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Picture Jeroen van den Bergh

Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh (born 1st of August 1965) is an environmental economist of Dutch origin who currently works and lives in Spain. He is ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and professor of Environmental and Resource Economics at VU University Amsterdam. He undertakes research on the interface of economics, environmental innovation research, energy analysis and climate studies. He has advised the Dutch government (ministries of economics, environment and transport) and various international organizations (UNEP, UNIDO, EU, OECD, WB) and NGOs about environmental, energy and climate policies. He was a member of the Energy Council of the Dutch government, and of the Advisory Council of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. He has supervised more than 20 PhD theses, and published 16 books (monographs and edited volumes) and more than 150 articles in refereed international journals. His work is much cited and received several prizes, including two major environmental awards. In terms of production and citations he belongs to the top 2% economists in Europe, and is the highest ranked environmental economist in Spain.

Academic career

Jeroen van den Bergh was born in 1965 in Ossendrecht (Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands), graduated in 1983 in Athenaeum Beta (cum laude) from Mollerlyceum in Bergen op Zoom, did a Propedeuse (cum laude) and Master (“Doctoraal”) in Econometrics (with a specialization in Operations Research) at Tilburg University. In 1988 he moved to Amsterdam to work at Vrije Universiteit (VU University Amsterdam) on a PhD thesis titled “Dynamic models for sustainable development” (defense in December 1991), supervised by professors P. Nijkamp and J.B. Opschoor. His thesis developed a range of formal models to study sustainability policies and environmental limits to economic growth: extended growth-cum-environment models, system-dynamic regional models, and economic models with mass/materials balance accounting to assure that economic analyses are consistent with physical-chemical principles. During his postdoc period he broadened his research to include topics like environment and trade, transport and environment, spatial equilibrium modelling with environment, materials-product chains, and meta-analysis. His work is unique in that, from the very start, it aimed to combine the best of mainstream (environmental economics) and heterodox (ecological economics) approaches. He thinks that each approach has advantages and disadvantages, and contributes to unravelling the complexity of environmental problems and their solutions.

In July 1997 he was appointed as full professor of Environmental Economics in the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration at VU University Amsterdam (VUA), and in January 2002 additionally as full professor of ‘Nature, Space and Water’ in the Institute for Environmental Studies of VUA. In this period he further extended his research to include environmental innovation, transition studies, behavioral and evolutionary economics, and economics of climate change. In September 2007 van den Bergh moved to Spain to become ICREAProfessor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). He currently is deputy director responsible for research of the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals) of UAB. In addition, he has a full professorship in Environmental and Resource Economics at VU University Amsterdam.

Main activities

Van den Bergh has made original contributions to many different research topics, including the cost and instruments of climate policy, environmental innovation and sustainability transitions, economic growth versus the environment, and environmental policy informed by economic psychology. He has a particular interest in applying evolutionary economics to understand environmental problems and their solutions. He has published more than 150 articles in renowned journals in each of aforementioned areas, is co-author of seven monographs and editor of nine books. His work involves various types of applied mathematical modelling, econometric-statistical analysis, conceptual studies, policy analyses, and critical examinations of indicators and methods.

Van den Bergh is/was a member of the editorial board of more than ten international journals, and is editor of the book series “Advances in Ecological Economics” of Edward Elgar Publishers (UK). He was (invited) editor of the section “Environmental Economics” in de Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (UNESCO, 2001). He is editor-in-chief of the Elsevier journal Environmental Innovation & Societal Transitions (http://www.journals.elsevier.com/environmental-innovation-and-societal-transitions). He was a member of the Advisory Council of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and a member of the Energy Council, the main advisory board on energy issues to the Dutch government, as well as chairman of various research programs in the areas of social and environmental sciences within the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). He is member of the scientific advisory board of the Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO). Van den Bergh is the editor of the Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics (1999, Edward Elgar Publ., 1300 pages), awarded “Outstanding Academic Title” in 2000 by Choice Magazine. This is generally regarded as the most complete overview of the field of environmental and resource economics, as well as a successful synthesis of mainstream and heterodox approaches. Two other important books result from projects undertaken under his guidance: Spatial Ecological-Economic Analysis for Wetland Management (2004, Cambridge University Press) with an integration of hydrology, ecology and economics, and Economics of Industrial Ecology (2005, The MIT Press) combining economics with energy and material flow analysis. These reflect his interest in multidisciplinary research. Last but not least, 22 researchers have successfully finished and defended a PhD/doctorate thesis under his supervision.

Research themes

Van den Bergh works or has worked on the following research themes:

Climate economics and policy

Over time, much of van den Bergh’s work, including on policy, valuation and environmental innovation, has gone more and more in the direction of climate studies, because he thinks this is by far the most serious environmental challenge we face. He developed an alternative for cost-benefit analysis of climate policy, a method that dominates the contributions by economists and generally the assessment of climate change and policy, according to which we should not implement very stringent climate change policy. He has systematically scrutinized the central assumptions of such studies. The alternative he offered involves 12 complementary views on the costs of safe climate policy. Recently, he provided new estimates of the social cost of carbon (SCC), important for defining “optimal” climate policy, based on critically reviewing the existing estimates and identifying various biases in these based on omitted categories of economic impacts of climate change, too low discount rates, risk and uncertainty, and risk aversion. In addition, he assessed the responsibilities for historical cumulative contributions to CO2 in the atmosphere by countries, from which it follows that China will around 2050 become the largest historical emitter of CO2.

A core concern of van den Bergh’s research is identifying effective climate policy, namely by undertaking systemic analyses and examining unintended, indirect effects of energy and climate policies. He has studied the adequate combination of environmental regulation (standards, taxes or tradable permits) and innovation policies (renewable energy subsidies) to avoid problems of “energy rebound”, “carbon leakage”, “green paradox” (oil market responses to climate policy) and “shifting of environmental problems” – what he has summarized as “escape routes” as they make energy-climate policies ineffective. His approach has been to consider the systemic effects of many well-intended climate-energy strategies. It turns out that many of these are ineffective in the absence of serious environmental regulation. Though necessary, environmental regulation alone is undesirable too, however. It may lead to a myopia bias, stimulating early dominance of cost-effective technologies and a focus on incremental rather than radical innovations. The general lesson of his research is that while a partial viewpoint on environmental policy is attractive as it keeps things simple, only a systems perspective identifies really effective solutions for energy scarcity and climate change.

He has argued that an effective climate policy package to close the various escape routes requires international cooperation and thus an international climate agreement to allow for consistent carbon pricing in all countries, direct technology support (some form of subsidy) to keep promising but expensive options open, and information provision to reduce biases resulting from bounded rationality of polluters (consumers and firms). An unresolved question, however, is how much subsidy reserved for renewable energy should be devoted to R&D and how much to market diffusion. He recently wrote a conceptual paper on this challenge with empirical illustrations for wind and solar energy.

Recent research also covers insurance against climate change impacts, notably related to flooding risks. This work was undertaken with Dr. Wouter Botzen from VUA. Here the specific combination of individual bounded rationality, extreme events and small probabilities has been confronted in various ways. One approach is econometric studies of data of individual decision making under low-probability/high-impact risks obtained with own questionnaires, using techniques like choice experiments.

Economic growth versus the environment

In 1996 van den Bergh wrote a Dutch-language article with Ruud de Mooij (in Dutch) classifying five main positions or viewpoints in the environment-versus-growth debate: moralist, pessimist, technocrat, sceptic and optimist (in 1999 translated and updated in English). He returned to this theme on various occasions, dealing with welfare limits to growth, progress indicators and happiness research, the information content of GDP, and the physical and biological limits to growth. A prize-winning paper has proposed the existence of what he calls “the GDP paradox” , namely that despite the broadly accepted criticism of GDP as a social welfare or progress indicator the majority of economists and politicians continues to give unconditional support to it. In a subsequent paper he showed the relevance of ignoring GDP as a progress indicator for policy responses to both climate change and the financial-economic crises.

Recently he was involved in an emerging debate on “de-growth”; he is critical of this idea and instead has elaborated an alternative one, namely “a-growth”: this denotes that being indifferent about economic growth follows logically from recognizing that in rich countries the core growth indicator GDP per capita is no longer unabiguously and strongly positively correlated with social welfare. His plea for a-growth reflects a refreshing position next to the polarized pro- and anti-growth views in the long-standing debate.

His recent work aims to provide further arguments for an a-growth strategy by showing that green growth is difficult in view of the enormous challenge to avoid dangerous climate change, as it means that we have to reduce the net CO2 intensity of our output (in $ or €) with at least 80%. He believes in the enormous flexibility of the economy to change if provided with consistent and strong incentives (like carbon prices). But he also likes to stress that our history of growth has gone hand in hand with energy use, and one should expect this to continue if the incentives for change are not implemented. Van den Bergh’s work provides little hope for the system to change by voluntary action and moral suasion of citizens. In addition, he undertook a range of empirical studies on the friction between growth and environmental aims.

Evolutionary economics and environmental innovation

Van den Bergh’s main theoretical achievement is perhaps the integration of evolutionary economics and modelling with environmental economics, which has resulted in a large number of technical, conceptual and policy papers, many with his PhD students, as well as a book Evolutionary Economics and Environmental Policy: Survival of the Greenest. Evolutionary thinking and modelling is become popular in the social sciences as it allows addressing social-economic-technological complexity characterized by diversity of actors, groups, firms, technologies, products and ideas, the change in which is driven by processes of innovation and multiple selection forces including markets and public policies. He is internationally recognized as one of the main researchers working on the interface of evolutionary and environmental economics. His first modelling work in this area, with Joailly Noailly and Cees Withagen, focused on the exploitation of renewable resources like fisheries, agriculture or irrigation.

Van den Bergh is elaborating this line of research currently to understand the microlevel problems and opportunities in fostering socio-technical transitions in sectors like energy and transport. He was co-winner of the 2013 Chris Freeman Award of the European Association for the Study of Science and Technology for an article on an evolutionary approach to this research. He wrote on various topics: the evolutionary microfoundations of macroeconomics, coevolution of individual behavior and institutions, evolutionary policies for environment and energy, and the potential role of group selection in the social sciences.

With Karolina Safarzynska he developed various evolutionary models, using different methods, to better understand the policy package needed to make a transition away from fossil fuels to renewable energy. They involve multi-agent models and systems of differential equations which deal with the energy transition and investments in renewable energy. Some of these models are inspired by models in biology, notably on the interaction between recombinant innovation, mutations and selection. Others compare rational and boundedly rational agents. Work with Nannen and Zeppini has addressed the role of information provision and prizes to give attention to green alternatives, and the importance of modular, recombinant innovation (like hybrid cars) to the feasibility and speed of transitions. With Zeppini he elaborated the famous model by Brian Arthur explaining lock-in of undesirable technologies and adapted this to an environmentally relevant transition setting.

One important innovation he has proposed in the context of evolutionary and innovation economics is the notion of “optimal technological diversity”. He formalised this in a mathematical model to offer a clear, concrete framework for deciding about strategies for diversity in renewable energy. A trade-off is needed here between the scale advantage of focusing on a few energy technologies and the diversity advantages of keeping technology options open and allowing for cross-fertilization (recombinant innovation). He has recently written about various other aspects of innovation in the areas of environment and climate. He also wrote on normative and positive aspects of “evolutionary policy”, i.e. policy inspired by evolutionary considerations.

He further wrote on the topic of environmental and climate innovation. This includes an empirical evaluation of the success and failure factors behind all large sustainability initiatives related to transport that have been undertaken in the Netherland in the past decades. One article identifies the peculiarities of environmental/climate innovations as compared with traditional, commercial innovations and the specific policies needed to foster them. A recent article examined how to allocate subsidies between R&D and market diffusion for renewable energy so as to promote long success of this industry.

Behavioral economics and environmental policy

Closely related to evolutionary economics is his interest in behavioral economics, i.e. theories of human bounded rationality and other-regarding or social behavior. The connection between behavioral and evolutionary economics is that the first provides an individual perspective on behavior whereas the latter studies interactions of many individuals in populations of heterogeneous agents. Including bounded rationality and social behavior means introducing more realism in environmental policy analysis, which traditionally assumes rational behavior of rather isolated consumers or producers, interacting mainly in markets. Other-regarding behavior is associated with informal networks and social preferences like altruism and envy, and with behaviors like imitation and status-seeking (sometime referred to as “limited self-interest”).

He wrote one of the first and most cited papers on bounded rationality and environmental policy in 2000. With Elisabeth Gsottbauer he provided a complete overview of the various aspects of behavioral economics and their implications for environmental policy. This focuses on deriving recommendations for more effective policies. The types of issues addressed were: decisions made under risk and uncertainty, intertemporal choice, decision heuristics, other-regarding preferences, heterogeneity, evolutionary selection of behaviors, and the role of happiness. These are equally relevant to studies of sustainable consumption, environmental valuation and policy design.

More generally, van den Bergh is interested in understanding the behavioral motivations for either or not giving support to environmental policies. Recently he applied behavioral economics to various stakeholders in an effort to understand better the opportunities for and barriers to an international climate agreement. Behavioral economics provides experimental evidence that decision-making in negotiation-like situations is influenced by systematic cognitive biases and social interaction. Gsottbauer and van den Bergh have examined the impact of these on international climate negotiations. Of special interest are fairness preferences (like inequity-aversion) for burden-sharing rules and behavioral responses to different framings of climate change and policy. The analysis considers the role of individual citizens, politicians, experts, and (professional) negotiators.

They find that reframing of climate change and policy needs more attention. Two effects are important here, namely attracting attention, which is characterized by negative news bias, and asymmetric risk attitudes to gains and losses (the so-called reflection effect in Prospect theory). With regard to the latter, the framing can focus on climate change impacts or on climate policy impacts. The likelihood of a climate agreement under negative frames (called “Gore” and “Bush”) and positive frames (called “Nordhaus” and “Stern”, after two famous climate economists) are examined. In view of the two aforementioned effects the best frame is suggested to be “Gore”. It is concluded that more involvement of (economic) psychologists in climate negotiations should be seriously considered.

Spatial and international aspects of environmental policy

Another theme on which van den Bergh has written a lot is the spatial and international dimensions of environmental policy. With van Beers he undertook one of the first (and much cited) studies to assess the impact of differences in environmental policy between countries on trade and location. One methodological problem tackled here was the construction of input and output indicator to capture the strength of environmental policy in various countries.

In addition, he addressed the notion of spatial sustainability: the best spatial organization of the economy to contribute to sustainability, that is, to minimize environmental pressure. This involves the first, now famous criticism of the ecological footprint with Verbruggen, and a set of related articles with Grazi. He has devoted much time to writing about environmental and economic performance indicators (see also the above theme growth and environment) as he beliefs these are a crucial basis for the design of good public policies. Addressing the broader theme, spatial sustainability in the context of endogenous firm and household locations, trade and transport, has given rise to an extension with Grazi of the famous Krugman model with environment, resulting in a complex spatial general equilibrium model. Associated work includes studies on regional and urban sustainability, transport and the environment.

Economics of biodiversity and terrestrial/marine ecosystem management

Van den Bergh has further worked on various projects related to biodiversity policy, ecosystem valuation and marine/fisheries economics. With Barendregt and Gilbert he developed a very ambitious spatial economic-hydroecological modelling approach to evaluate land use impacts in a large wetlands area in the centre of the Netherlands. This is in more detail reported in their earlier mentioned book Spatial Ecological-Economic Analysis for Wetland Management published by Cambridge University Press. Van der Heide et al. showed that the famous Weitzman criterion for biodiversity protection alters when not only genetic but also ecological information (about importance of species for other species because of ecosystem and foodweb relations) is taken into account. An article with Nunes considered all the arguments in favour and against biodiversity valuation. With Maestre et al. he studied unintended indirect (rebound) effects of biodiversity policy which make this policy less effective than possible.

A study with Hoekstra developed an ambitious mathematical model to consider optimal exploitation (harvesting) of a species (e.g. fisheries) if another species with a high conservation value ecologically interacts with it. He has applied several valuation methods (contingent valuation and choice experiment techniques) to assess the values of ecosystems and their management. A book Modeling and Policy Analysis of Exploited Marine Ecosystems, combining biology and economics (2006, Springer), collects his theoretical and applied studies with a research team on management of fisheries in the Dutch Waddenzee (Wadden Sea).

Recently he has worked on the economics of ocean acidification in the Mediterranean Sea due a higher CO2 concentration of the atmosphere. In a recent study published in PLoS One with Gagern trade data were translated to actual fishing weight, providing empirical evidence for the suspicion that there is structural overfishing of (Bluefin) tuna in various parts of the world.

Materials flows, mass balance and recycling in economic analysis

Van den Bergh’s early work addressed the integration of materials flow accounting and economic modelling, analysis of physical-technical limits to growth and substitution of materials by other production factors. This work started shortly after the Brundtland’s committee’s publication Our Common Future (1987) on global sustainable development and the founding of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (mainstream economics), and the International Society for Ecological Economics (more heterodox and multidisciplinary in nature). Van den Bergh has always worked on topics that fall in either field and written about their differences.

With Patricia Kandelaars he developed various models of material-product chains. He wrote a fundamental article on consistency of economic production functions with mass balance. With Bouman et al. he undertook a methodological comparison of various approaches to integrate materials flows analysis with economics. With Rutger Hoekstra he developed various input-output model techniques to deal with material flows and decomposition of factors of change in these. He developed (with R.U. Ayres) a much cited alternative theory of economic growth to study dematerialization of the economy. His above mentioned MIT Press book Economic of Industrial Ecology, collecting a range of models and methods to study physical flows in economies, also relates to this theme.

Limits to world population, subsidies, indicators and other themes

He performed a meta-analysis of all quantitative studies that have in the past estimated a limit to the world population. He arrived at a best meta-estimate of 7.2 billion people, and could identify method-specific biases of estimating such a limit, accounting for methods like spatial extrapolation, temporal extrapolation, multi-regional modelling, systems dynamic modelling, limited supply of a resource and hypothetical modelling. 

The foregoing does not exhaust the themes on which van den Bergh has published. Among others, it includes analysis of environmentally damaging off-budget (i.e. “hidden”) subsidies – work done with van Beers, and comparison and evaluation of aggregate environmental indicators.

Acclaim and awards

Few fellow economist and environmental scientist have been able to cover such a wide array of topics in a synthetic and policy-relevant manner, simultaneously touching upon fundamental ethical, paradigmatic and methodological issues. According to IDEAS/RePEc (http://ideas.repec.org/f/pva353.html), by various criteria, van den Bergh belongs to the top 1% economists in Spain and the top 2% in Europe, and is the highest ranked environmental economist in Spain, in terms of production and citations. His work has received many responses and acclaim, illustrated by 2060/2515/7541 citations, and an h-index of 23/25/44 (ISI Web of Science/Scopus/Google Scholar), which represent high scores in the social sciences. In addition, 11 of his articles are reprinted in “classic collections”. He is an elected member of the Academy of Europe (since October 2010). He received prizes for a book and two articles, and two general environmental science prizes: - He is co-winner of 2012 Chris Freeman Award of the European Association for the Study of Science and Technology, for an article in a special issue on sustainability transitions of the journal Research Policy 41 (2012). - His article “The GDP Paradox” published in Journal of Economic Psychology 30(2), was awarded a "Citation of Excellence" by the Emerald Management Reviews in 2010. - His Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics was named “Outstanding Academic Title” in 2000 by Choice Magazine. - He was awarded the 2011 Sant Jordi Environmental Prize (Premi Sant Jordi de Medi Ambient 2011) in recognition of contributions to the field of environmental and resource economics. - He was awarded the 2002 Royal/Shell Prize for research on ‘Sustainable Development, Environment and Resources’.

Published books

Monographs

1. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (1991), Dynamic Models for Sustainable Development, Thesis Publishers, Amsterdam, 274 pages (Ph.D. thesis). 2. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (1996), Ecological Economics and Sustainable Development: Theory, Methods and Applications, Edward Elgar Publ., Aldershot, UK, (2nd print), 312 pages. 3. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, K.J. Button, P. Nijkamp en G.J. Pepping (1997), Meta-analysis in Environmental Economics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 219 pages. 4. P.A.L.D. Nunes, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and P. Nijkamp (2003). The Ecological Economics of Biodiversity: Methods and Applications. Edward Elgar Publ., Cheltenham, UK, 165 pages. 5. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, A. Barendregt and A. Gilbert (2004). Spatial Ecological-Economic Analysis for Wetland Management: Modelling and Scenario Evaluation of Land Use, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 254 pages. 6. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, J. Hoekstra, R. Imeson, P. Nunes and A. de Blaeij (2006). Economic Modeling and Policy Analysis of Exploited Marine Ecosystems. Springer, Dordrecht, 263 pages. 7. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, A. Faber, A.M. Idenburg and F.H. Oosterhuis (2007). Evolutionary Economics and Environmental Policy: Survival of the Greenest. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 180 pages.

Edited volumes

8. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and J. van der Straaten (eds.) (1994), Toward Sustainable Development: Concepts, Methods and Policy, Island Press, Washington D.C., USA, 287 pages. 9. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, P. Nijkamp and P. Rietveld (eds.) (1996), Recent Advances in Spatial Equilibrium Modeling: Methodology and Applications. Springer, Berlin, 391 pages (based on own workshop). 10. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and J. van der Straaten (eds.) (1997), Economy and Ecosystems in Change: Analytical and Historical Approaches. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, 400 pages. 11. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and M.W. Hofkes (eds.) (1998), Theory and Implementation of Economic Models for Sustainable Development. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 327 pages (based on own workshop). 12. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (ed.) (1999), Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics. Edward Elgar Publ., Cheltenham, UK, 1328 pages (awarded “Outstanding Academic Title” by Choice Magazine, January 2001; 2nd print as paperback). 13. R.K. Turner, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and R. Brouwer (eds.) (2003), Managing Wetlands: An Ecological Economics Approach. Edward Elgar Publ., Cheltenham, UK, 328 pages. 14. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and M.A. Janssen (eds.) (2005). Economics of Industrial Ecology: Use of Materials, Structural Change and Spatial Scales. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 448 pages (based on own research projects and workshop). 15. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, K.J. Button and P. Nijkamp (eds.) (2007). Environmental Planning. Classics in Planning, vol. 8. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 38 chapters, 636 pages. 16. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and F. Bruinsma (eds.) (2008). Managing the Transition to Renewable Energy: Theory and Macro/Regional Practice. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 385 pages (based on a special session at a conference).

PhD students

Past PhD students who have received the doctorate degree: 1. P.P.A.A.H. Kandelaars, April 1997, “Economic Modelling of Materials-Product Chain Management”; co-promotor prof. dr. J.B. Opschoor (Free University, Amsterdam). 2. S.M. de Bruyn, December 1999, “Economic Growth and the Environment: An Empirical Analysis”; co-promotor prof. dr.J.B. Opschoor (Free University, Amsterdam). 3. P.J.H. van Beukering, March 2001, “Recycling, International Trade and the Environment: An Empirical Analysis”; co-promotor prof. H. Verbruggen (Free University, Amsterdam). 4. C. Rammel, January 2002, “Possibilities and Limits of Sustainable Development: An Evolutionary-Theoretical Perspective”; co-promotors Dr. P. Weish and Prof. dr. H. Wilfing (University of Vienna). 5. R. Hoekstra, October 2003, “Structural change of the physical economy: decomposition analysis of physical and hybrid-unit input-output tables” (Free University, Amsterdam). 6. J. Noailly, October 2003, “Coevolutionary modeling for sustainable economic development”; co-promotor prof. dr. C. Withagen (Free University, Amsterdam). 7. R. Imeson, January 2004, “Economic Analysis and Modelling of Fisheries Management in Complex Marine Ecosystems (Free University, Amsterdam). 8. M. van der Heide; July 2005, “Ecological-economic principles of nature policy”; co-promotor prof. dr. E.C. van Ierland (Free University, Amsterdam). 9. R. van der Kruk, December 2005, “Hedonic price analysis of wetlands using spatial econometrics”; co-promotor prof. dr. P. Rietveld (Free University, Amsterdam). 10. F. Grazi, 27 March 2007, Agglomeration, Transport and Environment: The Economics of Spatial Sustainability; co-promotor prof. dr. C. Carraro (School for Advanced Studies in Venice Foundation, University of Ca’ Foscari, Venice). 11. J. Hoekstra, 11 January 2007, Essays on integrated modeling with applications to marine ecosystem management (VU University Amsterdam). 12. F. Eppink, 5 June 2007, “Space for Species: Spatial Ecological-Economic Analyses of Biodiversity Conservation”; co-promotor prof. dr. P. Rietveld (VU University Amsterdam). 13. V. Nannen, 16 April 2009, Evolutionary modelling of systems in dynamic environments: climate change and other applications; co-promotor prof. G. Eiben (VU University Amsterdam). 14. W. Botzen, 19 January 2010, Economics of insurance against climate change (with the rare distinction “cum laude”, given to only 3 PhD candidates since 2000 in the respective faculty – Economics and Business Administration, VU University Amsterdam). In October 2010 this thesis was awarded the VU Societal Impact Award 2010. A revised version was published as a monograph by Cambridge University Press. 15. K. Safarzynska, 20 January 2010, Evolutionary modelling of transitions to sustainable development (with the rare distinction “cum laude”, given to only about 3% of all PhD candidates in the respective faculty – Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam). 16. M. Schaafsma, 26 January 2011, Spatial effects in stated preference studies for environmental valuation, VU University Amsterdam (with prof. R. Brouwer). 17. L. Brander, 22 June 2011, Economic valuation of landscape fragmentation, VU University Amsterdam (with profs. E. Verhoef and R. Florax). 18. J. Garcia, 29 June 2011, The moral herd: Groups and the evolution of altruism and cooperation, VU University Amsterdam (with Dr. M. van Veelen). 19. P. Zeppini, 13 December 2011, Behavioral models of technological change, University of Amsterdam (with prof. C. Hommes). 20. I. Logar, 25 November 2011. Tourism, resources and environment: Case studies in Croatia and Spain (with prof. J. Martinez-Alier), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, cum laude. 21. E. Gsottbauer, 26 April 2013. Behavioural economics and environmental policy: theory and experiments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, cum laude. 22. F. Sekulova, 28 June 2013 – Evaluating climate change and policy from the perspective of happiness, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

External links

References

  1. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies
  2. Environmental economics
  3. Ecological economics
  4. General discussions of ecological versus environmental economics: J. van den Bergh (2000). Ecological Economics: Themes, approaches, and differences with environmental economics. Regional Environmental Change 3(1): 13-23. T. Sterner and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (1998), Frontiers of Environmental and Resource Economics. Environmental and Resource Economics 11(3): 243-260. J. van den Bergh (2010). Externality or sustainability economics? Ecological Economics 69(11): 2047-2052. J. van den Bergh (2012). What is wrong with “externality”? Ecological Economics 74: 1-2.
  5. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Research
  6. Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
  7. Climate policy and the cost of climate change: J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2004). Optimal climate policy is a utopia: from quantitative to qualitative cost-benefit analysis. Ecological Economics 48: 385-393. J. van den Bergh (2010), Safe climate policy is affordable – 12 reasons, Climatic Change 101(3): 339–385. J. van den Bergh and W. Botzen (2014), A lower bound to the social cost of CO2 emissions. Nature Climate Change 4: 253-258. Botzen, W.J.W., J.M. Gowdy and J. van den Bergh (2008), Cumulative CO2 emissions: shifting international responsibilities for climate debt, Climate Policy 8: 569–576. Botzen, W., and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2014). Specifications of social welfare in economic studies of climate policy: Overview of criteria and related policy insights. Environmental and Resource Economics 58(1): 1-33.
  8. Effective energy-climate policy: J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2011). Energy conservation more effective with rebound policy. Environmental and Resource Economics 48(1): 43-58. van den Bergh, J.C.J.M. (2012). Effective climate-energy solutions, escape routes and peak oil. Energy Policy 46: 530–536. J. van den Bergh (2013). Policies to enhance economic feasibility of a sustainable energy transition. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sciences USA (PNAS) 110(7): 2436-2437. Logar, I., van den Bergh, J.C.J.M. (2013). The impact of peak oil on tourism in Spain: an input-output analysis of price, demand and economy-wide effects, Energy 54: 155-166. Antal, M., and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2013). Re-spending rebound: A macro-level assessment for OECD countries and emerging economies. Energy Policy 68: 585-590. Koseoglu, N.M., J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and J. Subtil Lacerda (2013). Allocating subsidies to R&D or to market applications of renewable energy? Balance and geographical relevance. Energy for Sustainable Development 17: 536-545.
  9. Insurance against climate change: P. Nijkamp and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (1998), Economic aspects of global environmental change impacts and response strategies in the Netherlands. Journal of Coastal Conservation 4: 161-168. Botzen, W., and van den Bergh, J. (2008), Insurance against climate change and flooding in the Netherlands: Present, future and comparison with other countries, Risk Analysis 28(2): 413-426. Botzen, W.J.W., J.C.J.H. Aerts and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2009). Dependence of flood risk perceptions on socio-economic and objective risk factors. Water Resources Research 45: 1-15. Botzen, W.J.W., J. van den Bergh and L.M. Bouwer (2010), Climate change and increased risk for the insurance sector: A global perspective and an assessment for the Netherlands, Natural Hazards 52 (3): 577-598. Botzen, W.J.W., L. Bouwer and J. van den Bergh (2010), Climate change and hailstorm damage: Empirical evidence and implications for agriculture and insurance, Resource and Energy Economics 32(3): 341-362. W.J.W. Botzen and J. van den Bergh (2011), Monetary valuation of insurance against flood risk under climate change, International Economic Review 53(3): 1005-1025. W.J.W. Botzen and J.C.J.M.van den Bergh (2012). Risk attitudes to low-probability climate change risks: WTP for flood insurance. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 82 (1): 151-166.
  10. Classification of perspectives in the debate: J. van den Bergh and R.A. de Mooij (1999). An assessment of the growth debate. In: J. van den Bergh, (ed.). Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 643-655. R.A. de Mooij and J. van den Bergh (2002), Growth and the environment in Europe: a guide to the debate, Empirica 29(2): 79-91. J. van den Bergh (2010), An assessment of Lomborg’s “The Skeptical Environmentalist” and the ensuing debate, Journal of Environmental Sciences 7(1): 23-52.
  11. The GDP paradox: J. van den Bergh (2009), The GDP Paradox, Journal of Economic Psychology 30(2): 117–135.
  12. A-growth: J. van den Bergh (2010), Environment versus growth – A criticism of “degrowth” and a plea for “a-growth”? Ecological Economics 70(5): 881-890. J. van den Bergh and G. Kallis(2012). Growth, a-growth or degrowth to stay within planetary boundaries? Journal of Economic Issues 46(4): 909-919.
  13. Growth and energy/climate: Ayres, R.U., and J. van den Bergh (2005), A theory of economic growth with material/energy resources and dematerialization: interaction of three growth mechanisms, Ecological Economics 55(1): 96-118. J. van den Bergh (2010), Relax about GDP growth: Implications for climate and crisis policies. Journal of Cleaner Production 18(6): 540-543. Ayres, R.U., J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, D. Lindenberger and B. Warr (2013). The underestimated contribution of energy to economic growth. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 27: 79-88. Antal, M., and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2013). Macroeconomics, financial crisis and the environment: Strategies for a sustainability transition. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 6: 47-66.
  14. Empirical analyses of growth versus environment: S.M. de Bruyn, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and J.B. Opschoor (1998), Economic growth and emissions: reconsidering the empiricial basis of environmental Kuznets curves. Ecological Economics 25: 161-175. R. Hoekstra and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2003). Comparing structural decomposition analysis and sector-level index number analysis. Energy Economics 25: 39-64. M.A. Janssen and J.C.J.M van den Bergh (2004). Into the black box of environmental Kuznets curves: Optimal growth and material resource use in two trading countries. The Annals of Regional Science 38: 93-112. Sekulova, F. and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2013). Income, climate and happiness: An empirical study for Barcelona. Global Environmental Change 23(6): 1467-1475.
  15. General theory of evolutionary economics and the environment: J. van den Bergh and J.M. Gowdy (2000), Evolutionary theories in environmental and resource economics, Environmental and Resource Economics 17(1): 37-57. P. Mulder and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2001), Evolutionary economic theories of sustainable development. Growth and Change 32(1): 110-134. J. van den Bergh and J.M. Gowdy (2003). The microfoundations of macroeconomics: an evolutionary perspective. Cambridge Journal of Economics 27(1): 65-84. J. van den Bergh and S. Stagl (2003), Coevolution of economic behaviour and institutions: towards a theory of institutional change, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 13 (3): 289-317. C. Rammel and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2003). Evolutionary policies for sustainable development: adaptive flexibility and risk minimising. Ecological Economics 47 (2): 121-133. J. van den Bergh, A. Faber, A.M. Idenburg and F.H. Oosterhuis (2006), Survival of the greenest: Evolutionary economics and policies for energy innovation, Environmental Sciences 3(1): 57-71. van den Bergh, J. (2007), Evolutionary thinking in environmental economics, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 17(5): 521-549. J. van den Bergh and J.M. Gowdy (2009). A group selection perspective on economic behavior, institutions and organizations. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 72(1): 1-20. Safarzynska, K., and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2010). Evolving power and environmental policy: Explaining institutional change with group selection. Ecological Economics 69(4): 743-752. J. García and J. van den Bergh (2011), Evolution of parochial altruism by multilevel selection, Evolution and Human Behavior 32: 277-287. K. Safarzynska, K. Frenken and J. van den Bergh (2011), Evolutionary theorizing and modelling of sustainability transitions, Research Policy 41: 1011-24. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and G. Kallis (2013). A survey of evolutionary policy: normative and positive dimensions: Journal of Bioeconomics 15(3): 281-303.
  16. Evolutionary modelling of resource exploitation: J. Noailly, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and C.A. Withagen (2003). Evolution of harvesting strategies: replicator and resource dynamics. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 13(2): 183-200. J. Noailly, J. van den Bergh and C.A. Withagen (2003), Evolution of harvesting strategies: replicator and resource dynamics, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 13(2): 183-200. Noailly, J., C. Withagen and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2007). Evolution of social norms in a common-pool resource game. Environmental and Resource Economics 36(1): 113-141. Noailly, J., J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and C. Withagen (2009). Local and global interactions in an evolutionary resource game. Computational Economics 33(2): 155-173.
  17. Evolutionary modelling of an energy transition: Safarzynska, K., and J. van den Bergh (2010), Demand-supply coevolution with multiple increasing returns: Policy analysis for unlocking and system transitions, Technological Forecasting and Social Change 77(2): 297–317. Nannen, V., and J. van den Bergh (2010), Policy instruments for evolution of bounded rationality: Application to climate-energy problems, Technological Forecasting and Social Change 77(1): 76–93. K. Safarzynska and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2010). Evolutionary modelling in economics: A survey of methods and building blocks. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 20(3): 329-373. P. Zeppini and J. van den Bergh (2011), Competing recombinant technologies for environmental innovation: Extending Arthur’s model of lock-in, Industry and Innovation 18 (3): 317–334. K. Safarzynska and J. van den Bergh (2011), Industry evolution, rational agents and the transition to sustainable electricity production, Energy Policy 39(10): 6440-52. K. Safarzynska and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2011). Beyond replicator dynamics: Innovation-selection dynamics and optimal diversity. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 78(3): 229-245. V. Nannen, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and A.E. Eiben (2013). Impact of environmental dynamics on economic evolution: A stylized agent-based policy analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 80(2) 329-350. K. Safarzynska and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2013). An evolutionary model of energy transitions with interactive innovation-selection dynamics. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 23: 271-293.
  18. Optimal diversity in renewable energy: J. van den Bergh (2008), Optimal diversity: Increasing returns versus recombinant innovation, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 68(3-4): 565-580. S.T.A. van den Heuvel and J. van den Bergh (2009), Multilevel assessment of diversity, innovation and selection in the solar photovoltaic industry, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 20(1): 50-60. K. Safarzynska and J. van den Bergh (2011). Beyond replicator dynamics: Innovation-selection dynamics and optimal diversity. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 78(3): 229-245. P. Zeppini and J. van den Bergh (2013), Optimal diversity in investments with recombinant innovation, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 24: 141-156.
  19. Environmental and climate innovation: J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, E.S. van Leeuwen, F.H. Oosterhuis, P. Rietveld, and E.T. Verhoef (2007). Social learning by doing in sustainable transport innovations: ex-post analysis of common factors behind successes and failures. Research Policy 36: 247-259. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, B. Truffer and G. Kallis (2011). Environmental innovation and societal transitions: Introduction and overview. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 1(1): 1-23. J. van den Bergh (2013), Environmental and climate innovation: Limitations, policies and prices, Technological Forecasting and Social Change 80(1):11-23. Koseoglu, N.M., J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and J. Subtil Lacerda (2013). Allocating subsidies to R&D or to market applications of renewable energy? Balance and geographical relevance. Energy for Sustainable Development 17: 536-545.
  20. Overviews of behavioral economics and environmental policy: J. van den Bergh, A. Ferrer-i-Carbonell, and G. Munda (2000), Alternative models of individual behaviour and implications for environmental policy, Ecological Economics 32(1): 43-61. E. Gsottbauer, and J. van den Bergh (2010), Environmental policy theory given bounded rationality and other-regarding preferences, Environmental and Resource Economics 49(2): 263-304. 147.
  21. Consumers and bounded rationality: A. Ferrer Carbonell and J. van den Bergh (2004), A micro-econometric analysis of determinants of unsustainable consumption in The Netherlands, Environmental and Resource Economics 27: 367-89. J. van den Bergh (2008), Environmental regulation of households? An empirical review of economic and psychological factors, Ecological Economics 66: 559-74. W. Botzen, and J. van den Bergh (2009). Bounded rationality, climate risks and insurance: Is there a market for natural disasters? Land Economics 85(2): 266-279.
  22. Behavioral economics of an international climate agreement: E. Gsottbauer and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2013). Bounded rationality and social interaction in negotiating a climate agreement. International Environmental Agreements 13: 225-249.
  23. Al gore
  24. George W. Bush
  25. William Nordhaus
  26. Nicholas Stern
  27. International trade and environmental policy: C. van Beers and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (1996), An overview of methodological approaches in the analysis of trade and environment. Journal of World Trade 30: 143-167. C. van Beers and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (1997), An empirical multi-country analysis of the impact of environmental regulations on foreign trade. Kyklos 50: 29-46. C. van Beers en J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2003). Environmental regulation impacts on international trade: aggregate and sectoral analyses with a bilateral trade flow model. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 3(1): 14-29.
  28. Spatial sustainability and ecological footprint critique: J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and H. Verbruggen (1999), Spatial sustainability, trade and indicators: an evaluation of the ‘ecological footprint’, Ecological Economics 29(1): 63-74. J.E. Vermaat, F. Eppink, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, A. Barendregt and J. van Belle (2004). Aggregation and the matching of scales in spatial economics and landscape ecology: empirical evidence and prospects for integration. Ecological Economics 52: 229-237. Hubacek, K., and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2006). Changing concepts of ‘land’ in economic theory: From single to multi-disciplinary approaches. Ecological Economics 56(1): 5-27. F. Grazi, J. van den Bergh and P. Rietveld (2007), Welfare economics versus ecological footprint: modeling agglomeration, externalities and trade, Environmental and Resource Economics 38(1): 135-153. J. van den Bergh and F. Grazi (2010), On the policy relevance of ecological footprints, Environmental Science and Technology 44(13): 4843–4844. Grazi, F., and J. van den Bergh (2014). Footprint policy? Land use as an environmental indicator. Journal of Industrial Ecology 18(1): 10-19.
  29. Paul Krugman
  30. Regional, urban and transport aspects of environmental policy: J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and P. Nijkamp (1991), A general dynamic economic-ecological model for regional sustainable development, Journal of Environmental Systems 20: 189-214. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (1997), Economy-wide effects of freight transport in a spatial general equilibrium setting, International Journal of Transport Economics 24(1): 97-117. E.T. Verhoef, K.J. Button and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (1997), Transport, spatio-economic equilibrium and global sustainability. Environment and Planning A 29: 1195-1213. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and K.J. Button (1997), Meta-analysis of environmental issues in regional, urban and transport economics. Urban Studies 34: 927-944. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and P. Nijkamp (1998), A Multiregional perspective on growth and environment: the role of endogenous technology and trade. Annals of Regional Science 32: 115-131. S. Proost, et al., J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (12 authors in total) (2002). How large is the gap between present and efficient transport prices in Europe? Transport Policy 9: 41-57. F. Grazi and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2008). Spatial organization, transport, and climate change: Comparing instruments of spatial planning and policy. Ecological Economics 67(4): 630-639. F. Grazi, J. van den Bergh and J.N. van Ommeren (2008), An empirical analysis of urban form, transport, and global warming, The Energy Journal 29(4): 97-122.
  31. Biodiversity policy: P. Nunes and J. van den Bergh (2001), Monetary valuation of biodiversity: sense or nonsense? Ecological Economics 39(2): 203-222. J. van den Bergh en J.M. Holley (2002). An environmental-economic assessment of genetic modification of agricultural crops. Futures 34 (9-10): 802-822. Eppink, F.V., J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and P. Rietveld (2004). Modelling biodiversity and land use: urban growth, agriculture and nature in a wetland area. Ecological Economics 51(3–4): 201-216. van der Heide, C.M., J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and E.C. van Ierland (2005). Extending Weitzman's economic ranking of biodiversity protection: combining ecological and genetic considerations. Ecological Economics 55: 218-223. F. Eppink and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2007). Ecological theories and indicators in economic models of biodiversity loss and conservation: a critical review. Ecological Economics, 61: 284-293. S. Maestre, L. Calvet Calvet, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, I. Ring and P. Verburg (2012). Ineffective biodiversity policy due to five rebound effects. Ecosystem Services 1: 101-110.
  32. Terrestrial ecosystem management: R.K. Turner, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, T. Söderqvist, A. Barendregt, J. van der Straaten, E. Maltby, and E.C. van Ierland (2000), Ecological-economic analysis of wetlands: scientific integration for management and policy. Ecological Economics 35(1): 7-23. Ayres, R.U., J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and J.M. Gowdy (2001). Strong versus weak sustainability: economics, natural sciences and ‘consilience’, Environmental Ethics 23 (1): 155-168. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, A. Barendregt, A. Gilbert, M. van Herwijnen, P. van Horssen, P. Kandelaars en C. Lorenz (2001). Spatial economic-hydroecological modelling and evaluation of land use impacts in the Vecht Wetlands area. Environmental Modelling and Assessment 6(2): 87-100. J. Hoekstra and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2005). Harvesting and conservation in a predator-prey system. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 29(6): 1097-1120. Eppink, F.V., P. Rietveld, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, J.E. Vermaat, M.J. Wassen and M. Hilferink (2008). Internalising the costs of nutrient deposition and fragmentation in a decision support tool for spatial planning: an application to the Netherlands. Land Use Policy 25: 563-578. van der Heide, C.M., J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, P. Nunes and E.C. van Ierland (2008). Economic valuation of habitat defragmentation: A study of the Veluwe, the Netherlands. Ecological Economics 67: 205-216. A. Ghermandi, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, L.M. Brander, H.L.F. de Groot and P.A.L.D. Nunes (2010). The values of natural and human-made wetlands: A meta-analysis. Water Resources Research 46, W12516, doi:10.1029/2010WR009071.
  33. Fisheries and marine ecosystem management: J. van den Bergh and P. Nijkamp (1994), An integrated model for economic development and natural environment: An application to the Greek Sporades Islands, The Annals of Operations Research 54: 143-174. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, P.A.L.D Nunes, H.M. Dottinga, W.H.C.F. Kooistra, E.G. Vrieling, L. Peperzak, (2002). Exotic harmful algae in marine ecosystems: an integrated biological-economic-legal analysis of impacts and policies. Marine Policy 26(1): 59-74. R. Imeson, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh en J. Hoekstra (2002). Integrated Models of Fisheries Management and Policy. Environmental Modelling and Assessment 7(4): 259-271. R. Imeson and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2004). A bioeconomic analysis of a shellfishery: the effects of recruitment and habitat in a metapopulation model. Environmental and Resource Economics 27: 65-86. P. Nunes and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2004). Can people value protection against exotic marine species? Evidence from a joint TC-CV survey in the Netherlands. Environmental and Resource Economics 28: 517-532. Imeson, R., and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2006). Policy failure and stakeholder dissatisfaction in complex ecosystem management: The case of the Dutch Wadden Sea shellfishery. Ecological Economics 56(4): 488-507. P.A.L.D. Nunes, A.T. de Blaeij, and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2009). Decomposition of warm glow for multiple stakeholders: Stated choice valuation of shellfishery policy. Land Economics 85(3): 485-499. Logar, I., and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2012). Respondent uncertainty in contingent valuation of preventing beach erosion: An analysis with a polychotomous choice question. Journal of Environmental Management 113: 184-193. A. Gagern and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2013). Trade-based estimation of Bluefin tuna catches in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, 2005-2011. PLoS ONE 8(7), e69959. 138. L. Rodrigues, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and A. Ghermandi (2013). Socio-economic impacts of ocean acidification in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Policy 38:447-456.
  34. General models of materials accounting, mass balance and economics: J.van den Bergh and P. Nijkamp (1991), Operationalizing sustainable development: dynamic ecological-economic models, Ecological Economics 4: 11-33. J. van den Bergh (1993), A framework for modelling economy-environment-development relationships based on dynamic carrying capacity, materials balance and sustainable development feedback, Environmental and Resource Economics 3: 395-412. J. van den Bergh and P. Nijkamp (1994), Dynamic macro modelling and materials balance: Economic-environmental integration for sustainable development, Economic Modelling 11: 283-307. M. Bouman, R. Heijungs, E. van der Voet, J. van den Bergh and G. Huppes (2000), Material flows and economic models: an analytical comparison of SFA, LCA and partial equilibrium models, Ecological Economics 32(2): 195-216. P. Kandelaars en J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2001). A Survey of material flows in economic models. International Journal of Sustainable Development 4(3): 282-303.
  35. Our Common Future
  36. European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists
  37. International Society for Ecological Economics
  38. Materials-product chains and recycling: P. Kandelaars and J. van den Bergh (1996), Materials-product chains: theory and an application, Environmental and Resource Economics 8: 97-118. P. Kandelaars, J.B. Opschoor, and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (1996), A dynamic simulation model for materials-product chains: An Application to gutters. Journal of Environmental Systems 24: 345-371. J.B. Guinée, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, et al. (8 authors) (1999), Evaluation of risks of metal flows and accumulation in economy and environment. Ecological Economics 30 (1): 47-65. P. van Beukering en J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2006). Modelling and analysis of international recycling between developed and developing countries. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 46: 1-26.
  39. Mass-balance production functions: J. van den Bergh (1999), Materials, capital, direct/indirect substitution, and materials balance production functions, Land Economics 75 (4): 547-561.
  40. Input-output models and materials accounting: R. Hoekstra and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2002). Structural I/O Decomposition Analysis of Material Flows through the Economy. Environmental and Resource Economics 23: 357-378. R. Hoekstra and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2006). The impact of structural change on physical flows in the economy: Forecasting and target analysis using structural decomposition analysis Land Economics 82(4): 582-601. Hoekstra, R., and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2006). Constructing physical input-output tables for environmental modeling and accounting: Framework and illustrations. Ecological Economics 59(3): 375-393.
  41. Limits to world population: J. van den Bergh and P. Rietveld (2004), Reconsidering the limits to world population: Meta-analysis and meta-prediction, BioScience 54(3): 195-204.
  42. Environmentally harmful subsidies: C. van Beers en J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2000). Perseverance of perverse subsidies and their impact on trade and the environment. Ecological Economics 36(3): 475 – 486. van Beers, C., J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, A. de Moor and F.H. Oosterhuis (2007). Determining the environmental effects of indirect subsidies: Integrated method and application to the Netherlands. Applied Economics 39: 2465-2482. Beers, C. van, and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2009). Environmental harm of hidden subsidies: Global warming and acidification. AMBIO 38(6): 339-341.
  43. Environmental and progress indicators: J.C.J.M. van den Bergh and D.B. van Veen-Groot (2001). Constructing aggregate environmental-economic indicators: a comparison of 12 OECD countries. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies 4(1): 1-16. J.R. Pillarisetti and J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (2010). Sustainable nations: What do aggregate indexes tell us? Environment, Development and Sustainability 12(1): 49-62. J.R. Pillarisetti and J.C.J.M. van den bergh (2013). Aggregate indices for identifying environmentally responsible nations: an empirical analysis and comparison. International Journal of Environmental Studies 70(1): 140-150.
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