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Gauteng
Province of South Africa
Coat of arms of GautengCoat of arms
Motto: Unity in Diversity
Location of Gauteng in South Africa
Country	South Africa
Established	27 April 1994
Capital	Johannesburg
Districts	List City of Johannesburg City of Tshwane Ekurhuleni Sedibeng Metsweding West Rand
Government
• Type	Parliamentary system
• Premier	Nomvula Mokonyane (ANC)
Area
• Total	18,178 km (7,019 sq mi)
• Rank	9th in South Africa
Highest elevation	1,913 m (6,276 ft)
Population
• Total	12,272,263
• Estimate	12,728,400
• Rank	1st in South Africa
• Density	680/km (1,700/sq mi)
• Rank	1st in South Africa
Population groups
• Black African	77.4%
• White	15.6%
• Coloured	3.5%
• Indian or Asian	2.9%
Languages
• Zulu	19.8%
• English	13.3%
• Afrikaans	12.4%
• Sotho	11.6%
• Northern Sotho	10.6%
Time zone	UTC+2 (SAST)
ISO 3166 code	ZA-GT
Website	www.gautengonline.gov.za

Gauteng /xaʊˈtɛŋ/; Template:IPA-st) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. It was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first all-race elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially named Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging (PWV) and was renamed "Gauteng" in December 1994.

Situated in the heart of the Highveld, Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa, with only 1.5% of the land area, but it is highly urbanised and Johannesburg and Pretoria are located therein. Other large industrial areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark are also located in Gauteng. As of 2011, it has a population of nearly 12.3 million, making it the most populous province in South Africa.

Etymology

The name Gauteng comes from the Sesotho word meaning "Place of Gold", the Sesotho name for Johannesburg and surrounding areas. This referred to the thriving gold industry in the province following the 1886 discovery of gold in Johannesburg. The Sesotho word is a locative derived from the Afrikaans goud (gold) plus the locative suffix "-ng". When properly pronounced, the first letter of the name Gauteng is a voiceless velar fricative, pronounced similarly to the "ch" in the German achtung or Scottish loch and the same as the Dutch "g" or the Spanish "g" as in gente. The sound exists natively in Dutch, Sesotho and Afrikaans.

History

Gauteng, formerly known as Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging (PWV), was carved out of the old Transvaal province in 1994, although the terminology "PWV", describing the region existed long before that.

Gauteng's history can be traced back to the early 1800s when settlers originating from the Cape Colony defeated chief Mzilikazi and started establishing villages in what would later become Gauteng. After the discovery of gold in Johannesburg in 1886, the region proceeded to become the single largest gold-producer in the world. The older city Pretoria was not subject to the same attention and development. Pretoria grew at a slower rate and was highly regarded due to its role in the Second Boer War. However, the Cullinan Diamond which is the largest diamond ever mined was mined near Pretoria in a nearby town called Cullinan in the year 1905.

Gauteng has only been properly documented since the 1800s and as a result, not much information regarding its history predating the 1800s is available. However, at the Sterkfontein caves, some of the oldest fossils of hominids have been discovered, such as Mrs. Ples and Little Foot. These fossils provide evidence that prehistoric man roamed these parts of the world long before European colonists and settlers came to the region.

Many crucial events happened in present day Gauteng with regards to the anti-apartheid struggle, such as the Sharpeville massacre of 1960, the Rivonia Trial in 1963 and 1964 and the Soweto Uprising of 1976. Today, the Apartheid Museum stands testament to these struggles in Johannesburg.

Tokyo Sexwale was elected as the first premier of the province in the same year of its establishment.

Law and government

Two of South Africa's highest courts are situated in Gauteng: the North Gauteng High Court in Pretoria and the South Gauteng High Court in Johannesburg.

Johannesburg is home to one of four Labour Appeal Courts as well as the Constitutional Court of South Africa, located at Constitution Hill.

Since 6 May 2009, the premier has been Nomvula Mokonyane. Paul Mashatile, the former provincial minister of finance and economic affairs and the current provincial chairman of African National Congress (ANC) in the Gauteng Province, was Premier from 7 October 2008 until Mokonyane's election. He replaced former premier Mbhazima Shilowa, who was premier from 1999. Shilowa resigned in protest against the decision by the ANC national executive committee (NEC) to remove former president Thabo Mbeki from office.

Geography

Gauteng's southern border is the Vaal River, which separates it from the Free State. It also borders on North West to the west, Limpopo to the north, and Mpumalanga to the east. Gauteng is the only landlocked province of South Africa without a foreign border. Most of Gauteng is on the Highveld, a high-altitude grassland (circa 1,500 m or 4,921 ft above sea level). Between Johannesburg and Pretoria there are low parallel ridges and undulating hills, some part of the Magaliesberg Mountains and the Witwatersrand. The north of the province is more subtropical, due to its lower altitude and is mostly dry savanna habitat.

Climate

The climate is mostly influenced by altitude. Even though the province is at a subtropical latitude, the climate is comparatively cooler, especially in Johannesburg, at 1,700 m (5,577 ft) above sea level (Pretoria is at 1,330 m or 4,364 ft). Most precipitation occurs as brief afternoon thunderstorms; however, relative humidity never becomes uncomfortable. Winters are crisp and dry with frost occurring often in the southern areas. Snow is rare, but it has occurred on some occasions in the Johannesburg metropolitan area.

• Johannesburg averages: January maximum: 26 °C (78.8 °F) (min: 15 °C or 59 °F), June maximum: 16 °C (60.8 °F) (min: 4 °C or 39.2 °F), annual precipitation: 713 mm (28.1 in)
• Pretoria averages: January maximum: 29 °C (84.2 °F) (min: 18 °C or 64.4 °F), June maximum: 19 °C (66.2 °F) (min: 5 °C or 41 °F), annual precipitation: 674 mm (26.5 in)

Cities, Towns and Municipalities

Cities with a population of over 4 million

• Johannesburg
  

Cities with a population of over 3 million

• Ekurhuleni

Cities with a population of over 2 million

• Tshwane

Cities with a population below 1 million

• Emfuleni
• Mogale City
• Merafong
• Randfontein
• Westonaria

Gauteng is divided into three metropolitan municipalities, and three district municipalities which are further divided into eight local municipalities.

Districts

• City of Johannesburg
• City of Tshwane
• Ekurhuleni
• Sedibeng
• Metsweding
• West Rand

Local Municipalities

• Randfontein
• Midvaal
• Westonaria
• Mogale City
• Emfuleni
• Lesedi
• Nokeng Tsa Taemane
• Kungwini

Demographics

Gauteng Province is home to 12.2 million people (2011 South African National Census), almost 25% of the total South African population. Gauteng Province is also the fastest growing province, experiencing a population growth of over 33% between the 1996 and 2011 censuses, thus Gauteng now has the largest population of any province in South Africa, though the smallest area.

As of the census of 2011, there are 12,272,263 people and 3,909,022 households residing in Gauteng. The population density is 680/km². The density of households is 155.86/km².

About 22.1% of all households are made up of individuals. The average household size is 3.33.

The province's age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 15, 19.6% from 15 to 24, 37.9% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 27 years. For every 100 females there are 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 102.3 males.

In the province, 14.4% of residents speak Afrikaans at home, 12.5% speak English, 1.5% speak IsiNdebele, 7.3% speak IsiXhosa, 20.5% speak IsiZulu, 10.7% speak Sepedi, 13.1% speak Sesotho, 8.4% speak Setswana, 1.2% speak SiSwati, 4.2% speak Tshivenda, and 5.1% speak Xitsonga. 1.0% of the population speaks a non-official language at home.

76.0% of residents are Christian, 18.4% have no religion, 1.7% are Muslim, 0.5% are Jewish, and 0.8% are Hindu. 2.6% have other or undetermined beliefs.

8.4% of residents aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 11.2% have had some primary, 5.5% have completed only primary school, 34.3% have had some high education, 28.0% have finished only high school, and 12.6% have an education higher than the high school level. Overall, 40.6% of residents have completed high school.

56.1% of housing units have a telephone and/or mobile phone in the dwelling, 41.5% have access to a phone nearby, and 2.3% have access that is not nearby or no access. 82.8% of households have a flush or chemical toilet. 84.2% have refuse removed by the municipality at least once a week and 2.6% have no rubbish disposal. 47.2% have running water inside their dwelling, 83.6% have running water on their property, and 97.5% have access to running water. 73.2% of households use electricity for cooking, 70.4% for heating, and 80.8% for lighting. 77.4% of households have a radio, 65.7% have a television, 15.1% own a computer, 62.1% have a refrigerator, and 45.1% have a mobile phone.

25.8% of the population aged 15–65 is unemployed.

The median annual income of working adults aged 15–65 is R 23 539 ($3,483). Males have a median annual income of R 24 977 ($3,696) versus R 20 838 ($3,083) for females.

Statistics South Africa Census 2001

Ethnic group 2011 census

Economy

Gauteng is considered the economic hub of South Africa and contributes heavily in the financial, manufacturing, transport, technology, and telecommunications sectors, among others. It also plays host to a large number of overseas companies requiring a commercial base in and gateway to Africa.

Gauteng is home to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in Africa. Some of the largest companies in Africa and abroad are based in Gauteng, or have offices and branches there, such as Vodacom, MTN, Neotel, Microsoft South Africa and the largest Porsche Centre in the world.

Although Gauteng is the smallest of South Africa's nine provinces—it covers a mere 1.5% of the country's total land area, the province is responsible for a third of South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP). Gauteng generates about 10% of the total GDP of sub-Saharan Africa and about 7% of total African GDP.

Transport

SANRAL, a parastatal, is responsible for the maintenance, development and management of all national road networks in South Africa. SANRAL is responsible for instituting the Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project, which was met with a lot of opposition due to the tolling of Gauteng motorists. Many important national roads run through Gauteng such as the N1, N3, N4, N12, N14 and the N17. Johannesburg is quite dependant on freeways for transport in and around the city. The R21, R24, R59, M1 and M2 all run through Johannesburg.

PUTCO, the largest commuter bus operator in South Africa, services the Gauteng area extensively. The bus rapid transit system Rea Vaya also serves to transport people from Johannesburg's southern neighbourhoods into and around the CBD. In an interview, Parks Tau stated that by the year 2040, Johannesburg will be dominated by pedestrians and public transport as opposed to the use of private transport or informal transport, such as minibus taxis.

Gautrain and Metrorail both service the province's public transport sector where trains are concerned and Gautrain offers a bus service that transports commuters to and from various train stations and predetermined bus stops.

The OR Tambo International Airport, Rand Airport, Lanseria International Airport and Grand Central Airport are all located in Gauteng as well.

Education

Gauteng is a centre of learning in South Africa, and it has many universities and other educational institutions of higher learning.

• African Leadership Academy
• CTI Education Group
• Damelin
• Lyceum College
• Midrand Graduate Institute
• Monash University South Africa Campus
• Rabbinical College of Pretoria
• St Augustine College of South Africa
• Tshwane University of Technology
• University of Johannesburg
• University of Limpopo
• University of Pretoria
• University of South Africa
• University of the Witwatersrand
• Vaal University of Technology

In 2002, the Gauteng Department of Education founded an initiative called Gauteng Online in an attempt to get the entire province to utilize a wide assortment of electronic and telecommunications systems. In 2007, this initiative was handed over to the Gauteng Department of Finance.

In the 2013 national budget speech, it was announced that the Gauteng Department of Education would be granted over R700 million to improve education and to alleviate issues concerning the overcrowding in schools, a shortage in teaching staff and transport for poor pupils.

Conservation

Although Gauteng province is dominated by the urban areas of Johannesburg and Pretoria, it has several nature reserves.

Botanical gardens

• Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden
• Johannesburg Botanical Garden
• Pretoria National Botanical Garden

Nature reserves

• Rietvlei Nature Reserve
• Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve

Provincial reserves

There are 5 provincial reserves managed by the Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment and Land Affairs:

• Abe Bailey Nature Reserve
• Alice Glockner Nature Reserve
• Marievale Bird Sanctuary
• Roodeplaat Nature Reserve
• Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve

Private and municipal reserves

• Kromdraai Conservancy
• Krugersdorp Nature Reserve
• Rietvlei Nature Reserve
• Wonderboom Nature Reserve

Gauteng is also home to the Cradle of Humankind UNESCO World Heritage Site which includes the Sterkfontein caves and the Wonder Cave Kromdraai.

Sport and recreation

Gauteng is home to many stadia and sporting grounds, notably: Soccer City, Ellis Park Stadium, Odi Stadium, Loftus Versfeld Stadium, Orlando Stadium, Johannesburg Stadium and the Wanderers Stadium.

Several teams from Gauteng play in the country's top-level association football (more commonly referred to as soccer) league, the Premier Soccer League (PSL), including Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates. The national squad Bafana Bafana's home stadium is Soccer City in Johannesburg. During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the first ever world cup held by an African nation, Gauteng's stadia hosted many games. The first ever FIFA world cup match on African soil took place at Soccer City on 11 June 2010. Along with Soccer City, Loftus Versfeld Stadium and Ellis Park Stadium hosted matches in Gauteng.

Rugby, or more accurately rugby union, is a popular sport in South Africa, and in Gauteng in particular. Two rugby teams from Gauteng participate in the Southern Hemisphere Super Rugby championship: the Pretoria-based Bulls, and the Johannesburg-based Lions (previously the Cats). Three Gauteng-based teams play in the country's domestic competition, the Currie Cup: the Blue Bulls from Pretoria, the Golden Lions from Johannesburg and the Falcons from the East Rand. In 1995, South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and proceeded to win the tournament at Ellis Park Stadium on 24 June 1995. The events surrounding the world cup formed the basis of the story for the movie Invictus.

Cricket is also widely popular among all cultural groups in the country, and is the only sport to feature in the top two among all of South Africa's major ethnic/racial groups. The Highveld Lions represent both Gauteng and North West in the country's three domestic competitions—the first-class SuperSport Series, the List A one-day MTN Domestic Championship and the Twenty20 Standard Bank Pro 20 Series.

Many marathons take place in Gauteng, such as the Gauteng Marathon, the Arwyp Medical Centre 15 km Nite Race and the Trisport Joburg City Triathlon.

Gauteng's favourable weather conditions throughout the year make it an ideal hub for sports and other out door activities. This makes golf, horse racing and swimming very popular. The Vaal River facilitates water sports in the forms of jet skiing, water skiing and motor boating. Adventure sports are also quite popular in Gauteng, particularly skydiving, paragliding and hang-gliding.

The amusement park Gold Reef City is situated in Gauteng, as is the Johannesburg Zoo and the Pretoria Zoo. Botanical gardens in the province include the Pretoria and Walter Sisulu national botanical gardens maintained by the South African National Botanical Institute as well as the Johannesburg and Manie van der Schijff botanical gardens.

The Coca-Cola Dome and the Gallagher Convention Centre, which are both popular events and expos venues, are also located within Gauteng.

See also

• List of Speakers of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature

References

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External links

• Gauteng Provincial Government
• Gauteng Tourism Authority
• Mashatile elected to lead Gauteng

v t e Administrative divisions of South Africa
Capitals: Pretoria (executive) Bloemfontein (judicial) Cape Town (legislative)
Provinces	Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KwaZulu-Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga North West Northern Cape Western Cape
Municipalities	List of municipalities in South Africa By province Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KwaZulu-Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga North West Northern Cape Western Cape Types Metropolitan Local District Transitional
Settlements	By province Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KwaZulu-Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga North West Northern Cape Western Cape

26°S 28°E / 26°S 28°E / -26; 28

• Use dmy dates from September 2011
• Gauteng
• Provinces of South Africa
• States and territories established in 1994