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Tabiti was the chief deity of the Scythians, the goddess of the hearth, and was equivalent to the Greek goddess Hestia. Tabiti means "the one who heats" and perhaps symbolises the sacred element of fire, being linked to the cult of fire.

Name

The origin of the word is uncertain, however various etymological attempts have been proposed:

  • German linguist Harald Haarmann derives "Tabiti" from the Proto-Indo-European word root *tap- ("heat up; stir up (of fire)") and lists Old Iranian tapayati ("the one who stirs up the fire") as a cognate term. Further cognates include Sanskrit tap-, tapati- Russian топить (tapíť, tòpiti, "to heat"), Latin tepidus ("warm"), Hittite tapašša ("heat, fever"), Irish tine, Cymric tán ("fire") and Avestan tafnu- ("fever").
  • Turkish-Tatar Etruscologist Adile Ayda derives "Tabiti" from the Turkic word tap, tabynu ("to worship"), corroborated by Etruscan than, to beseech with the Etruscan version of the God(dess) Tabiti.
  • Montclair State University Professor H. Mark Hubey connects "Tabiti" with a whole host of Turkic words related to fire, heating, metal working, fire-worship and branding, specifically beginning with the roots tap-/tab-/tam-/tep-/tev-/tem-, forming words such as: tıbır ("hearth, fireplace"), temir ("iron"), taba ("frying pan"), tabak/tepir/tevsi/tepsi ("metal plate, dish"), tamĝa ("stamp, brand"), tab/tap ("scar, mark on the body"), tabın/tapın ("to worship"), tablaw ("forging; smithery"), tap- ("service"), tam ("home, hearth, fire"), tamū ("hell"), tav ("proper heat"), taŋ ("sky, sunrise, daylight"), kav ("tinder"). Although it is said that many of these words are borrowed from Persian, Hubey argues that there is a great deal of evidence to show these words and others like them were not borrowed from Iranian but the reverse, since these words are also related to the words for forging, which are commonly rooted in the proposed Proto-Altaic root words *t`áp`à ("to worship"), *t`ébo ("to help, assist, serve"), *t`ep`V ("warm, to burn"). Hubey further connects these Turkic words with the Hurrian root tab-/taw- ("to cast metal"), Sumerian tibira ("iron") and Etruscan Tiber ("iron mines on the river Tiber").

References

  1. Hdt. 4.59.
  2. G. Dumézil, Romans de Scythie et d'alentour (Paris, 1978), p.143.
  3. Mariko Namba Walter, Eva Jane Neumann Fridman, Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, 2004, page 605.
  4. Christoph Baumer, The History of Central Asia: The Age of the Steppe Warriors, I.B.Tauris, 2012, p.236
  5. Harald Haarmann, Skythisch, 1. Geschichte und Kultur der Skythen. p.920.
  6. http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=tap&trans=Translate&direction=AU
  7. http://www.heinrich-tischner.de/22-sp/2wo/wort/idg/kelt/tene.htm
  8. Adile Ayda, Etrüskler (Tursakalar) Türk idiler. İlmî Deliller. Ankara: 1992.
  9. ^ H. M. Hubey, Akkadian and Prototurkic, First chapter e.g. Akkadian words beginning with /a/. Version 1a. 2003, In: Uysal – Walker Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative.
  10. Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Vladimir; Mudrak, Oleg (2003). "*t`áp`à". Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. {{cite book}}: External link in |contribution= (help)
  11. Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Vladimir; Mudrak, Oleg (2003). "*t`ébo". Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. {{cite book}}: External link in |contribution= (help)
  12. Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Vladimir; Mudrak, Oleg (2003). "*t`ep`V". Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. {{cite book}}: External link in |contribution= (help)