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| Cidaris cidaris | |
|---|---|
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| Test of Cidaris cidaris | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Echinoidea |
| Order: | Cidaroida |
| Family: | Cidaridae |
| Genus: | Cidaris |
| Species: | C. cidaris |
| Binomial name | |
| Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| Synonyms | |
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Cidaris cidaris is a species of sea urchin commonly known as the long-spine slate pen sea urchin. It is found in deep water in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Description
Cidaris cidaris has a small central test from which project a number of long, blunt, widely separated primary spines and a dense covering of short secondary spines. The primaries are pale grey, often tipped with green and the secondaries are pale green. The test has a diameter of up to 8 cm (3.1 in) and the spines are twice as long as this. The sea urchin often has bits of algae, sponge or other organisms adhering to the spines.
Distribution
Cidaris cidaris is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea in deep water on coral, rock and gravel bottoms. Its range extends from Cape Verde, the Azores and the Canary Islands northwards to the Faroe Islands and Norway. It is also found on knolls and seamounts at depths down to about 1,800 metres (5,900 ft). It is widespread but not common.
Biology
Cidaris cidaris feeds on sponges, sea fans and algae.
Cidaris cidaris is one of a number of species of sea urchin that can suffer from bald sea urchin disease. In this condition, lesions occur on the epidermis with greening of the tissues and later necrosis. The surrounding spines fall out leaving a bald patch. If less than 30% of the body is affected, the animal usually recovers, with new tissue growing and the lost spines being regenerated. If the wound is more extensive or penetrates the test, the animal usually dies. The causative agent is a bacterium, normally gaining entry through a wound. In the laboratory, Vibno anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida have been found to initiate the disease but in the field, other bacteria may also be involved.
References
- ^ Kroh, Andreas (2012). "Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758)" (in Spanish). asturnatura.com. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- Tyler, P. A.; Gage, J. D. (1984). "The reproductive biology of echinothuriid and cidarid sea urchins from the deep sea (Rockall Trough, North-East Atlantic Ocean)". Marine Biology. 80: 63–74.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Jangoux, Michel (1987). "Diseases of Echinodermata: Diseases caused by micro-organisms" (PDF). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 2: 147–162. doi:10.3354/dao002147.