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Revision as of 19:05, 6 November 2010 by Beetstra (talk | contribs) (Script assisted update of identifiers from ChemSpider, CommonChemistry and FDA for the Chem/Drugbox validation project - Updated: InChI1 InChIKey1 SMILES.)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name Silicon monoxide | |
| Systematic IUPAC name oxidanylsilanylidyne | |
| Other names Oxosilylene | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.030.198 
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| EC Number |
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| Gmelin Reference | 382 |
| MeSH | Silicon+monoxide |
| PubChem CID | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
InChI
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SMILES
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| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | SiO |
| Molar mass | 44.0849 g/mol |
| Appearance | brown-black glassy solid |
| Density | 2.13 g/cm |
| Melting point | 1702 °C |
| Boiling point | 1880 °C |
| Solubility in water | insoluble |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) |
 |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Silicon sulfide Silicon selenide Silicon telluride |
| Other cations | Carbon monoxide Germanium(II) oxide Tin(II) oxide Lead(II) oxide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
 Y verify (what is ?)
Infobox references
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Silicon monoxide is the chemical compound with the formula SiO. In the vapour phase it is a diatomic molecule. It has been detected in stellar objects (e.g.) and it has been described as the most common oxide of silicon in the universe.
When SiO gas is cooled rapidly it condenses to form a glassy brown/black amorphous solid which is available commercially and used to deposit films of SiO, which oxidize in air giving SiO2.
Molecular SiO
When SiO2 is heated with silicon, gaseous SiO is produced:
- SiO2 + Si → 2SiO
Silica can be removed from ores or minerals by heating with silicon to produce gaseous SiO.
Refractories containing SiO2 can be corroded by reduction with H2 or CO at high temperatures e.g.:
- SiO2 + H2 → SiO + H2O
SiO decomposes rapidly:
- 2SiO → SiO2 + Si
Matrix isolated SiO
Silicon monoxide has been trapped in an argon matrix cooled by helium and the Si-O bond length determined from molecules trapped in argon matrix is 148.9 pm. The bond length is similar to that in linear, molecular, SiO2 and there is no indication of a triple bond as in CO.
SiO dimers, trimers and tetramers have been detected that all have (Si-O)n ring structures and contain no Si-Si bonds.
SiO condensed with F2, Cl2 or COS, followed by irradiation with light, the planar molecules OSiF2,(Si-O 148 pm); OSiCl2, (Si-O 149 pm) and linear OSiS (Si-O 149 pm, Si-S 190 pm) are produced.
SiO condensed with oxygen atoms generated by microwave discharge produces molecular SiO2 which has a linear structure.
When metal atoms are codeposited (i.e. Na, Al, Pd, Ag, Au) triatomic molecules are produced with linear, (AlSiO and PdSiO), non-linear (AgSiO and AuSiO), and ring (NaSiO) structures.
Solid SiO
Recent work suggests that the commercially available solid form is best considered as an inhomogenous mixture of SiO2 and Si with evidence of bonding at the interface of the Si and SiO2 phases.
References
- ^ Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, ISBN 0-12-352651-5
- A survey of SiO 5 -> 4 emission towards outflows from massive young stellar objects, Gibb, A. G.; Davis, C. J.; Moore, T. J. T., Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 382, 3, 1213-1224,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12455.x, arXiv:0709.3088v1
- ^ Peter Jutzi, Ulrich Schubert, (2003), Silicon chemistry: from the atom to extended systems, Wiley-VCH ISBN 3527306471
- Charles A. Schacht Refractories handbook (2004), CRC Press, ISBN 0824756541
- Some comments on so-called silicon monoxide, Friede B., Jansen M., Journal of Non-Crystalline solids , 204, 2, (1996), 202-203, doi:10.1016/S0022-3093(96)00555-8
- TEM investigation on the structure of amorphous silicon monoxide, Schulmeister K. and Mader W., Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 320, 1-3, (2003), 143-150, doi:10.1016/S0022-3093(03)00029-2