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File:Nawab2.jpg
Nawab of Kalabagh Malik Amir Muhammad Khan (1910-1967), Ex-Governor West Pakistan

Malik (Template:Lang-ar) is an Arabic word meaning king. It has been adopted in various other, mainly Islamized or Arabized, Asian languages for their ruling princes and to render kings elsewhere. It is also sometimes used in derived meanings. Malik is one of the names of Allah; "King" in the absolute sense. Alternative forms are Malek and Maalik. The female version of Malik is Malikah (Template:Lang-ar) (or its Persian language equivalent Malekeh), meaning "queen".

Afghanistan & Pakistan

The term malik is used in Afghanistan and the tribal areas of Pakistan, especially among Pashtuns, for a tribal leader or a chieftain. Maliks serve as de facto arbiters in local conflicts, interlocutors in state policy-making, tax-collectors, heads of village and town councils and delegates to provincial and national jirgas as well as to Parliament.

Khatris of the South Asia

It is also used by Kukhran Khatris of India and Pakistan

where there are Khatri families in Multan which are addressed as Malik or Raiszada.

Among Muhammadans the term Malik is applied to the chief men among the Khokhars, Vainses and some other clans

Hazara Devision Tanoli Malik

Among Tanoli and Awan Term Malik is applied to the chief of villages or notable personalities Nawab Khalli Maliks are the sons of Rais e Azam Nawab Khan The related word mülük ("maluk") has in Turkish the meaning of "ruler" (padişahlar "padishah", krallar "caesar"). The cognate Hebrew word melekh (מֶלֶךְ‏) has the same meaning, and the name of the pagan god Moloch is derived from the same Proto-Semitic root *malk-.

Notable persons

File:Ayub khan at school.jpg
Nawab Malik Amir Muhammad Khan (Ruler Of Kalabagh) (left) with president Ayub Khan (right)
  • Malik Barkat Ali, (Lahore 1886-1946) a Muslim Indian politician, lawyer, journalist and an academic professor. He was elected to India's parliament in 1937 for the Muslim League. Apart from Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan, he was the only candidate to have succeeded in winning a seat for the Muslim League in the 1937 elections.
  • Nauman Malik, great-grandson of Malik Barkat Ali and a prominent banker. Experienced in the financial markets of South-Asia, Middle East and North America.
  • Malik A Qaum , Attorney General of Pakistan. Justice of Punjab who was appointed to investigate the irregularities in international Cricket.
  • Malik Hashmat, Director APMC, Toronto Canada.
  • Malik Muhammad Omar, Ex Ad-Commissioner, Mandi Bhauddin Div, Government of Punjab.
  • Haji Malik Orangzeb of village Bratt, ex councilor Union Council Lassan Thakreal, Mansehra
  • Malik Feroze Awan, retired Police Officer
  • Malik Farooq Riaz, DVM from UVAS Lahore
  • Mohammed Bashir Awan, WAPDA Officer
  • Malik Muhammad Faisal Javed, Tier 1 Analyst, SNL Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd.
  • Munsif Khan, Retired Officer
  • Shabbir Ahmed Awan, Lawyer of Supreme Court of Pakistan, well known for his honesty.
  • Saadia Malik, Lawyer Lahore High Court, Lahore. Pakistan
  • Malik Ghulam Muhammad, Retired Major Pakistan Army, Rajowal Nou, Kasur
  • MALIK MASOOD AWAN worker of Dawood Hercolesse Chemicals pvt 25 Lahore road

Political

Primarily a malik is the ruling monarch of a kingdom, called mamlaka, title used by the former slaves aka Mamluks (مملوك) royal dynasty of Egypt; that term is however also used in a broader sense, like realm, for rulers with another, generally lower titles, as in Sahib al-Mamlaka. Malik is also used for tribal leaders, e.g. among the Pashtuns.

Although monarchy is sometimes viewed as a non-Islamic form of government, some Arab kingdoms are presently ruled by a Malik:

Other historic realms under a Malik include:

In Mughal and colonial India, the princely state of Zainabad was ruled by a Malek Shri (Shri is an emphatical honorific without intrinsic meaning).

The title Malik has also been used in languages which adopted Arabic loanwords (mainly, not exclusively, in Muslim cultures), for various princely or lower ranks and functions.

  • In miaphysite Armenia, the title of Melik was bestowed upon princes who ruled various principalities, often referred to as Melikdoms.
  • In Orthodox Georgia, among the numerous Grandees:
    • In the fourth class, (Sul-didibuli-tavadi) of the Kingdom of Kartli, commanders of banners (drosha), sixth and last in that class, the Malik of Somkheti (Somkheti-meliki).
    • In the sixth class, Grandees of the second class (mtavari) of the Kingdom of Kartli, ranking first of the second subclass, Grandees under the Prince of Sabaratiano: the Malik of Lori, head of the house of Melikishvili.

The word Malik is sometimes used in Arabic to render roughly equivalent titles of foreign rulers, for instance the chronicler Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad refers to King Richard I of England as Malik al-Inkitar.

  • In Pakistan Tanoli head of Village are called Malik in Villages

Divine

  • It is also one of the Names of God in the Qur'an, and is then al-Malik (الملك) or The King, Lord of the Worlds in the absolute sense (denoted by the definite article), meaning the King of Kings, above all earthly rulers.
    • Hence, Abdelmelik ("servant of the King ") is an Arabic male name.
  • In Biblical Hebrew, Moloch is either the name of a god or the name of a particular kind of sacrifice associated historically with Phoenician and related cultures in North Africa and the Levant.
  • Melqart ("king of the city") was a Phoenician and Punic god.
  • The Melkites (from Syriac malkāyâ, ܡܠܟܝܐ, "imperial") are the members of several Christian churches of the Middle East, originally those who sided with the Byzantine emperor.

Compound and derived titles

  • Malika is the female derivation, a term of Arabic origin used in Persia as the title for a Queen consort (i.e. not ruling, which no Islamic state's tradition does allow to women). Frequently also used as part of a lady's name, e.g. Malika-i-Jahan 'Queen of the World'.
  • Sahib us-Sumuw al-Malik (female Sahibat us-Sumuw al-Malik) is an Arabic title for His/Her Royal Highness, notably for Princes in the dynasty of the Malik of Egypt

The following components are frequently part of titles, notably in Persian (also used elsewhere, e.g. in India's Moghol tradition):

  • - ul-Mulk (or ul-Molk): - of the kingdom; e.g. Malik Usman Khan, who served the Sultan of Gujarat as Governor of Lahore, received the title of Zubdat ul-Mulk 'best of the kingdom' as a hereditary distinction, which was retained as part of the style of his heirs, the ruling Diwans (only since 1910 promoted to Nawab) of Palanpur.
  • - ul-Mamaluk (plural of ul-mulk): - of the kingdoms.

In the great Indian Muslim salute state of Hyderabad, a first rank- vassal of the Mughal padshah (emperor) imitating his lofty Persian court protocol, the word Molk became on itself one of the titles used for ennobled Muslim retainers of the ruling Nizam's court, in fact the third in rank, only below Jah (the highest) and Umara, but above Daula, Jang, Nawab, Khan Bahadur and Khan; for the Nizam's Hindu retainers different titles were used, the equivalent of Molk being Vant.

Other uses

By analogy, the word malik is also used in the weaker meaning of 'chief' in various modest titles, such as, in Persian:

  • Malik ul-Shu'ara: 'King of the Poets'; i.e. poet laureate.
  • Malik ul-Tujjar: 'King of the Merchants', an office held by the head of the merchant community in each town or city.

In the Punjab, "Malik" was one of the titles used by local aristocrats, more formally known as Zamindars, under both the Mughals and the British, and to some degree still in present-day Pakistan.

Like many prestigious titles, Malik or Malek is a common element in first and family names, usually without any aristocratic meaning. For example, Awan Malik is a large community in Pakistan with Arab heritage. Malik is used both as title and surname in Pakistan.

In Yu-Gi-Oh! Marik, the Japanese form of Malik, is one of the main villains. This is also another name for Yami Marik, Marik's darker half.

It is also used as a surname.

Sources and external links

See also

  • The name of the Maluku islands (Indonesia) is thought to have been derived from the Arab trader's term for the region, Jazirat al-Muluk ('the land of many kings').
  • The local name of the Minicoy (India), Maliku is also thought to have been derived from the Arab trader's term for the island, Jazirat al-Maliku ('the island of the king'). Since it was the ancient capital of Lakshadweepa.

References

  1. ^ Gazetteer of the Multan District 1923-24 published by Sang-E-Meel Publications and Page 139
  2. Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300, 2nd Edition. London: MacMillan. p. 24. ISBN 0-333-57689-6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. Lutfy, Mohamed Ibrahim. Thaareekhuge therein Lakshadheebu
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