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The Sultanate of Harar was a Harari and Somali kingdom in Harar, situated in present-day Ethiopia. It succeeded the Adal Sultanate, and was founded by Amīr Nur ibn Mujahid to carry on the Conquest of Abyssinia (Futuh al-Habash) of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Imām Aḥmed Gurēy). The Sultanate of Harar's dynastic leadership was vied between the relatives of Imām Aḥmed Gurēy and the family of ʿIsmān AlḤabashi, Amīr Nūr's chosen successor. Due to encroaching Oromo movements from the south, it was ultimately a short lived state, lasting only 18 years (albeit 51 years with the reign of Imām Aḥmed Gurēy as a start). The Sultanate's capital was subsequently moved east to the oasis of Awsa by Imām Maḥamed "Jāsa" Ibrahim, who founded the Imamate of Awsa.
Rulers of the Sultanate of Harar
| Name | Reign | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imām Aḥmed Ibrahīm | 1526 - 1543 | Also known as Ahmed Gurey or Ahmed Gran. The conqueror, cousin of Garād Abūn ʿAdādshe of Hubat both of the Karanle Hawiye. He ruled Adal in all but name and launched a conquest of the Ethiopian highlands. While not technically a Sultan of Harar, no list is complete without him. | |
| Bāti Dēlōmbira Maḥfūẓ | 1543 - 1559 | Occasionally rendered awkwardly as Del-Wambara, she was the daughter of Imām Maḥfūẓ of Zeila and Imām Aḥmed Gurēy's widow. She was the de facto ruler following his death, and married Amīr Nūr. | |
| 1 | Amīr Nūr "Dhuhi-Suha" ʿAli | 1559 - 1567 | The Marehan Amir of Harar, he is the true founder of the Sultanate of Harar. He built the walls that surrounded the Harari city. |
| 2 | Amīr ʿIsmān "AlḤabashi" | 1567 - 1569 | A former Abyssinian slave of Amīr Nūr, he was murdered shortly after becoming Sultan, sparking a struggle between his sons and the descendants of Garād Abūn ʿAdādshe over who would rule Harar. |
| 3 | Sulṭān Ṭalḥa ʿAbbās | 1569 - 1571 | Son of Wazir ʿAbbās Abūn and grandson of Garād Abūn ʿAdādshe |
| 4 | Sulṭān Nāssir ʿIsmān | 1571 - 1572 | Son of Amīr ʿIsmān AlḤabashi |
| 5 | Sulṭān Maḥamed Nāssir | 1572 - 1573 | Son of Sulṭān Nāssir ʿIsmān |
| 6 | Sulṭān Mansūr Maḥamed | 1573 - 1577 | Son of Sulṭān Maḥamed Nāssir |
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