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Other article name candidates:

• Wokou War (Ho)
• Wokou Suppression War (平倭戰爭/抗倭戰爭)
• Wokou raids of the 16th century

The Great Wokou Raids of the Jiajing Era (嘉靖大倭寇) caused extensive damage to the coast of China in the 16th century, during the Ming dynasty. The term "wokou" originally referred to Japanese pirates who crossed the sea and raided Korea and China, but by the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–67) in the mid-Ming, the wokou consisted of (multinational, blah) with the majority of them being Chinese. The peak of wokou activity started in _____ and subsided in _____, with the greatest extent of the destruction reaching ____, ____, blah.

Background

• haijin
• the "wokou"
• ningbo incident (hosokawa vs ouchi)
• silver boom in japan and the entry of the portuguese
• the three-way relationship of the merchant-pirates, coastal gentry, and the government

• Zhu Wan vs Baldy Li and Xu Dong (rise and fall of shuangyu)
• Hu Zongxian vs Wang Zhi (pirate), Xu Hai
• Qi Jiguang's suppression
• The move to Fujian and the legitimization of Yuegang

Aftermath

• aftermath: rise of the sea lords

See also

• Naval history of China
• Golden Age of Piracy

Notes

References

• Chin, James K. (2010). "Merchants, Smugglers, and Pirates: Multinational Clandestine Trade on the South China Coast, 1520–50". In Antony, Robert J. (ed.). Elusive pirates, pervasive smugglers violence and clandestine trade in the Greater China Seas. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. pp. 43–57. ISBN 9789888028115. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Higgins, Roland L. (1980). "Pirates in Gowns and Caps: Gentry Law-breaking in the Mid-Ming". Ming Studies. 1980 (1). Maney Publishing: 30–37. Retrieved January 28, 2014. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ho, Dahpon David (2011). Sealords live in vain : Fujian and the making of a maritime frontier in seventeenth-century China (Ph.D.). UC San Diego. Retrieved January 28, 2014. {{cite thesis}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hucker, Charles O. (1974). "Hu Tsung-hsien's Campaign Against Hsu Hai". In Kierman, Frank A., Jr.; Fairbank, John K (eds.). Chinese Ways in Warfare. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 273–311. ISBN 0674125754. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
• So, Kwan-wai (1975). Japanese piracy in Ming China during the 16th century. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. ISBN 0870131796. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Wills, John E., Jr. (1979). "Maritime China from Wang Chih to Shih Lang: Themes in Peripheral History". In Spence, Jonathan; Wills, John E., Jr. (eds.). From Ming to Ch'ing : conquest, region, and continuity in seventeenth-century China. New Haven, London: Yale University Press. pp. 201–238. ISBN 0300026722. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)