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Passive smoking

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Passive smoking is the inhalation, usually involuntary, of second-hand smoke from tobacco products by non-smokers or persons other than the intended 'active' smoker. It occurs when tobacco smoke permeates any environment, causing its inhalation by people within that environment. Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke through passive smoking causes disease, disability, and death. The health hazards of passive smoking, which are a matter of scientific consensus., have been a major motivation for smoke-free laws in workplaces and indoor public places.

Alternative terms

Passive smoking is used widely in news media and in older scientific research papers and may therefore be regarded as a common name for exposure to second-hand smoke. More recent scientific literature and regulatory material tends to refer directly to second-hand smoke, and the two terms are effectively employed as synonyms, although etymologically passive smoking is the act or behaviour of exposure to a contaminant, and second-hand smoke the hazardous substance. A minority of scientific papers, and some material generated by representatives of the tobacco industry, refer to environmental tobacco smoke or 'ETS' rather than either passive smoking or second-hand smoke.

Consequences

Main article: Second-hand smoke

The evidence of health hazards arising from passive smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke have played a central role in the debate over the regulation of tobacco products and smoking. Since the early 1970s, the tobacco industry has viewed the passive smoking issue as a major threat to its business interests. Harm to bystanders was perceived as a motivator for stricter regulation of tobacco products. Despite the industry's awareness of the harms of second-hand smoke as early as the 1980s, the tobacco industry coordinated a scientific controversy with the aim of forestalling regulation of their products. Nevertheless, as evidence of the hazards of second-hand smoke exposure through passive smoking has accumulated, so has the use of smoke-free laws (or 'smoking bans') proliferated.

See also

References

  1. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/passive-smoking
  2. http://lungcancer.about.com/od/glossary/g/passivesmoking.htm
  3. http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/passive%20smoking
  4. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/passive+smoking
  5. "WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2005-02-27. Retrieved 2009-01-12. Parties recognize that scientific evidence has unequivocally established that exposure to tobacco causes death, disease and disability
  6. "The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General". Surgeon General of the United States. 2006-06-27. Retrieved 2009-01-12. Secondhand smoke exposure causes disease and premature death in children and adults who do not smoke
  7. "Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant". California Environmental Protection Agency. 2005-06-24. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
  8. IARC 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFIARC2004 (help) "There is sufficient evidence that involuntary smoking (exposure to secondhand or 'environmental' tobacco smoke) causes lung cancer in humans"
  9. Samet JM (2008). "Secondhand smoke: facts and lies". Salud Publica Mex. 50 (5): 428–34. doi:10.1590/S0036-36342008000500016. PMID 18852940.
  10. ^ Tong, EK (2007 Oct 16). "Tobacco industry efforts undermining evidence linking secondhand smoke with cardiovascular disease". Circulation. 116 (16): 1845–54. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.715888. PMID 17938301. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  11. Diethelm P, McKee M (February 2006). "Lifting the smokescreen: Tobacco industry strategy to defeat smoke free policies and legislation" (PDF). European Respiratory Society and Institut National du Cancer. Retrieved 2009-01-17. The industry quickly realised that, if it wanted to continue to prosper, it became vital that research did not demonstrate that tobacco smoke was a dangerous community air pollutant. This requirement has been the central pillar of its passive smoking policy from the early 1970s to the present day
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