Lingga, whilst a viceroy, who was always of Bugis descent, governed the Riau Islands. The two ruling lines merged in 1899.
42. Salawati was one of four vassal kingdoms in the Raja Ampat Islands, created by the Sultan of Tidore. The others were Misool, Waigama and Waigeu.
43. Muhammad Tarhan succeeded as head of the royal family following the death of his father in 2008. Like his father, however, he has not been formally installed as sultan, and instead presently acts as prince regent. He is also a minor, born in 1993.
44. Also known as Bone Takalar.
45. A branch of the Gowa dynasty.
46. Also known after its capital, Siak Sri Indrapura.
47. Also commonly written as Sampang.
48. Mohammed Ikhsani Shafiuddin was officially installed as Panembahan Sri Kusuma Negara V in 2005. Prior to that, he had held the title in pretence, and his succession to the title had been officially recognised by the Indonesian government on 17 September 2003.
49. Lodewijk was elected as Raja of Soya on 24 May 2005. He was officially installed later, in December of the same year.
50. Also commonly known as Solo.
51. Upon the death of Pakubuwono XII in 2004, with no successor named, there arose two rival claims to the throne. Two of his sons, Hangabehi and Tejowulan, each had themselves "crowned" as the next Susuhunan. The dispute likely still exists, although family consensus apparently favours the elder brother, Hangabehi. In either case, both claimants would use the regnal name of Pakubuwono XIII.
52. Since 1380, the rulers of Ternate have also held the title Kolano Maloko, which denotes supremacy among the Moluccan sultanates. Prior to then it had been worn by the ruler of Jailolo.
53. Mudaffar Syah was officially installed as sultan in 1986. Prior to that, he had held the title in pretence as head of his household since 4 July 1975.
54. Pak Putra is the eldest son of Tjokorda Gde Agung Sukawati, the previous head of the royal family and the last recognised king of Ubud. He succeeded as head of the family on 20 July 1978, following the death of his father. He has not yet been installed as king, however, and instead presently serves as prince regent.

Nepal

1. Gyanendra reigned as King of Nepal between 7 November 1950 and 8 January 1951, and again from 4 June 2001 until the monarchy was abolished in 2008.
2. ^ Members of the Shah dynasty of Nepal are descended from the Parmar clan of Rajputs from the former state of Narsinghgarh in modern India.
3. ^ Succession to the throne, whilst hereditary, is also subject to confirmation from the reigning King of Nepal.
4. Prakash reigned as raja from 13 November 2002 until 2008, when the constituent monarchies of Nepal were abolished.
5. A Tibetan kingdom known locally as Lo, the name "Mustang" is actually a Nepalese corruption of Manthang, the state's capital. Its ruler was styled Raja of Mustang by the Nepalese, and Lo rGyal-po (King of Lo) in Tibetan.
6. Jigme reigned as raja from 1964 until 2008, when the constituent monarchies of Nepal were abolished.
7. The surname "Bista" was adopted by the last reigning raja and his family.
8. According to some sources, Gopendra died prior to May 2003.

Others

1. The Bohmong Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Marma population, and the traditional king of the Bohmong Circle (Arvumi), one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
2. The Chakma Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Chakma population, and the traditional king of the Chakma Circle (Ramytte), one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
3. The Mong Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Arakanese population, and the traditional king of the Mong Circle (Phalang Htaung), one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
4. After the neighbouring kingdom of Ambeno was annexed in 1912, it changed its name to Oecusse-Ambeno.
5. Antonio was recognised as liurai in 2001, but has not yet been officially installed. He presently acts as regent.
6. ^ A Topass dynasty.
7. The kings of the five traditional states known collectively as the Dangs are the only royals in India whose titles are recognised by the government. Each raja receives an annual pension from the state, owing to an agreement made with the British colonial government in 1842.
8. The current Raja of Gadhvi has been missing since 1992. His son and heir, Karan Singh, is presently acting as prince regent.
9. These five traditional chiefdoms are part of the confederacy of Negeri Sembilan, a federated state of Malaysia. The ruling chiefs of Jelebu, Johol, Rembau, and Sungai Ujong form the Undang Laut, who will decide the next Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan. Tampin is a separate hereditary principality.
10. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the three highest noble families: the Waris Ulu Jelebu, Waris Sarin, and Waris Kemin.
11. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the male descendants of the first ruler, following the matrilineal line.
12. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the direct descendants of two noble families: the Waris Jakun and Waris Jawa. The position is, by informal agreement, alternated between the heads of the two houses.
13. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the direct descendants of two noble families: the Waris Hulu and Waris Hilir.
14. The Yang di-Pertuan Muda (prince) succeeds according to the laws of male primogeniture, but must also receive confirmation from the reigning Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.

Europe

Oceania

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Bibliography

• Cahoon, Ben (2010). "World Statesmen.org". Retrieved 2010-04-19. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Soszynski, Henry (2010). "Genealogical Gleanings". University of Queensland. Retrieved 2010-04-19. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Buyers, Christopher (2010). "The Royal Ark". Retrieved 2010-04-19. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

External links