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Graphic of a globe with a red analog clockThis article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. Feel free to improve this article or discuss changes on the talk page, but please note that updates without valid and reliable references will be removed. (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Boston Marathon bombings
Aftermath of the twin blasts
LocationBoylston Street, west of Copley Square, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Coordinates42°20′59.2″N 71°04′44.1″W / 42.349778°N 71.078917°W / 42.349778; -71.078917
DateApril 15, 2013 (2013-04-15)
2:49 p.m. EDT (UTC−04:00)
Attack typeBombing, terrorism
WeaponsPressure cooker bomb, other improvised explosive device
Deaths3 (from bombing) 1 (during chase)
Injured183 (from bombing) 1 (during chase)

During the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, two bombs exploded, killing 3 people and injuring 183 others. The bombs, at least one of which was a pressure cooker device, had been placed near the finish line, along Boylston Street. They were detonated at 2:49 p.m. EDT (18:49 UTC), 13 seconds apart. No warning and no claim of responsibility was given for the bombings. The FBI is leading the investigation and has released photos of two suspects.

Bombings

The blasts occurred close to the finish line (yellow) along the marathon course (dark blue), with the first blast being closer to the finish

On Patriots' Day, Monday, April 15, 2013, the annual Boston Marathon began without any indications of an imminent attack. Officials swept the area for bombs twice before the explosions; one of the sweeps occurred an hour before the bombs went off. People were able to come and go freely, and carry items in and out of the area.

At 2:49 p.m. EDT (18:49 UTC), two bombs detonated on Boylston Street near Copley Square about 200 yards (180 m) apart, just before the finish line. The first exploded outside Marathon Sports at 671–673 Boylston Street at 2:49:43 p.m. EDT; the second, one block farther west at 755 Boylston Street at 2:49:57 p.m. EDT. One device was described as a pressure cooker bomb, thought to be made using a Fagor-brand pressure cooker; the other device was housed in a metal container of unclear construction. The bombs were improvised explosive devices containing explosives, bits of metal, and bearing balls, placed in black nylon duffel bags or backpacks. About 13 seconds passed between the two blasts. At the time of the first explosion, the race clock at the finish line showed 04:09:43.

The finish line, 54 minutes before the first explosion

The bombs detonated about two hours after the winner crossed the finish line; more than 5,700 runners had yet to finish. Some runners continued to cross the line until 2:57 p.m., eight minutes after the explosions. The blasts blew out windows on adjacent buildings, but did no other structural damage.

No more bombs were found, although various bags and packages found on the street were initially treated as potential bombs. At one point on April 15, the Boston Police Bomb Squad said they would perform a controlled explosion of one such package found on the 600 block of Boylston Street, but later decided it was unnecessary. Some news reports initially said that more bombs had been found.

Victims

Template:Contains Chinese text The toll from the bombings was 3 people killed and 183 injured. A number of the injuries were grievous, requiring intensive care, and appeared to be "war-like injuries" of mutilation, shrapnel wounds, and dismemberment. The trauma surgery chief at Boston Medical Center said: "We see patients like this, with mangled extremities, but we don’t see 16 of them at the same time, and we don’t see patients from blast injuries."

Deaths

The scene, immediately after the first blast

Three spectators were killed in the bombings: Krystle M. Campbell, 29, a female restaurant manager from Medford, Massachusetts; Lü Lingzi (simplified Chinese: 吕令子; traditional Chinese: 呂令子), 23, a female Chinese national and Boston University graduate student from Shenyang, Liaoning; and Martin Richard, 8, a boy from the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston.

Injuries

Ten local hospitals treated more than 170 people. At least 15 of the injured were in critical condition on April 16, including 2 children.

Many victims suffered lower leg injuries and shrapnel wounds, which indicated the devices were low to the ground. Some suffered ruptured eardrums. At least 13 of the injured suffered severed limbs. Doctors described removing "bearing-ball type" metallic beads a little larger than BBs, and small carpenter-type nails about 1 to 2.5 centimeters (0.4 to 1 in) long. Similar objects were found at the scene. According to doctors, because the bombs were low to the ground, the injuries mainly affected legs and feet instead of abdomens, chests, and heads, and as a result few deaths occurred.

Responses

Emergency services at work after the bombings

Rescue workers, medical personnel on hand to assist runners, bystanders, and runners rushed to help the wounded in the immediate aftermath.

The marathon was halted abruptly. Police, following emergency plans, diverted the remaining runners away from the finish line to Boston Common and Kenmore Square. The nearby Lenox Hotel was also evacuated. Police closed down a 15-block area around the blast site; this was reduced to a 12-block crime scene on April 16. Massachusetts Army National Guard soldiers already on scene joined local authorities in rendering aid. Bomb squads searched the area. Many bystanders had dropped backpacks and other bags as they fled, requiring each to be treated as a potential bomb. Boston police commissioner Ed Davis recommended that people stay off the streets.

Police and other emergency workers on the scene

As a precaution, the FAA restricted airspace over Boston, and issued a temporary ground stop for Boston's Logan International Airport. Some Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority service was halted. Several cities in Massachusetts and other states put their police forces on alert. U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder directed that the "full resources" of the U.S. Department of Justice be brought to bear on investigating the explosions. The Navy sent one of its bomb-disposal units to Boston to help local authorities.

The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency suggested people trying to contact those in the vicinity use text messaging, instead of voice calls, because of crowded cellphone lines. Cellphone service in Boston was congested but remained in operation, despite some local media reports stating that cell service was shut down.

The American Red Cross helped concerned friends and family receive information about runners and casualties. The Boston Police Department also set up a helpline for people concerned about relatives or acquaintances to contact and a line for people to provide information. Google Person Finder activated their disaster service under Boston Marathon Explosions to log known information about missing persons as a publicly viewable file.

Due to the closure of several hotels near the blast zone, some out-of-town visitors were left with nowhere to stay; many Boston-area residents opened their homes to them.

Investigation

Hazmat workers near the scene

The Federal Bureau of Investigation, which is investigating the attack along with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), the Central Intelligence Agency, and the National Counterterrorism Center, is treating the bombings as a terrorist attack, though no perpetrator has officially been identified.

Richard DesLauriers, special agent in charge of the FBI Boston Field Office, addresses the media

At a press conference held at 6:00 p.m. on the day of the bombings, Boston police commissioner Edward F. Davis told reporters that no suspect was in custody. Though not treated as suspects, several people who were near the scene of the blast and the surrounding area were taken into custody and questioned about the bombings, including a Saudi man that police stopped as he was walking away from the explosion, and detained when some of his responses to questions "made them uncomfortable". Early in the morning on April 16, law enforcement officials searched a residence in the nearby Boston suburb of Revere, the home of the Saudi man, who had been injured by shrapnel and was considered to be a "person of interest". CNN also reported that the man was found to have no connection to the attack, with an unnamed U.S. official saying "he was just at the wrong place at the wrong time."

The FBI reports that this pressure cooker fragment is part of one of the explosive devices

United States government officials stated that there had been no intelligence reports that indicated such a bombing would take place. Representative Peter King, member of the House Intelligence Committee said: "I received two top secret briefings last week on the current threat levels in the United States, and there was no evidence of this at all."

A person who was briefed on the investigation said at least one of the devices was made from a pressure cooker packed with shards of metal, nails, and bearing balls to inflict maximum casualties and was placed in a backpack. The lid of one pressure cooker was found on a nearby rooftop. Investigators have found remains of an electronic circuit board that was possibly used in the timer of the bomb. Gun powder was most likely used in the explosive devices.

Suspects

On April 18 at around 5:20 P.M. EDT, the FBI released in a news conference photos and a video of two suspects and sought the public's help in identifying them. According to the FBI, one of the men pictured was seen placing a backpack at the scene minutes before the second bomb exploded.

MIT shooting and arrest

On April 18, a shooting occurred on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, near Building 32 (Stata Center) at 10:48 p.m. EDT (02:48 UTC, April 19). Multiple shots were fired. It was subsequently reported that an MIT police officer received multiple gunshot wounds. The officer was taken to Massachusetts General Hospital in nearby downtown Boston, where he was pronounced dead.

Police in Watertown reported that they exchanged gunfire with two suspects following the shooting, with explosions and automatic weapon fire heard. MIT's emergency alerts advised students to stay indoors, and later determined at 2 a.m. local time that the campus was safe.

During the morning of April 19, after a car chase, one suspect (referred to as "suspect number one" or "the black-hat suspect") was described by the police as "accounted for", and by media outlets as either captured or killed, while another was still being sought in the Watertown/Cambridge area. The Boston Globe has quoted "an official with knowledge of the investigation" as saying that the shooting suspects were the same men being sought in the Marathon bombings. The FBI released additional photos of the two suspects during the Watertown incident. Watertown resident Andrew Kitzenberg told MSNBC in an interview that he had seen one of the suspects use an explosive device in the firefight, and that he had seen one of them "go down" after charging the police while firing, either tackled or shot. Several sources report a suspect was surrounded by police and ordered to strip completely naked before being arrested and taken into custody.

At an impromptu police press conference, law enforcement officials confirmed that one of the suspects is dead, and "suspect number two" (the "white-hat suspect") is "still at large".

Reactions

Reaction to the bombings came soon from law enforcement, local and national politicians, and various heads of state.

Local

The MBTA public transit system, which was partly shut down, was under heavy National Guard and police presence. As a safety precaution, the NHL postponed a Boston Bruins hockey home game against the Ottawa Senators at TD Garden scheduled for April 15, to April 28 instead. The NBA's Boston Celtics game scheduled for April 16 against the Indiana Pacers was canceled since both teams' playoff seedings were already set. The Boston Symphony Orchestra canceled its April 15 performance.

National

President Barack Obama delivering a statement on April 15, 2013, in the aftermath of the bombings

President Barack Obama addressed the nation three hours and twenty minutes after the attack. He said that, while the perpetrator(s) were still unknown, the government would "get to the bottom of this" and that those responsible "will feel the full weight of justice". The President again addressed the American people the next day. He later described the bombing as terrorism, declaring, "Any time bombs are used to target innocent civilians, it is an act of terror." President Obama issued a proclamation ordering flags to half-staff until April 20 on all federal buildings as "a mark of respect for the victims of the senseless acts of violence perpetrated on April 15, 2013, in Boston, Massachusetts."

President Obama and wife First Lady Michelle Obama traveled to Boston on April 18 to attend and address an interfaith service at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross to honor the victims of the attacks.

A moment of silence was observed at the openings of the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and NYMEX on the day after the bombings. Moments of silence were also held at various events across the country including Portland, OR's Boston Remembrance Run held April 17 which drew over 1,000 runners in a silent show of support.

International

The bombings were denounced and condolences were offered by many international leaders.

Organizers of the forthcoming London Marathon, planned for April 21, reviewed security arrangements for their event, despite there not being any specific threats against it. Security measures were increased worldwide in the wake of the explosions in Boston.

The Russian government, which is holding several international sports events in the near future, including the 2014 Winter Olympics, stated that special attention will be paid to security at those events.

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