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Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were notorious robbers and criminals who traveled the central United States during the Great Depression. Their exploits, along with those of other criminals such as John Dillinger and Ma Barker, were known nationwide. They captivated the attention of the American press and its readership during what is sometimes referred to as the "public enemy era" — between 1931 and 1935, a period which led to the formation of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Though remembered as bank robbers, they generally were not — Barrow preferred small stores or gas stations, generally.
Bonnie Parker
Parker was born October 1, 1910, in Rowena, Texas, the second of three children. She married on September 25, 1926, but the pairing was short-lived. Noted for homesickness throughout her adult life, she longed to be near her mother. Her husband soon drifted away and in 1929, they were through. Although her husband was sentenced to five years in prison shortly thereafter, they never divorced, and Bonnie was wearing his wedding ring when she died.
Often portrayed as Clyde Barrow's equal in crime, Bonnie's role in the many robberies, murders, and auto thefts of the Barrow gang was apparently quite limited. There is no reliable evidence that she ever shot anyone, nor was there any warrant alleging she committed any murder at the time she was ambushed and killed. Gang members W.D. Jones and Ralph Fults claimed Bonnie was strictly "logistical support" (see John Neal Phillips book, Running with Bonnie & Clyde: The Ten Fast Years of Ralph Fults) Fults was adamant Bonnie never fired a shot in any of the gunbattles the gang was a part of. Also, in the same book , W.D. Jones made the statement (as he had under Oath to the authorities), "Bonnie never packed a gun, out of the five major gun battles I was with them she never fired a gun." Writing with Phillip Steele in The Family Story of Bonnie and Clyde, Marie Barrow, Clyde's youngest sister, made the same claim: "Bonnie never fired a shot. She just followed my brother no matter where he went." John Treherne made the same claim in his well-sourced book The Strange History of Bonnie & Clyde where he essentially found that Bonnie was madly in love with a psychopath, and followed him to her death. No jurisdiction checked by Treherne, or E.R. Milner, showed warrants for Bonnie Parker for murder.
In her book about her year with Bonnie and Clyde, Blanche Barrow, while confirming that Bonnie never killed anyone during any of the gangs crimes, does make the only accusation that Bonnie ever even fired a gun that hit anyone, when she claims that Clyde "laid a rifle across Bonnie's lap, with the barrel sticking out the window". Blanche claimed he told Bonnie to hold it up and shoot. She did. She claims "we heard later that a woman was wounded in the arm." This claim is denied by all other members of the Barrow gang that survived, and it has to be noted that their claims that Bonnie never shot anyone were made under Oath to authorities, whereas Blanche's allegation was unsworn, made in a book written in great bitterness from prison. The only substantiation for Blanche's story is a newspaper article which ostensibly claimed two women were involved in shooting during a robbery; however no charges were ever filed on Blanche or Bonnie for for this alleged incident. Supposedly two women fired rifles into a crowd - and not one person ever filed a complaint of any kind! As newspapers in the 1930's were not the most reliable sources, this incident has to be questioned -- would a crowd have endured rifle fire without one person complaining to the police? In point of fact, no warrants of any kind for murder or a shooting of this kind were ever filed on Bonnie Parker or Blanche Barrow.
Clyde Barrow
Clyde "Champion" Chesnut Barrow was born on March 24, 1909 (perhaps 1910, according to some reputable sources), in Ellis County, Texas, near Telico (just south of Dallas). He was the fifth of seven children in a poor farming family. Clyde was first arrested in late 1926, after running when police confronted him over a rental car he had failed to return on time. His second arrest, with brother Buck Barrow, came soon after — this time for possession of stolen goods (turkeys). In both of these instances there is the remote possibility that Clyde acted without criminal intent. However, despite holding down "square" jobs during the period 1927 through 1929, he also cracked safes, burgled stores, and stole cars. Known primarily for robbing banks, he preferred smaller jobs, robbing grocery stores and filling stations at a rate far outpacing the ten to fifteen bank robberies attributed to him and the Barrow gang. According to John Neal Phillips, Clyde's goal in life was not to gain fame and fortune from robbing banks, but to eventually seek revenge against the Texas Prison system for the abuses he suffered while serving time, which he eventually achieved in the breakout of Henry Methvin, Raymond Hamilton and several others.
Meeting of Bonnie and Clyde
There is some disagreement over how Bonnie and Clyde first met, but the most prevalent story is that it was through Clyde's friend Clarence Clay. In another account, they met when he visited one of her girlfriends, who sent him to the kitchen to meet "a nice girl." All stories agree on one thing: it was love at first sight for them both.
Prison and release
By mid-February 1930, Clyde and Bonnie were seeing each other regularly, to the point where the police staked out her mother's house hoping to catch the wanted Barrow. They arrested him there, and he was sentenced to prison for two years (seven concurrent, two-year terms for burglary and auto theft). Except for a one-week escape ending with his recapture in Ohio, Clyde remained incarcerated in the Texas state prison at Eastham Farm until early 1932. It was there, at Eastham Camp 1, that it appears he first killed another man — a fellow prisoner named "Big Ed", alleged to have beaten and raped Clyde. A prisoner serving a life sentence took the blame willingly for this killing. Fellow inmate Ralph Fults said that it was Eastham where Clyde turned "from a schoolboy to a rattlesnake" (see John Neal Phillips's book Running with Bonnie & Clyde: The Ten Fast Years of Ralph Fults).
After his release in 1932, Clyde moved to Massachusetts, purportedly to make a clean start. However, he returned to Texas within weeks, embroiled in a plan to raid Eastham prison and free associate Raymond Hamilton and others. He recruited help and set about arming and financing the operation.
In April, a night watchman saw Barrow and Ralph Fults breaking into a hardware store (the location of the store is disputed; local newspapers reported that it was Mabank, Texas). They escaped after exchanging fire, rejoined Bonnie, and attempted to leave the "hot" area. The incident followed a pattern for Bonnie and Clyde that persisted until their deaths — desperate evasion at high speed down sometimes impassable roads, stealing cars and swapping stolen plates regularly. Though Clyde's astounding driving skill and ability to evade capture were later grudgingly respected by law enforcement, this situation ended poorly, perhaps because the gang was finally reduced to stealing mules for transportation in the Texas farm country. Clyde escaped, and Bonnie and Fults were arrested. She claimed to have been kidnapped, and a grand jury failed to indict her. Having spent two months in the Kaufman, Texas jail, Bonnie returned to Dallas in June 1932, and was soon back on the road with Clyde.
Murder
While Bonnie had been in jail, Clyde had participated in the murder of a store owner during a robbery, albeit only as the driver. However, the police showed the wife of the murder victim a photo of Clyde, and she selected him as one of the shooters. In August 1932, while Bonnie was visiting her mother, Clyde and two associates happened to be drinking at a dance in Oklahoma (illegal under prohibition). When they were approached by the local sheriff and his undersheriff, Ray Hamilton and Clyde opened fire, killing the undersheriff. That was the first killing of a lawman by what was later known as the Barrow gang.
Highwaymen
Between 1932 and 1934, there were several incidents in which the Barrow gang kidnapped lawmen or robbery victims, usually releasing them far from home, sometimes with money to help them get back. Stories of these encounters may have contributed to the mythic aura of Bonnie and Clyde — a couple both reviled and adored by the public. Clyde and many of his partners would not hesitate to shoot anybody, civilian or lawman, if they felt their own safety or mobility were in jeopardy. Clyde was a probable shooter in approximately ten murders. Other members of the Barrow gang known or thought to have murdered are Raymond Hamilton, W.D. Jones, Buck Barrow, Joe Palmer, and Henry Methvin. Given the gang's relatively long crime spree, combined with the large number of guns, cars, and people that floated through it, history books can only speculate with regard to details and direct responsibility for many robberies and killings assigned to Bonnie and Clyde. Many of their crimes were committed in remote areas with few witnesses and limited forensics capabilities. The only thing everyone agrees on is that Bonnie herself never killed anyone.
She certainly loved pictures though, and writing to the papers. It was her taking pictures of kidnapped lawmen or robbery victims, usually with them grinning sheepishly at the camera, with a tale of how Bonnie and Clyde drove them all over the country, and then left them safe, usually with some money, that generated so much of the public appeal the duo enjoyed. Bonnie may not have been much of a criminal, but she certainly was good at being a celebrity, and manipulating the media.
Joplin
On March 22 1933, Clyde's brother Buck was granted a full pardon and released from prison. By April, he and his wife Blanche were living with W.D. Jones, Clyde, and Bonnie in a temporary hideout in Joplin, Missouri — according to some accounts, merely to visit and attempt to talk Clyde into giving himself up. As was common with Bonnie and Clyde, their next brush with the law arose from their generally suspicious behavior, not because their identities were discovered. Not knowing what awaited them, local lawmen assembled only a two-car force to confront the suspected bootleggers living in the rented apartment over a garage. Though caught by surprise, Clyde, noted for remaining cool under fire, was gaining far more experience in gun battles than most lawmen. He and W.D. Jones quickly killed one lawman and fatally wounded another. The survivors later testified that their side had fired only fourteen rounds in the conflict. Contrary to the account popularized in the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde, after the initial volley, Blanche Barrow was seen walking down the driveway and into the street with almost surreal calm, trying to coax her runaway dog back to the garage and into the car.
The Barrow gang was able to get away at Joplin, but W.D. Jones was wounded, and they had left most of their possessions at the rented apartment — including a camera with an exposed roll of pictures. The film was developed by the Joplin Globe, and yielded many now famous photos, two of which are shown above. Afterward, Bonnie and Clyde used coats and hats to cover the license plates of their stolen vehicles when taking pictures.
Discord
Despite the glamorous image often associated with the Barrow gang, they were desperate and discontent. Blanche Barrow recounted in a recently published manuscript much of what it was like to be constantly running. Clyde was a machine behind the wheel, driving dangerous roads and searching for places where they might sleep or have a meal without being discovered. One member was always assigned watch. Short tempers led to regular arguments. Even with thousands of dollars from a bank robbery, sleeping in a bed was a luxury for a member of the Barrow gang. Sleeping peacefully was nearly impossible.
Bonnie hurt
In June 1933, while driving with W.D. Jones and Bonnie, Clyde missed some construction signs, dropping the car into a ravine. It rolled, and Bonnie was trapped beneath the burning car, suffering third degree burns to her left leg. Though she was seriously injured, Clyde's first requirement was to get them out of the area — a difficult task with the attention drawn by the accident. When finally away, their latest hostages released, Clyde insisted that Bonnie be allowed to convalesce. After meeting up with Blanche and Buck Barrow again, they stayed at one place until Buck bungled a local robbery with W.D. Jones, and killed a city marshal. The gang moved several times, eventually renting two cabins near Platte City, Missouri, the evening of July 18 1933.
Platte City
On July 18, 1933 the gang checked into the Red Crown Tourist Court in Platte City, Missouri. The courts consisted of two brick cabins joined by two single car garages. Several yards to the south stood the Red Crown Tavern, managed by Neal Houser. Houser became interested in the group when Blanch paid for dinners and beer with silver instead of currency. When Blanch went into town to purchase bandages and atropine sulphate to treat Bonnie's leg the druggist contacted Sheriff Holt Coffee, who decided to put the cabins under watch. Coffee had been alerted by Oklahoma, Texas and Arkansas to be on the lookout for strangers seeking such supplies. The Sheriff contacted Captain Baxter of the Highway Patrol, who called for reinforcments from Kansas City. including an Armoured car. (John Neal Phillips- "Running with Bonnie and Clyde")At 11 P.M. that night Sheriff Coffee led a group of officers armed with Thompson sub-machine guns toward the cabins. But law enforcement was still no match for the Browning Automatic Rifles of the Barrows, who had recently robbed an armory. At a high price, the gang escaped once again. Buck Barrow was shot in the head, and Blanche was nearly blinded from glass fragments in her eye. The prospects for holding out against the ensuing manhunt dwindled.
Death of Buck Barrow
On July 24 1933, the Barrow gang was ambushed at Dexfield Park, an abondoned amusment park near Dexter, Iowa. After being noticed by local citizens, it was determined that the campers were the Barrows. Surrounded by local lawmen and approximatly one hundred spectators, the Barrows once again found themselves under fire. (See John Neal Phillips "Running with Bonnie and Clyde" for the amazing details of this situation) Clyde, Bonnie, and W.D. escaped on foot. Some accounts maintain that Buck was shot several more times. The 1967 Warner Brothers film "Bonnie and Clyde" portrays this scene quite correctly. Bonnie, Clyde and W.D. Jones escaped on foot. Buck died five days later at Kings Daughters Hospital in Iowa, of pnuemonia after surgery.
Final run
Bonnie and Clyde regrouped and, on November 22 1933, were ambushed yet again, this time as they were meeting family members at an impromptu rendezvous near Sowers, Texas. Again, they escaped.
In January 1934, Bonnie, Clyde, Floyd Hamilton (brother of Raymond Hamilton), and Jimmy Mullens launched a successful raid on Eastham prison farm, rescuing Raymond Hamilton, Joe Palmer, Henry Methvin, and Hilton Bybee. Joe Palmer killed one guard and, apparently, wounded another.
Clyde Barrow and Henry Methvin killed two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas, on April 1, 1934, and another policeman five days later near Commerce, Oklahoma. These killings were senseless, and shocked a public which up to now had tended to idolize Bonnie and Clyde, see Milner, E.R. The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde .
Death
Bonnie and Clyde were ambushed and killed May 23 1934, on a desolate road near their Bienville Parish, Louisiana, hideout. They were shot by a posse of four Texas and two Louisiana officers (the Louisiana pair added solely for jurisdictional reasons — an aspect of pre-FBI America that Clyde had exploited to its fullest when selecting robbery and hideout locations). The posse was led by former Texas Ranger captain Frank Hamer, who had never before seen Bonnie or Clyde. He had begun tracking the pair on February 10 1934, after being specifically hired by the Texas Department of Corrections with orders to put an end to Bonnie and Clyde, and within a month or two had met in Bienville Parish with a representative of Henry Methvin's parents.
On May 21 1934, the four posse members were in Shreveport, Louisiana, when they learned that Bonnie and Clyde were to go there that evening with Methvin. Clyde had designated Methvin's parents' Bienville Parish house as a rendezvous, in case they were later separated. Methvin was separated from Bonnie and Clyde in Shreveport, and the full posse,Consisting of Frank Hamer, Dallas County Deputys Bob Alcorn and Ted Hinton (Who had met Clyde in the past) Former Texas Ranger "Manny" Gault, Bienville Parrish Sheriff Henderson Jordan and his Deputy Prentise Oakley. set up an ambush along the route to the rendezvous point along Highway 154, between Gibsland and Sailes. They were in place by 21:00, waiting all through the next day (May 22), but with no sign of Bonnie and Clyde.
Around 09:10 on May 23, the posse, concealed in the bushes and almost ready to concede defeat, heard Clyde's stolen Ford V-8 approaching. When he stopped to speak with Henry Methvin's father — planted there with his truck that morning to distract Clyde and force him into the lane closest to the posse — the lawmen opened fire, killing Bonnie and Clyde while shooting a combined total of approximately 130 rounds. The posse, under Hamer's direct orders, did not call out a warning, or order the duo to surrender. When the Posse began firing, Clyde, who was killed instantly from Oakley's head shot, had his foot slip from the clutch with the motor running and the car in first gear, this caused the car to travel fifty yards down the road to a point where it rested on against an embankment (See photos-"Ambush" by Ted Hinton) The Posse said later they believed the duo were once again escaping and continued to fire at the moving car, such was the power of their legend. However, the bullet pattern shows that both were already dead, and the vast majority of the bullets -- over 100 rounds -- were fired while the car was directly accross from the ambushers. 4 of them were firing with fully automatic rifles - machine guns - and emptied their magazines, before firing other weaspons, see Ted Hinton's book Ambush (the forensic examination of the car showed virtually all rounds were fired directly at the car -- see the hole pattern in the pictures of the car -- which would not have been possible had they been fired while the car slipped down the road).
Clyde Barrow is buried in the Western Heights Cemetery, and Bonnie Parker in the Crown Hill Memorial Park, both in Dallas, Texas. The bullet-riddled Ford in which Bonnie and Clyde were killed is currently on display (February 2006) at the Primm Valley Resort in Primm, Nevada.
Controversy and Aftermath
Controversy lingers over whether Bonnie Parker should have been killed, and whether the first shot, fired into Clyde Barrow's head by Prentis Oakley with a borrowed Remington Model 8, was too hasty. Oakley is reported to have been haunted for the rest of his life by his actions that day. He was the only posse member to publically express remorse or regret for his actions. Bonnie unfortunately did not die as easily as Clyde, who died instantly with Oakley's head shot. The posse reported her uttering a long, horrified and pain filled scream as the bullets ripped the car (and her) apart. Her hand, for instance, was literally partially blown off, see The Strange History of Bonnie & Clyde. There was no legal authority to kill Bonnie Parker, who had no warrants on her which would have justified lethal force in her capture, but Hamer made it clear that he had intended to kill her. He had a reputation for not being overly solicitous with regard to law details.
Some of the posse, including Frank Hamer, took and kept for themselves stolen guns that were found in the death car, with the approval of Lee Simmons, "Special Escape Investigator for the Texas Prison System". Unfortunately, he lacked the legal authority to authorize seizure and sale of other people's property - even the stolen guns were the property of those they were stolen from, and no effort was made to return any of that property. Probably the most horrific thing about the ambush, afterwards, was that the men left to guard the bodies, Gault, Oakley, and Alcorn, allowed people to literally cut off locks of Bonnie's hair, tear pieces from her dress - a man was even trying to cut off Clyde's finger when Hinton returned. See The Strange Life of Bonnie and Clyde by John Treherne, and Ambush by Ted Hinton. With the growing outcry over the Bonnie and Clyde crime spree in which law enforcement had been thwarted repeatedly, even officials from outside Louisiana had been given a free hand toward the goal of ending it. Most of these souvenirs were later sold, conduct which many people found horrifying, see Treherne's book again, or The Real Bonnie and Clyde by Miriam Deford. The coroner, arriving on the scene, saw the following: "nearly everyone had begun collecting souvenirs such as shell casings, slivers of glass from the shattered car windows, and bloody pieces of clothing from the garments of Bonnie and Clyde. One eager man had opened his pocket knife, and was reaching into the car to cut off Clyde's left ear." Quoted from "Death Came Out to Meet them, from The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde, by E.R. Milner. The coroner realized he could not even do his job in a "circuslike atmosphere," and asked Hamer for help. Hamer was speaking to a group of people while others were cutting bloody locks from Bonnie's hair, and pieces from her clothes. Only when the coroner intervened did Hamer order people away from the car, and to stop tearing bloody clothes, etc. Page 147 of Milner's book.
In his article "Romeo and Juliet in a Getaway Car" Joesph Gerringer writes of the ambush: "But, Hamer chose not to call out a warning -- not to Bonnie and Clyde...in a voice audible only to those around him, void of drama, void of malice, Hamer ordered, "Shoot!" Also in Hinton's book, the best source on the ambush, he makes clear Hamer had ordered firing without warning no matter what happened prior to the car's arrival. The car was hit over 130 times, with the entry in the passenger, or Bonnie's, side. Hinton's book records Bonnie uttering one long agonized scream , saying in "Ambush," Hinton tells the rest: Hamer says Shoot! then "...Bonnie screams, and I fire and everyone fires!" At no point did anyone in the posse ever claim that they told Bonnie and Clyde to halt or surrender. Hamer himself admitted in I'm Frank Hamer that he intended an ambush where the duo would have no chance. In The Strange Life of Bonnie and Clyde John Treherne also records the ambush as having the posse simply opening fire on Hamer's command without warning. No reliable account of the ambush has ever claimed the posse called out a warning, or intended to, in fact, the opposite, all claim Hamer planned the ambush exactly as it happened. According to E.R. Milner, citing in his book as his source for that quote the Dallas Morning News of May 24, 1934, Hamer gave a press conference at 2:15pm on that day in front of the courthouse in Gibsland, with Tom Simmons of the Texas Department of Corrections, and described in detail the ambush. He stated flatly that they had planned the ambush with the intention of firing without warning, pointing at a bench in front of the Gibsland courthouse and saying "a few weeks ago I sat on that seat and mapped out the plan that was carried out this morning."
This despite the fact that Hamer knew that Bonnie Parker was not wanted on any murder warrant, and it was questionable whether lethal force should be used for anyone not either involved in commission of a criminal act, or wanted for a capital offense. As previously noted, Hamer had a reputation for not being concerned about the nicities of the law, and this was a fine example of that. Increasingly, in recent years, historians have questioned the legality of killing Bonnie without warning. In 1934 the states of Louisiana, Texas and the federal government lacked the laws we have today on accessory in the first and second degree and conspiracy which would have allowed charging Bonnie for Clyde's crimes.
Remembering Bonnie and Clyde
Every year near the anniversary of the ambush, a "Bonnie and Clyde Festival" is hosted in the town of Gibsland, Louisiana. The ambush location, still comparatively isolated on Highway 154 south of Gibsland, is commemorated by a stone marker that has been defaced to near illegibility by souvenir thieves and gunshot. A small metal version was added to accompany the stone monument. It was stolen, as was its replacement.
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Bonnie and Clyde in popular culture
Bonnie and Clyde were among the first celebrity criminals of the modern era. Certainly Bonnie knew how to manipulate the media, and their legend is bigger than their life. Clyde is alleged to have written a letter to the Ford Motor Company praising their "dandy car", signing it "Clyde Champion Barrow", though the handwriting has never been authenticated. (Ford received a similar letter around the same time from someone claiming to be John Dillinger and used both for car advertisements.) Bonnie's poem, "The Story of Bonnie and Clyde", was published in several newspapers. Her other poetry, especially "Suicide Sal" is praised as that of a genuinely gifted poet.
The first film based on Bonnie and Clyde was made only three years after their deaths. You Only Live Once (1937) was directed by Fritz Lang and starred Henry Fonda and Sylvia Sydney.
Dorothy Provine starred in the 1958 movie The Bonnie Parker Story, directed by William Witney.
In 1967, Arthur Penn directed a romanticized film version of the tale. Bonnie and Clyde, which starred Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway, was critically acclaimed and contributed significantly to the glamorous image of the criminal pair. In December of that year, Serge Gainsbourg recorded his song "Bonnie and Clyde" as a duet with Brigitte Bardot (in the 1990s Gainsbourg's song was covered by the post-rock band Stereolab).
The lead characters of Mickey and Mallory Knox in the 1994 Oliver Stone film, Natural Born Killers bear many similarities to Bonnie and Clyde, particularly in the media attention that the pair received for their crimes.
In 1968, Merle Haggard had a hit single with his song "Legend of Bonnie and Clyde", from the album of the same name. In his 1996 song "Me and My Girlfriend," rapper Tupac Shakur says that he and his gun are the "'96 Bonnie and Clyde." Eminem's 1999 album The Slim Shady LP features a song called "'97 Bonnie & Clyde". Tori Amos did a cover of it on her album, Strange Little Girls. The duo is also referenced in The Tears' song "Refugees" and "'03 Bonnie and Clyde" by Beyonce and Jay-Z.
Country Singer Travis Tritt also recorded a song called Modern Day Bonnie And Clyde, about a Man and Woman on a crime spree.
In ascertaining Bonnie and Clyde's place in popular culture, one must realize that in 1932-34, during the years of their outlawry, almost a third of americans were out of work, and many people sympathized with Bonnie and Clyde, who they saw as striking out at the government that had failed so many families. See John Treherne's, The Strange History of Bonnie & Clyde. The duo struck a nerve, then and today, with the disenfranchised, and the wild at heart, and Trehearne believes much of their appeal lay with their essential revolt against a system that had failed so many. Rightly or wrongly, Treherne believes that people saw Bonnie and Clyde as being willing to strike a blow they themselves would have enjoyed striking. (this image of them forgets Clyde's murders, but again, it must be understood in the conditions in the 30's, and again in the 60's, where so many were questioning authority and all it stood for). Even today people glamorize the couple for refusing to accept authority, and poverty, without striking back, see The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde by E. R. Milner. Rightly or wrongly, Milner was doubtless right when he states Bonnie and Clyde touched a nerve with those who also felt ambushed by an uncaring government...
See also
- 1910 US Census with Clyde Barrow in Ellis County, Texas
References
- Barrow, Blanche Caldwell; Phillips, John Neal (Ed.) (2004). My Life With Bonnie & Clyde. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0806136251.
- Knight, James R.; Davis, Jonathan (2003). Bonnie and Clyde: A Twenty-First-Century Update. Eakin Press. ISBN 1571687947.
- Phillips, John Neal (2004). Bonnie & Clyde's Revenge on Eastham. American History Magazine. Accessed June 18 2005.
- Washington Times, The (2004). Bonnie and Clyde live on. Accessed June 17 2005.
- Butler, Steven (2003). In Search of Bonnie and Clyde in Louisiana. Accessed June 17 2005.
- Took no chances, Hinton and Alcorn tell Newspapermen Wednesday Night's Extra, Dallas Dispatch. Accessed Jan 17 2006.
7.Treherne, John (2000). The Strange History of Bonnie & Clyde. Cooper Square Press. ISBN 0815411065.
8. DeFord, Miriam Allen (1968). The Real Bonnie and Clyde. Sphere Books.
9.Hinton, Ted; Grove, Larry (1979). The Real Story of Bonnie and Clyde. Shoal Creek Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0883190419.
10. Shelton, Gene (1997). The Life and Times of Frank Hamer. Berkeley Books. ISBN 0425159736. Matteson, Jason, 'Texas Bandits: A Study of the 1948 Democratic Primary"
11. Cartledge, Rick "The Guns of Frank Hamer,"
12. Milner, E.R. The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde
13. Steele, Phillip, and Scoma Barrow, Marie, The Family Story of Bonnie and Clyde
14. Phillips, John Neal, Running with Bonnie & Clyde: The Ten Fast Years of Ralph Fults.
External links
- Bonnie and Clyde's Hideout (pictures and documents)
- Riding with Bonnie and Clyde, by W.D. Jones (Playboy Magazine, November 1968)
- Bonnie Parker's poem, The Story of Bonnie and Clyde
- Genealogy of Bonnie and Clyde (and links to postmortem newspaper articles)
- Bonnie Parker On-Stage
- FBI Famous Cases
- Crime Library
Ambush site
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