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Ammonium hydrosulfide

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Ammonium hydrosulfide
Names
IUPAC name ammonium hydrosulfide
Other names ammonium bisulfide
ammonium hydrogen sulfide
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.974 Edit this at Wikidata
RTECS number
  • BS4900000
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/H3N.H2S/h1H3;1H2Key: HIVLDXAAFGCOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/H3N.H2S/h1H3;1H2Key: HIVLDXAAFGCOFU-UHFFFAOYAU
SMILES
  • .
Properties
Chemical formula H5NS
Molar mass 51.111 g/mol
Appearance Yellow-orange fuming liquid.
Density 1.17 g/cm
Solubility in water Infinitely soluble
Solubility soluble in alcohol, liquid ammonia, liquid hydrogen sulfide; insoluble in benzene, hexane and ether
Refractive index (nD) 1.74
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards Toxic
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability (yellow): no hazard codeSpecial hazards (white): no code
3 3
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose) 168 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Other anions Ammonium sulfate
Other cations Sodium hydrosulfide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Ammonium hydrosulfide is the chemical compound with the formula (NH4)SH. It is the salt derived from the ammonium cation and the hydrosulfide anion. The salt exists as colourless, water soluble, micaceous crystals. The compound is encountered mainly as a solution, not as the solid. It is generated by mixing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.

Preparation

Solutions of ammonium hydrosulfide can be prepared by passing hydrogen sulfide gas through concentrated ammonia solution. According to a detailed 1895 report, hydrogen sulfide reacts with concentrated aqueous ammonia solution at room temperature to give (NH4)2S·2NH4HS. When this species is cooled to 0 °C and treated with additional hydrogen sulfide, one obtains (NH4)2S·12NH4HS. An ice-cold solution of this substance kept at 0°C and having hydrogen sulfide continually passed through it gives the hydrosulfide.

The common "stink bomb" consists of an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfide. The mixture easily converts to ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases. This conversion illustrates the ease of the following equilibrium:

(NH4)SH ← → {\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}} NH3 + H2S

Both ammonia and hydrogen sulfide have a powerfully unpleasant smell.

References

  1. Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
  2. Record of ammonium hydrosulfide in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on October 22, 2010.
  3. Goodman, J. T.; Rauchfuss, T. B., (2002). "Tetraethylammonium-tetrathioperrhenate ". Inorganic Syntheses. 33: 107–110.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. W. P. Bloxam (1895). "The Sulphides and Polysulphides of Ammonium". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 67: 283. doi:10.1039/CT8956700277.
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