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Anna Jagellonica of Bohemia and Hungary (July 23, 1503 - January 27, 1547) was queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Queen-consort of the Romans and heiress of Bohemia and Hungary.

She was the elder child and only daughter of Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (1456-1516) and his fourth wife Anna of Foix-Candale. She was an older sister of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia, and his eventual heiress.

Her paternal grandparents were king Casimir IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, of the Jagello dynasty, and Elisabeth of Austria, one of the heiresses of Bohemia, duchy of Luxembourg and duchy of Kujavia. Her maternal grandparents were Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale and Catherine de Foix, Intanta of the Kingdom of Navarre.

Life account

She was born in Prague and for ther first three years of her life was the Heiress Presumptive to the thrones of Bohemia and the Kingdom of Hungary. The birth of her younger brother Louis on July 1, 1506 demoted her to second-in-line heiress. Her mother died on July 26 of the same year.

The death of Vladislaus II on March 13, 1516 left both siblings in the care of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. She was arranged to marry his grandson Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, second son of Queen regnant Joanna of Castile and her late husband and co-ruler Philip I of Castile.

Anne married Ferdinand on May 25, 1521 in Linz, Austria. At the time Ferdinand was controlling the Habsburg hereditary lands on behalf of his older brother Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

Her brother Louis was killed in the Battle of Mohács against Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire on August 29, 1526. This left vacant the thrones of both Bohemia and Hungary with Anne being his closest living relative. Ferdinand claimed both kingdoms in her right and was elected King of Bohemia on October 24 of the same year.

Hungary was a more difficult case. Suleiman had annexed much of its lands. Ferdinand was proclaimed King of Hungary by a group but a faction of Hungarian nobles refused to allow no foreign ruler to hold that title. They elected John Zápolya as a rival King and conflict between them and their successors would last until 1571.

In 1531 Ferdinand's elder brother Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor accepted Ferdinand as the successor to the empire, and Ferdinand was elevated to the title King of the Romans.

Anna and Ferdinand had a bunch of children, which was a respite to Bohemia and Hungary, for some centuries suffered from uncertain succession prospects as the number of direct heirs was precarious and they tended to die prematurely.

Meanwhile Anne served as Queen consort of Bohemia and one of two rival Queen consorts of Hungary until her death. She died in her native Prague.

After Anna's death, in 1556 Charles V abdicated and Ferdinand succeeded as Emperor.

Children

Anna and Ferdinand had fifteen children:

• Elisabeth of Austria (July 9, 1526 - June 15, 1545). In 1549 she was married to king Sigismund II Augustus of Poland and Lithuania, Anna's paternal first cousin, but did not have children.
• Maximilian (July 31, 1527 - October 12, 1576), the future emperor. Each of Maximilian's sons died without surviving issue, and the only child of his who left heirs was Anna, named after grandmother, whose son was Philip III of Spain.
• Anna of Austria (July 7, 1528 - October 16/October 17, 1590). Married Albert V, Duke of Bavaria.
• Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria (June 14, 1529 - January 24, 1595), the future Archduke of Further Austria.
• Maria of Austria (May 15, 1531–December 11, 1581). Married William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg.
• Magdalena of Austria (August 14, 1532 - September 10, 1590). A nun.
• Catharina of Austria (September 15, 1533 - February 28, 1549). In 1553 she was married to king Sigismund II Augustus of Poland and Lithuania, Anna's paternal first cousin and her own sister's (Elisabeth's) widower, but did not have children.
• Eleanor of Austria (November 2, 1534 - August 5, 1594). Married William I, Duke of Mantua.
• Margaret of Austria (February 16, 1536 - March 12, 1567). A nun.
• Archduke John of Austria (April 10, 1538 - March 20, 1539).
• Barbara of Austria (April 30, 1539 - September 19, 1572). Married Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara, but did not have children.
• Archduke Charles II of Austria (June 3, 1540 - July 10, 1590), the future Archduke of Inner Austria, who was to become father of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
• Ursula of Austria (July 24, 1541 - April 30, 1543).
• Helena of Austria (January 7, 1543 - March 5, 1574). A nun.
• Johanna of Austria (January 24, 1547 - April 10, 1578). Married Francis I, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Genetics

Anne of Bohemia was a direct matrilineal ancestor of Queen Victoria (and therefore of the last Russian czarina Alexandra Fyodorovna as well as HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh). Provided this genealogy is correct, Anne of Bohemia must therefore have been of mitochondrial haplogroup H according to tests on the latter two descedants.

• 1503 births
• 1547 deaths
• Praguers
• Habsburg
• German queen consorts