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Hyksos

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The Hyksos (ancient Egyptian: "rulers of foreign countries") were a Semitic people, who invaded Ancient Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.

Manetho, who wrote his Aegypticia during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, excerpts of which survive in Flavius Josephus' work Contra Apionem, related the story of the "invasion" of the land by the Hyksos. Manetho recorded that this happened during the reign of one "Tutimaios" (who has been identified with Dudimose I). Their leader Salitis founded the Fifteenth Dynasty, based at Avaris. Both the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Dynasties are considered Hyksos dynasties.

Some archeologists believe they introduced the chariot and composite bow to Egypt as weapons of war.

The Hyksos ruled Egypt for over a century, until they were finally defeated by Pharaoh Amasis I of the Eighteenth Dynasty.

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