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"Blame It on Lisa" is the fifteenth episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons. In the episode, the Simpson family goes to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in search of a Brazilian orphan named Ronaldo whom Lisa has been sponsoring. Lisa used to receive a letter from Ronaldo every month, but that recently stopped and according to personnel at the orphanage, he has gone missing. As the Simpsons search through Rio de Janeiro, Homer is kidnapped and in order to free him the family must pay a ransom of 50,000 dollars, which they do not have. Lisa soon discovers that Ronaldo has been working in flamingo costume on the children's television series Teleboobies, which is the reason he left the orphanage. Ronaldo finally meets up with the Simpsons and gives them the 50,000 dollars they need to rescue Homer.

Written by Bob Bendetson and directed by Steven Dean Moore, "Blame It on Lisa" features several references popular culture, including a parody of the Brazilian children's television host Xuxa and an allusion to the film A Trip to the Moon. When it originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 31, 2002, it was seen by around eleven million people. In 2010, the episode was released on DVD and Blu-ray along with the rest of the episodes of the eleventh season.

"Blame It on Lisa" was criticized in Brazil because of its inclusion of clichés and stereotypes, and because the Brazilian culture was mixed up with the cultures of surrounding Latin American countries. Riotur, the tourist board of Rio de Janeiro, planned on suing Fox for damaging the international image of the city, which they thought was incorrectly portrayed as having rampant street crime, kidnappings, slums, and a rat infestation. Several journalists have, however, stated there is some truth to the depiction of Rio de Janeiro in the episode. Reportedly, the Riotur officials never went ahead with the lawsuit because they were told by their lawyers that the United States Constitution protects parodies. James L. Brooks, executive producer of The Simpsons, soon issued an apology to Rio de Janeiro.

Plot

As Homer and Bart are watching The Itchy & Scratchy Show, Marge tells them that the telephone company has charged the family hundreds of dollars for making phone calls to Brazil. Homer and Marge decide to visit the company, thinking there has been a mistake. They meet with costumer service representative Lindsey Naegle, who cuts off the family's phone service after Homer tells her that he refuses to pay the bill. When Lisa finds out the reason the family no longer has phone service, she confesses that she has actually made calls to Brazil. She has been sponsoring an orphan named Ronaldo in the country and she used to receive a letter from him once every month until recently. Lisa called Ronaldo's orphanage to find out what had happened and she was told he has gone missing. She shows her family a tape recorded by Ronaldo that she received after her first donation, in which Ronaldo thanks Lisa and tells her that with her money he has purchased a pair of dancing shoes for himself and the orphanage has been able to buy a door. At the end of the tape, a group of wild monkeys appear and attempt to attack Ronaldo, but he runs into the orphanage and slams the door behind him. Touched by the tape, the Simpsons decide to travel to Brazil to solve the mystery behind Ronaldo's disappearance, leaving Maggie with Patty and Selma.

When the family arrives in Rio de Janeiro, they discover that they can get anywhere they want by joining a conga line. After dancing their way to the hotel, Bart turns on the television in their room and watches a children's show called Teleboobies which Marge criticizes because of its sexual undertones. The Simpsons then head out to search for Ronaldo. First, they travel to the slums in Rio de Janeiro. According to Lisa, "The government just painted them bright colors so the tourists would not be offended." In the slums, the family sees thousands of rats painted in various colors. They then reach Ronaldo's orphanage, but the nun working there has no idea where he has gone. Later that day, as the Simpsons are having dinner at a restaurant, Lisa shows a map on which she has marked all the places Ronaldo likes to visit. She splits the map in two, giving one piece to Homer and Bart and keeping one piece for her and Marge. Homer and Bart first search through Copacabana Beach and then a market, where they are robbed by children, while Marge and Lisa visit a samba school. However, both duos are unsuccessful in finding Ronaldo so far. To get to their last location, Homer and Bart take a taxi and are kidnapped at gunpoint by the taxi driver. However, Bart is able to get away and tell the rest of the family.

The taxi driver and his companion hold Homer hostage deep into the rainforest. They force Homer into making a phone call to Marge, telling her that if the family provides 50,000 dollars to the kidnappers, he will be released. However, the Simpsons do not have enough money so they go looking for Homer instead. Walking through the streets of Rio de Janeiro, they run into a parade that features a Teleboobies float with characters from the show. Lisa is surprised to discover that Ronaldo is working inside the costume of the dancing flamingo from Teleboobies—a well-paid job he got after learning to dance with the shoes he bought with Lisa's donation money. Ronaldo tells Lisa that he stopped writing to her because he did not know which state she lives in, since it was the orphanage that used to send his letters. Later, Ronaldo gives the Simpsons the money they need to save Homer. Meanwhile, Homer shows the kidnappers a scrapbook he made of his kidnapping memories. Apparently, he has developed Stockholm syndrome. The family and the kidnappers then meet up high over a valley near the Sugarloaf Mountain in two separate cable cars. The Simpsons tosses the kidnappers their money, and when Homer jumps into his family's cable car, the cables break, sending the family crashing into the mountainside and rolling down to the ground. They all survive unharmed, but Bart is then eaten whole by a snake. The episode ends with Bart dancing inside the snake to carnival music.

Background

"Blame It on Lisa" was written by Bob Bendetson and directed by Steven Dean Moore as part of the thirteenth season of The Simpsons (2001–2002). For the scenes taking place in Brazil, the animators based much of their work on photographs taken by a staff member of the show who had previously visited the country. This episode is not the first that sees the Simpsons travel to a location outside of the United States. Throughout the series, they have visited countries such as Australia, Canada, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Their visit to Brazil in "Blame It on Lisa" was later referenced in the twentieth season episode "The Wife Aquatic" (2007), in which the family members make a trip to an island called Barnacle Bay that they then discover has been devastated by overfishing. Lisa tells Bart that "This is the most disgusting place we've ever gone," to which Bart asks: "What about Brazil?" Lisa corrects herself, responding: "After Brazil."

Several references to popular culture are included in the episode. The title "Blame It on Lisa" refers to the 1984 film Blame it on Rio, which also takes place in Brazil. As Homer and Bart walk on Copacabana Beach, the famous 1939 song "Aquarela do Brasil" (also known as "Brazil") is played. Teleboobies is a parody of the children's television series Xuxa that attracted complaints because the revealing outfits worn by the host, Brazilian actress and singer Xuxa. The name "Teleboobies" is a reference to the British television series Teletubbies. The Itchy & Scratchy cartoon that Homer and Bart watch at the beginning of the episode parodies Georges Méliès' 1902 film A Trip to the Moon; Itchy and Scratchy are playing golf when Itchy hits Scratchy's head with his golf club, sending the head crashing into the Man in the Moon as the rocket does in the film. According to showrunner Al Jean, the staff members of The Simpsons asked American golfer Tiger Woods to do a guest appearance in this cartoon, but they were turned down.

Release

In its original broadcast on the Fox network in the United States on March 31, 2002, "Blame It on Lisa" received a 6.3 Nielsen rating and was seen by approximately eleven million people. The episode finished forty-third in the ratings for the week of March 25–31, 2002, tying with a new episode of the comedy series George Lopez and the news program 48 Hours. In addition, it became the highest-rated program on Fox that week. On August 24, 2010, "Blame It on Lisa" was released on DVD and Blu-ray as part of the box set The Simpsons – The Complete Thirteenth Season. Staff members Steven Dean Moore, Al Jean, Matt Groening Matt Selman, Tim Long, John Frink, Don Payne, Joel H. Cohen, Matt Warburton, David Silverman, and Mike B. Anderson participated in the DVD audio commentary for the episode.

Bendetson was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award in the animation category for his work on the episode, but lost to Ken Keeler, the writer of the Futurama episode "Godfellas". Reception of "Blame It on Lisa" from television critics has been mixed. Casey Broadwater of Blu-ray.com cited it as the best episode of the season. DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson argued that it was not as funny as some of the other episodes that have poked fun at nations. He added that the episode "musters the occasional laugh, and like much of , it’s not a bad show, but it’s not a memorable one either." DVD Verdict's Jennifer Malkowski cited the scrapbook Homer made of his kidnapping memories as the highlight of the episode.

Controversy

Parts of "Blame It on Lisa" were met with negative reception in Brazil shortly after its broadcast in the United States. According to The Washington Post, "an immediate media frenzy was born" as the episode started receiving coverage in local newspapers and news programs on Brazilian television. An article published in the Houston Chronicle on April 8, 2002 stated that critics in the country were upset by the inclusion of clichés and stereotypes, such as Brazilians having Spanish accents and wearing mustaches, and that their culture was mixed up with surrounding Latin American ones. Alex Bellos, The Guardian's correspondent in Brazil, commented that one of the things the Brazilians were upset about was the many inaccuracies featured in the episode, such as the conga and the macarena being popular dances in Brazil; the conga is actually a Caribbean dance, and the macarena does not come from Brazil nor is it frequently performed there.

On April 6, 2002, it was reported by the Brazilian media that Riotur, the tourist board of Rio de Janeiro, was planning on suing Fox for damaging the international image of the city. Riotur stated that Rio de Janeiro was portrayed in "Blame It on Lisa" as having rampant street crime, kidnappings, slums, and a rat infestation, and it was thought that this would discourage foreigners from visiting the city. The decision to sue was made before the board saw the episode, and the tourism officials based their accusations on detailed reports they had received from Brazilian reporters in the United States, as well as on snippets of the episode they had downloaded from the Internet. Over a period of three years up to the airing of "Blame It on Lisa" in the United States, Riotur had spent US$18,000,000 on a campaign to attract tourists to Rio de Janeiro. The tourist board now saw this as a waste of money since they believed the campaign was undermined by the portrayal of the city in the episode. Riotur's planned lawsuit was supported by the Brazilian government, with president Fernando Henrique Cardoso stating that the episode "brought a distorted vision of Brazilian reality". Just a few months earlier, the mayor of Rio de Janeiro sued a local weather forecaster for indirectly discouraging people from visiting the city's festival on New Year's Eve by predicting bad weather.

Sergio Cavalcanti, a spokesperson for Riotur, commented that "What really hurt was the idea of the monkeys, the image that Rio de Janeiro was a jungle. ... It's a completely unreal image of the city." Several journalists have, however, stated that parts of the episode gave a somewhat truthful image of Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian correspondent Anthony Faiola of The Washington Post wrote that the scenes showing wild monkeys "struck many Cariocas as a low-blow reference to their status in the developing world. Some officials even took it as a racial slur against the city's Afro-Brazilian population. Yet Rio is indeed home to the globe's largest urban green space, with more than 80,000 acres of lush jungle whose creatures cohabit with cosmopolitan life. Spotting wild monkeys here is not exactly rare." Faila also commented that "the most self-critical Cariocas admit that the strong reaction came, in part, because the show hit awfully close to home. Crime, unabashed sexuality and severe poverty are indeed part of the fabric of life in Rio, and actually in most of Brazil."

Bellos claimed in in his article that while some of issues depicted in the episode, such as "severe social problems and high levels of violence," may be true for certain restricted areas of Rio de Janeiro, most of the city does not have these problems. On the other hand, a writer for The Scotsman noted that Rio de Janeiro "is plagued by rising poverty. Its violent crime rate is notoriously high. While kidnappings for ransom and armed robberies are common, the city’s tourist authorities say that crimes against tourists are rare. Such violence is usually restricted to areas near the favelas (shanties) or to the poorer outskirts, where tourists rarely go. However, the tourism authorities are mainly worried about losing foreign visitors at a time when the city’s economy is increasingly dependent on the tourist trade." Martin Kaste, the National Public Radio's South America correspondent, commented that "the taxis are actually pretty safe. Homer's a lot more likely to get kidnapped if he goes to San Paolo where they're having a rash of kidnappings right now. But there is a lot of crime here. And if the Rio Tour Agency is complaining about that part of the portrayal, then they don't have a very strong case."

On April 9, Kaste commented that since their announcement that they were going to sue Fox, the Riotur officials had been told by their lawyers in the United States that it would be difficult to sue the episode there because of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which protects parodies. According to Kaste, "now they're trying to take the moral high ground instead and sort of guilt the Fox Network into perhaps donating the profits from the episode to Brazilian orphans or something like that." In Bellos article, published on April 9, Rio de Janeiro tourist secretary Jose Eduardo Guinle was quoted as having said: "If Fox is so worried about Brazilian orphans and the poverty of our children, it should donate the profits of the episode to the city's social work programme." Guinle also asked for an apology from the producers of the show in return for dropping the suit; James L. Brooks soon issued a statement saying that "We apologize to the lovely city and people of Rio de Janeiro. And if that doesn't settle the issue, Homer Simpson offers to take on the president of Brazil on Fox's Celebrity Boxing." Spokespersons for Fox told the press that they had not received nearly as much criticism with previous episodes that poked fun at other nations. Showrunner Al Jean has said in an interview that "Every other place has had a good sense of humor. Brazil caught us by surprise." When "Blame It on Lisa" eventually aired in Brazil in December 2002, there was a statement the beginning noting that Fox is not responsible for the vision of the producers behind the episode.

See also

• Crime in Brazil
• Social issues in Brazil

References

1. ^ Simpsons World The Ultimate Episode Guide: Seasons 1–20. Harper Collins Publishers. 2010. p. 649. ISBN 978-0-00-738815-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
2. Moore, Steven Dean. (2010). Commentary for "Blame It on Lisa", in The Simpsons: The Complete Thirteenth Season . 20th Century Fox.
3. Dillinger04-08, Katherine (2002-04-08). "'Simpsons' no laughing matter, Brazilians say". Austin American-Statesman.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
4. ^ Jacobson, Colin (2010-09-02). "The Simpsons: The Complete Thirteenth Season (Blu-Ray) (2001)". DVD Movie Guide. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
5. ^ Malkowski, Jennifer (2010-09-06). "The Simpsons: The Complete Thirteenth Season (Blu-Ray)". DVD Verdict. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
6. Finley, Adam (2007-01-08). "The Simpsons: The Wife Aquatic". Huffpost TV. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
7. ^ "'Simpsons' draws flak in Rio". The Orlando Sentinel. 2002-04-07.
8. ^ Jean, Al. (2010). Commentary for "Blame It on Lisa", in The Simpsons: The Complete Thirteenth Season . 20th Century Fox.
9. ^ Associated Press (2002-04-04). "CBS scores a ratings win with NCAA finals". Sun-Sentinel. Tribune Company. p. 4E.
10. ^ Deans, Jason (2002-04-15). "Simpsons say sorry for 'doh-plomatic' disaster". The Guardian. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
11. "The Simpsons - Season 13 Press Release & Early Release News". TVShowsOnDVD.com. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
12. Commentary for "Blame It on Lisa", in The Simpsons: The Complete Thirteenth Season (2010) . 20th Century Fox.
13. "55th Annual Writers Guild Awards Nominees Announced for Television and Radio". Writers Guild of America, West. 2003-02-06. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
14. Baisley, Sarah (2003-03-13). "Futurama Wins First WGA Animation Award". Animation World Network. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
15. Broadwater, Casey (2010-09-05). "The Simpsons: The Thirteenth Season Blu-ray Review". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
16. "Brazilians miffed by TV show". The News-Times. 2002-04-29.
17. ^ Faiola, Anthony (2002-04-16). "Simpsons' Brasil episode stirring controversy". The Washington Post. p. C01.
18. Knight Ridder (2002-04-08). "Rio blames tourism lag on Lisa Simpson". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
19. ^ Bellos, Alex (2002-04-09). "Doh! Rio blames it on The Simpsons". The Guardian. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
20. Turner, Chris (2004). Planet Simpson: How a Cartoon Masterpiece Documented an Era and Defined a Generation. Toronto: Random House Canada. p. 326. ISBN 0-679-31318-4.
21. ^ "Simpsons apologise to Rio". BBC News. 2002-04-15. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
22. ^ Ydstie, John (2002-04-09). "Analysis: Brazilian officials talk about lawsuit in regards to an episode of 'The Simpsons'". All Things Considered. National Public Radio.
23. ^ "Rio may sue over episode of 'Simpsons'". The Seattle Times. 2002-04-09.
24. ^ "D'oh! Simpsons' holiday in Rio backfires on Fox". The Scotsman. 2002-04-10. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
25. ^ O'Doherty, Ian (2004-04-18). "Why Brazil is nuts about footie, not The Simpsons". Irish Independent. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
26. Wills, Adam (2010-03-23). "Holy Homer! Sacha Baron Cohen guides Simpsons through Jerusalem in March 28 episode". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
27. "Brasil dos Simpsons fica só na TV". O Estado de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). 2002-12-05. Retrieved 2011-12-27.

External links

• "Blame It on Lisa" at The Simpsons.com
• Template:Tv.com episode
• "Blame It on Lisa" at IMDb

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• The Simpsons (season 13) episodes
• 2002 television episodes
• Brazil in fiction