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Sodium formate

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Sodium formate
Structural formula of sodium formate
Structural formula of sodium formate
Ball-and-stick model of the formate anion
Ball-and-stick model of the formate anion
The sodium cation
The sodium cation
Names
Other names formic acid, sodium salt
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.990 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 205-488-0
E number E237 (preservatives)
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/CH2O2.Na/c2-1-3;/h1H,(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1Key: HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M
  • InChI=1/CH2O2.Na/c2-1-3;/h1H,(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1Key: HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-REWHXWOFAN
SMILES
  • .C=O
Properties
Chemical formula HCOONa
Molar mass 68.01 g/mol
Appearance white granules
deliquescent
Density 1.92 g/cm (20°C)
Melting point 253 °C
Boiling point decomposes
Solubility in water 97 g/100 mL (20°C)
Solubility insoluble in ether
soluble in glycerol, alcohol
Acidity (pKa) 7.0-8.5 (0.1M)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability (red): no hazard codeInstability (yellow): no hazard codeSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Sodium formate, HCOONa, is the sodium salt of formic acid, HCOOH. It usually appears as a white deliquescent powder.

Uses

Sodium formate is used in several fabric dyeing and printing processes. It is also used as a buffering agent for strong mineral acids to increase their pH, and as a food additive (E237).

Preparation

Sodium formate can be prepared in the laboratory by neutralizing formic acid with sodium carbonate. It can also be obtained by reacting chloroform with an alcoholic solution of sodium hydroxide.

CHCl3 + 4NaOH → HCOONa + 3NaCl + 2H2O

or by reacting sodium hydroxide with chloral hydrate.

C2HCl3(OH)2 + NaOH → CHCl3 + HCOONa + H2O

The latter method is, in general, preferred to the former because the low aqueous solubility of CHCl3 makes it easier to separate out from the sodium formate solution, by fractional crystallization, than the soluble NaCl would be.

For commercial use, sodium formate is produced by absorbing carbon monoxide under pressure in solid sodium hydroxide at 160 °C.

CO + NaOH → HCOONa

Sodium formate may also be created via the haloform reaction between ethanol and sodium hypochlorite in the presence of a base. This procedure is well documented for the preparation of chloroform.

See also

References

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