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Revision as of 18:33, 5 January 2013 by WLU (talk | contribs) (→External links: trim, see talk)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)Hebephilia is one of several types of chronophilia (a preference for a sexual partner who appears to be of a specific age or maturity), in this case primary or exclusive sexual interest in pubescent individuals between 11–14 years old. Hebephilia differs from ephebophilia, which refers to the sexual preference for individuals in later adolescence, and from pedophilia, which refers to the sexual preference for prepubescent children. The onset of puberty varies from child to child, but, on average, girls begin the process of puberty at age 10 or 11; boys at age 11 or 12. While individuals with a sexual preference for adults may have some sexual interest in pubescent-aged individuals, true hebephilia is characterized by a preference of pubescent rather than adult partners. The term was introduced by Bernard Glueck in 1956, who later credited it, without citation, to Paul Benedict.
Ray Blanchard and a number of his colleagues from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health believe that hebephilia is a mental disorder and advocated for its inclusion in the DSM-5. The proposed addition to the DSM V was criticized by Richard Green, Allen Frances, Michael First, an editor of the DSM-IV, Karen Franklin, Charles Allen Moser, William O'Donohue, and other mental health professionals. The American Psychiatric Association rejected the addition of hebephilia to the DSM-5 as a diagnosable psychiatric disorder.
Etiology
As with sexual preference in general, it is not known what causes someone to prefer a pubescent rather than an adult individual for sexual reasons. A number of biological associations have been studied however. A team from CAMH has published a series of research articles comparing biologically relevant characteristics of clinical samples of pedophiles, hebephiles, and individuals who prefer adult sexual partners. In such samples, hebephilic men are midway between pedophilic men and teleiophilic men on average IQ, memory test scores, and rates of school grade failures over and above the IQ differences, with pedophiles scoring the lowest on the first two measures and highest on the third. Hebephiles score midway between pedophiles and teleiophiles in rates of non-right-handedness, rates of having suffered childhood head injuries, and physical height.
Prevalence of hebephilia versus pedophilia
There are clinical and correctional samples of sexual offenders in which hebephilic men outnumber the pedophilic men. Moreover, anonymous surveys of people sexually interested in children more frequently report an erotic interest in pubescents rather than in prepubescents.
DSM-5
In 2008, Ray Blanchard was the lead author of an influential paper proposing the introduction of hebephilia in the DSM-5. The paper, coauthored mostly with colleagues from CAMH and the University of Toronto, triggered a number of reactions. Critics include Richard Green, Michael First (DSM-IV editor), Karen Franklin, and Charles Allen Moser, while others like William O'Donohue argue that the proposal does not go far enough. Clinical psychologist Joseph J. Plaud criticized Blanchard's study for lacking a control group of "normal" men, and other methodological issues, leading him to conclude that "The data do not support the conclusions reached in this article, especially the inclusion of a significant change to the DSM-5". Blanchard replied to these concerns. Franklin maintains a list of publications discussing the new diagnosis.
The proposed DSM-5 replacement for the pedophilia diagnosis, called pedohebophilic disorder, largely reflected the proposal of Blanchard and his colleagues. The naming of the new disorder also reflects the more general distinction proposed between paraphilia and paraphilic disorder in DSM-5.
At the annual meeting of the American Association of Psychiatry and Law (AAPL) a group of forensic psychiatrists working with sex offenders made a symbolic vote on the inclusion of Pedohebephilia in DSM-5, with 2 votes for and 31 against. At the International Association for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders meeting in Oslo another vote was made with 1 vote for and 100 against. The proposed addition of hebephilia to the DSM-5 diagnostic codes and appendix was rejected by the American Psychiatric Association board of trustees due to a large degree of opposition to the proposed new diagnosis and concerns about its scientific validity. The AMA board of trustees apparently had to step in due to a small group of psychologists digging their heels in and not accepting the opinions of the wider community of mental health professionals.
Etymology
The name is based on the Greek goddess of youth Hebe, a daughter of Zeus and Hera. She is also known as Ganymeda, or in Roman: Juventas. Words such as juvenile are based on that form. The suffix -phil- based on Philia is also Greek, meaning love.
See also
References
- ^ Krafft-Ebing, R (1924). Psychopathia Sexualis, with Especial Reference to the Antipathic Sexual Instinct; a Medico-Forensic Study. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke.
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suggested) (help) - Kail, RV (2010). Human Development: A Lifespan View (5th ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 296. ISBN 0495600377.
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suggested) (help) - Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 4714830 , please use {{cite journal}} with
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instead. - Glueck, BC (1956). Final report: Research project for the study and treatment of persons convicted of crimes involving sexual aberrations. June 1952 to June 1955. New York: New York State Department of Mental Hygiene/University of Minnesota.
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instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 21389170 , please use {{cite journal}} with
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instead. - ^ Joyce Frieden (Dec 1, 2009) DSM-V work on paraphilias begins in earnest, Clinical Psychiatry News, Elsevier
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instead. - Herold, E (2012-12-01). "American Psychiatric Association Board of Trustees Approves DSM-5: Diagnostic manual passes major milestone before May 2013 publication" (pdf). American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved 2013-01-05.
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instead. - Gebhard, PH (1965). Sex offenders: An analysis of types. New York: Harper & Row.
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instead. - Bernard, F (1975). "An enquiry among a group of pedophiles". The Journal of Sex Research. 11 (3): 242–255.
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instead. - "Psychologist, Joseph J. Plaud, License: 7394". psyris.com ... the psychology resource information system. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
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instead. - "Hebephilia controversy". Karen Franklin, PhD, Clinical and Forensic Psychologist, California. 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
- http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevisions/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=186
- Franklin, K. 2011. "Forensic Psychiatrists Vote No on Proposed Paraphilias", Psychiatric Times. Vol. 27 No. 12
- Karen Franklin (December 2, 2012). "Psychiatry Rejects Novel Sexual Disorder "Hebephilia"". USA: Psychology Today. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
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External links
- List of research articles on hebephilia maintained by James Cantor
- List of academic articles on the diagnostic controversy maintained by Karen Franklin