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Piperonyl butoxide

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Piperonyl butoxide
Piperonyl butoxide
Names
IUPAC name 5- -6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.070 Edit this at Wikidata
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
SMILES
  • CCCCOCCOCCOCC1=CC2=C(C=C1CCC)OCO2
Properties
Chemical formula C19H30O5
Molar mass 338.438 g/mol
Density 1.05 g/cm
Boiling point 155 °C
Hazards
Flash point 170 °C
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a pesticide synergist. It does not, by itself have pesticidal properties. However, when added to insecticide mixtures, typically pyrethrin, pyrethroid, and carbamate insecticides, their potency is increased considerably.

Piperonyl butoxide is a potent cytochrome P450 and non-specific esterase inhibitor. These enzyme families act as the principal detoxification pathways for many pests, and so inhibiting them allows higher unmetabolised systemic concentrations of the active insecticide to remain within the target animal for a longer period.

Piperonyl butoxide is moderately stable, and is a semisynthetic derivative of safrole.

It is debatable whether the substance is oncogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic in humans. Its acute oral and dermal toxicity in mammals is low

A 2011 study found a significant association between piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a common additive in pyrethroid formulations, measured in personal air collected during the third trimester of pregnancy, and delayed mental development at 36 months. Children who were more highly exposed in personal air samples (≥4.34 ng/m3) scored 3.9 points lower on the Mental Developmental Index than those with lower exposures. The lead researcher stated, "This drop in IQ points is similar to that observed in lead exposure. While perhaps not impacting an individual's overall function, it is educationally meaningful and could shift the distribution of children in the society who would be in need of early intervention services."

References

  1. National Pesticide Information Center - Piperonyl Butoxide General Fact Sheet
  2. National Pesticide Information Center - Piperonyl Butoxide Technical Fact Sheet
  3. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110210103715.htm

Moores, G. D., Philippou, D., Borzatta, V., Trincia, P., Jewess, P., Gunning, R., Bingham, G. An analogue of piperonyl butoxide facilitates the characterisation of metabolic resistance. Pest Manag. Sci. 65: 150-154 (2009).

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