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Stonehenge is a Neolithic site located near Amesbury in Wiltshire, England, about 8 miles northwest of Salisbury. It is composed of a circular setting of large standing stones, i.e., a megalith, dated back to 3100 BC. It is located beside the A303 road between Amesbury and Stoke.
The site was added to the UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1986.
The stones of Stonehenge are aligned with particular significance to the solstice and equinox points. As a result, some have claimed that Stonehenge represents an "ancient observatory," although the extent of its use in that regard is in dispute.
Stonehenge remains a place of pilgrimage for druids and those following pagan or neo-pagan beliefs, and was the site of a free music festival held between 1972 and 1984. However, in 1985 the festival was supressed by Mrs. Thatcher's government following a violent confrontation between the police and new age travellers that became known as the Battle of the Beanfield.
Construction
The stones are as follows:
- The Altar Stone: a 5 metre block of green sandstone (all the other stones in Stonehenge are bluestone derived from Preseli in Wales)
- The Slaughter Stone
- The Heel Stone once known as the Friar's Heel, (an anglicisation of the Welsh "Ffreya sul", after Ffreya, a druidic goddess of fertility, and sul (pronounced 'seal') meaning Sun Day). Geoffrey of Monmouth, in typically folkloric style, says the devil bought the stones from a woman in Ireland, wrapped them up, and brought them to Salisbury plain. One of the stones fell into the Avon, the rest were carried to the plain. The devil then cried out, "No-one will ever find out how these stones came here." A friar replied, "That's what you think!," whereupon the devil threw one of the stones at him and struck him on the heel. The stone stuck in the ground, and is still there.
- Station Stones
Other features:
- The Aubrey Holes
- Y and Z holes
see also sun mythology, Reconstruction archaeology, archaeoastronomy