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Total Nonstop Action (TNA) Wrestling is an American privately held professional wrestling promotion based in Nashville, Tennessee, dealing primarily in professional wrestling, with major revenue sources also coming from live events, product licensing, and direct product sales. Founded by its former president, Jeff Jarrett, and former CEO, Jerry Jarrett in 2002, it is one of the largest wrestling promotions in the world and the second-largest in the United States after WWE.

Panda Energy International (a.k.a. Panda Energy) purchased a controlling interest (71%) in the company in 2002 from Jerry. Jeff, the company's former Vice President and former Executive Vice President of Development/Original Programming, remains as minority owner (29%) and investor of the organization even with his departure from the promotion as Executive Vice President of Development/Original Programming on December 22, 2013. Panda Energy founder Robert Carter and Panda Energy President and Chief Executive Officer Janice Carter's daughter, Dixie, is president of TNA. The company's headquarters are located in Nashville, Tennessee. The company previously bore the name "NWA Total Nonstop Action"—at the time of its formation it belonged to the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). TNA was granted exclusive rights to both the NWA World Heavyweight Championship and the NWA World Tag Team Championship. TNA withdrew from the NWA in 2004, but was permitted to continue to use the championships until the NWA abrogated the agreement in May 2007. TNA became the first American promotion to make exclusive use of a six-sided wrestling-ring (as opposed to the more conventional four-sided ring). However, in 2010, the company reverted to the standard four-sided ring. The organization also employed the unconventional rule that a championship can change hands as the result of a disqualification or count-out, but has since phased out this rule.

History

Formation

The concept of TNA originated shortly after the end of World Championship Wrestling (WCW). Bob Ryder, Jeff Jarrett, and Jerry Jarrett went on a fishing trip and contemplated their futures in the sport of wrestling. Only one wrestling product remained on U.S. national television: the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). Ryder felt that this situation led many television stations to regard wrestling as bad for business; he suggested a company not reliant on television, but rather one going straight to pay-per-view.

The Jarretts found the help they needed, and the company put on its first show on June 19, 2002. This night, however, in a dark match just before they went on the air, a 450 lb wrestler named Cheex hit the ropes with so much force that one of them broke. The estimated repair time was 30–60 minutes, which they did not have because the schedule called for them to go live in a few minutes, whether the ring was ready or not. Backstage, the producers shuffled the schedule so that some non-wrestling segments went first to give the ring crew some more time, but they did not have many of them. The ring crew fixed the rope with the help of Ron and Don Harris, and everyone went live hoping for the best.

Initially, TNA's weekly pay-per-view show operated as the company's main source of revenue, in place of monthly pay-per-view events used by other promotions. These shows started on June 19, 2002 and took place mostly at the Asylum in Nashville, Tennessee. After 27 months and 111 PPVs, TNA began holding a weekly television show and monthly three-hour pay-per-views. The last weekly PPV was held on September 8, 2004. TNA Xplosion was launched on November 27, 2002 as TNA's first regular cable show and featured exclusive matches from the TNA Asylum as well as exclusive interviews with TNA Superstars. On November 18, 2004, the show became a recap show of the previous week's Impact! in light of alterations in the taping schedule. Xplosion resumed airing exclusive matches (billed as "Xplosion Xclusives") once more on October 7, 2005 in addition to recapping Impact!. The "Xplosion Xclusives" also aired on the now-ceased TNA Global Impact! internet show. Airing of Xplosion in the United States ceased at the end of 2006, although some of the exclusive matches can be seen on TNA Today.

2004–2010

In May 2004, TNA Wrestling announced that they would be including a television program on Fox Sports, dubbed TNA iMPACT! (officially typeset "TNA iMPACT!"), at Soundstage 21 in Universal Studios Florida. The transition included the use of a six-sided wrestling ring, the implementation of the "Fox Box" displaying competitors and timekeeping for the match, and a generally more sports-like style than the sports entertainment style exemplified by the WWE.

With the switch to cable television, TNA discontinued their weekly pay-per-view shows in favor of a monthly 3-hour pay-per-view format as previously utilized by WCW and ECW and as currently used by WWE. In November 2004, TNA held the first of these pay-per-views, Victory Road, beginning the pattern of pay-per-view shows that continues to this day.

The television contract with Fox Sports expired in May 2005 and was not renegotiated, leaving TNA without television exposure. This prompted TNA to air iMPACT! via webcasts - originally made available via BitTorrent and eventually via RealPlayer - and on Urban America Television replacing Xplosion. During this time TNA continued pursuing a profitable television deal for regular broadcasting. TNA later secured a deal with Spike TV and aired its first episode on October 1, 2005.

In November 2006, TNA began holding select pay-per-views outside of its central filming location, the TNA Impact! Zone, in Orlando, with Bound for Glory 2006. In April 2006, TNA announced a partnership with YouTube whereby TNA supplied YouTube with exclusive video-content in exchange for hosting, leading to the production of internet shows. In January 2007, TNA's mobile-content deal with New Motion, Inc. led to the introduction of TNA Mobile and mobile fan-voting. TNA has also launched "TNA U TV"; podcasts aired through YouTube to help promote the company. Impact! expanded to a two-hour format on October 4, 2007. On June 21, 2009, TNA launched an online video-vault subscription-service where subscribers could watch past pay-per-views by choosing one of three payment options.

On October 23, 2008, TNA made the transition to HD and since then all programming has been broadcast in high-definition. In addition, TNA introduced a new HD set that included new lighting and several large high-resolution screens.

2010–2014

In 2010, TNA hired professional wrestling legend Hulk Hogan and former WCW booker Eric Bischoff. Both obtained a position behind the screen (Bischoff was part of creative and Hogan, consulter) and made some changes. They also hired many high-profile ex-WWE wrestlers, including Ric Flair, Rob Van Dam, Mr. Anderson and Jeff Hardy, while returning to a four sided ring. On February 15, 2010, TNA made a new deal with Spike TV, which moved Impact! to Monday nights, directly opposite of Raw (Although the network kept the Thursday night slot open for repeats of the Monday night shows). The first episode took place March 8, 2010.

On May 3, 2010, TNA announced that Impact! would be moved back to Thursday nights, re-branded as "TNA Thursdays". At the same time the company also announced that Spike had picked up TNA Reaction (stylized as "TNA ReAction" or, alternatively, as "TNA ReACTION"), which became a regular one-hour docu-series on June 24, 2010. "ReAction" focused on the stories and characters of TNA Wrestling and preview the upcoming episode of "TNA iMPACT!" TNA Wrestling president Dixie Carter announced on January 13, 2011 that on February 24, 2011, the promotion would be holding Impact! tapings at the Crown Coliseum in Fayetteville, North Carolina. On May 3, 2011, TNA Impact! was re-branded Impact Wrestling.

On November 7, 2011, TNA announced that it had reached a deal with Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) to become TNA's official developmental territory. In December 2011, TNA debuted their new India-based subsidiary promotion Ring Ka King. On May 31, 2012, Impact Wrestling began airing live at a new start time of 8pm EST on Thursday nights. The live schedule would continue throughout 2012. On July 11, DirecTV, the carrier of Spike, blocked all Viacom stations affecting TNA viewership from DirecTV subscribers. On July 20, DirecTV announced that it had reached an agreement with Viacom and had added back all 17 removed channels, which included SpikeTV. On January 31, 2013, TNA announced that they would begin taping Impact from different venues around the United States starting March 14, 2013, from the Sears Centre in Chicago. TNA officially terminated its lease with Universal Studios in late March 2013. On March 14, 2013, TNA introduced a new universal HD stage which will be used for all weekly programming. On November 2, 2013, TNA ended its relationship with OVW.

TNA formed a relationship with Japanese promotion Wrestle-1 beginning in July 2013 with a meeting between TNA founder Jeff Jarrett and Wrestle-1 head Keiji Mutoh. It was arranged for Jarrett to wrestle for Wrestle-1 in October 2013. In November, A.J. Styles successfully defended his TNA World Heavyweight Championship at a Wrestle-1 show in Japan.

From the period of 2013 to 2014, many well-known names or veterans of the company left TNA. Hulk Hogan's contract with TNA expired in October 2013, and he returned to WWE in early 2014. In December 2013, A.J. Styles left TNA after his contract expired. Styles later said that he could not accept TNA's new contract offer which would see him take a 60% cut in pay. Also in December 2013, TNA founder Jeff Jarrett "resigned" from the company. TNA accepted his resignation but clarified that Jarrett was still an "investor" in TNA. In spite of his investor status, in 2014, Jarrett announced plans to start a new professional wrestling promotion, Global Force Wrestling. The departures did not stop in 2014, with TNA veterans Sting, Chris Sabin, Hernandez, Christopher Daniels and Kazarian all leaving the company in that year, while Kurt Angle became a free agent in September.

In late July, the TMZ website reported that Spike TV was not renewing Impact Wrestling beyond October. In response, TNA refuted the report, stating that negotiations were still ongoing. On August 14, TNA announced that Impact Wrestling was moving from its Thursday timeslot to Wednesday nights. On August 20, TNA announced that it had signed an extension with Spike TV until the end of 2014.

The 2014 Bound for Glory pay-per-view was held in collaboration with Wrestle-1 in Tokyo, Japan on October 12; the TNA World Heavyweight and the TNA World Tag Team titles were not defended at the event, which featured TNA wrestlers James Storm and The Great Sanada against Wrestle-1's The Great Muta and Tajiri in the main event. After Bound for Glory 2014, TNA effectively went into hiatus due to Impact Wrestling ending their contract with Spike TV and its subsequent move to Destination America. The show ceased airing new televised events after the November 19 episode of Impact Wrestling, with the final episodes of 2014 being dedicated to Best of TNA clip shows, before resuming events on January 7, 2015 with a live show from The Manhattan Center's Grand Ballroom in New York City. The contracts of TNA Hall of Famers Bully Ray and Devon reportedly expired in October 2014, with TNA moving them to the alumni section of their roster in January 2015.

2015–present

On November 19, 2014, TNA announced that it was ending its relationship with Spike, and that it would instead partner with Discovery Communications to distribute its programming beginning in January 2015. In the United States, TNA programs, including Impact Wrestling, will move to Destination America. Discovery will also hold rights in selected international markets. Spike's outreach at the time was estimated to be more than 97 million homes while Destination America was estimated to reach 59 million households.

Impact Wrestling premiered on Wednesday, January 7 at 9:00PM before moving to its new night, starting on Friday, January 16. TNA announced that Impact Wrestling: Unlocked, a brand new weekly series, hosted by Mike Tenay, would premiere on Saturday, January 17 and TNA Wrestling's Greatest Matches, a new series featuring the best matches in the company's history, premiered on Saturday, January 10 on Destination America. The series aired every Saturday at 12 Noon immediately following Impact Wrestling: Unlocked. From December 2014 to March 2015, TNA signed several former employees like Kurt Angle, Awesome Kong, and Matt Hardy. TNA also tied several of its wrestlers to new contracts, like Jeff Hardy, Gail Kim, Mr. Anderson and Abyss. During this period, veteran Samoa Joe left the company by mutual consent and the contract of Velvet Sky was not renewed. Héctor Guerrero and Taz also left TNA as their contracts expired.

In May 2015, Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter reported that Destination America had decided to cancel Impact by late September 2015. TNA vehemently denied the reports, claiming that they "constitute defamation" and that they were "seek all legal remedies available". Also that month, Destination America dropped Unlocked and Greatest Matches from their programming, and separately Eric Bischoff and Jason Hervey sued TNA for breach of contract for failing to pay $101,500 from January to March 2015 for their roles as TNA executive producers. The lawsuit also featured talent Garett Bischoff claiming being owed $13,000 for the period of October 2014 to March 2015.

Impact Zone, house shows and touring

In May 2004, TNA announced that they would be airing their new show TNA iMPACT! from Universal Studios as part of an agreement reached with the theme park. Accordingly, TNA leased Soundstage 21 for the purposes of putting on wrestling events for an indefinite period of time. From June 2004 to March 2013, TNA taped its flagship show, Impact Wrestling as well as its secondary show Xplosion from the Impact Zone. They also aired every monthly pay-per-view in company history from that location until October 2006 when Bound for Glory was broadcast from the Compuware Arena in Detroit.

TNA started running house shows on March 17, 2006. In 2007, TNA Wrestling first toured Europe, hosting two shows at Oporto and Lisbon in Portugal. In 2008, TNA wrestlers featured at Wrestle Kingdom II in Japan. Later on in 2008, TNA conducted its first tour of the UK, with most shows selling out. 2009 saw the promotion tour Germany for the first time. 2010 saw the promotion make its French debut and its United Arab Emirates debut. In 2012 the company made their debut in Belgium.

In August 2007, live-events coordinator Craig Jenkins stated that TNA intended to stage eight pay-per-views and 96 house shows outside Orlando, Florida in 2008.

In 2009, on TNA's UK tour, a house show at Wembley Arena in London broke TNA attendance records. On July 2, 2010, MCU Park hosted a live TNA house show, which also broke the current TNA attendance record and is currently the most attended live TNA house show in the USA, with a capacity crowd of 5,550.

On January 31, 2013, TNA Wrestling announced that they would tape their weekly show Impact Wrestling in different venues around the United States, with the first live show being held on March 14, 2013 in the Sears Centre in Hoffman Estates, Illinois (a Chicago suburb).

On November 21, 2013 TNA returned to Universal Studios due to rising costs of taping Impact Wrestling from different venues. TNA began holding tapings at Soundstage 19 instead of returning to the original TNA Impact Zone, Soundstage 21, due to it being occupied by another tenant. TNA announced that starting with their March 13, 2014 live broadcast, Impact Wrestling will be filmed from another Universal Studios soundstage, Soundstage 20. Soundstage 19 and 20 were only temporary venues for Impact Wrestling tapings.

From June 19, 2014 to January 29, 2015 TNA taped Impact Wrestling from The Sands Casino Event Center in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and the Manhattan Center's Grand Ballroom in New York City. In late January 2015, TNA taped Impact Wrestling at The SSE Hydro in Glasgow, Scotland, The Manchester Arena in Manchester, England and Wembley Arena in London, England as part of their annual Maximum Impact tour, before returning to Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida. During this time TNA also stepped away from the Impact Zone moniker for the venue.

International partnerships

TNA has throughout its history worked with internationally based wrestling promotions, including having championships from those promotions defended on TNA TV and PPV. TNA has in the past worked with Mexican promotions Asistencia Asesoria y Administracion (AAA) and Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), as well as Japanese promotions Inoki Genome Federation (IGF), New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW), Pro Wrestling Noah and Wrestle-1, and on March 2, 2014 collaborated with Wrestle-1 in producing the Kaisen: Outbreak supershow in Tokyo, Japan (where three TNA championships were defended). In May 2015, it was reported that the relationship between TNA and Wrestle-1 had ended.

Features

X Division

Since its origin, TNA has featured a high-flying, high risk style of wrestling known as its X Division. Rather than emphasizing the fact that most wrestlers who perform this style are under 220 lb (100 kg) by calling it a cruiserweight division, TNA decided to emphasize the high risk nature of the moves that these wrestlers perform, removing all restraints on its wrestlers, allowing them to perform almost stunt like wrestling moves.

Originally, there was no upper weight limit on the X Division or its title, though in practice, most of the wrestlers in this division have been cruiserweights, with Samoa Joe, billed at 280 lb (130 kg), Kurt Angle, billed at 230 lb (100 kg), and Abyss, billed at 350 lb (160 kg), being notable exceptions. To further emphasize this point, the slogan "It's not about weight limits, it's about no limits" was used to describe the division. Although it was de-emphasized throughout 2007, the X Division is generally regarded as one of the key attractions of TNA and was replicated in several other promotions. In August 2011, the division was given a 225 lb (102 kg) weight limit. This was quietly repealed in March 2012. In March 2013, Dixie Carter announced new rule changes to the X Division with a new weight limit of 230 lbs. and all X Division matches being triple threat matches. In August 2013, all X Division matches were reverted to single matches and the weight limit was repealed once more.

Six sided ring

From 2002 until June 2004, TNA used the four-sided ring. In 2004, TNA switched to a six-sided ring, like the Mexican promotion AAA. TNA used the six-sided ring until 2010. On June 17, 2014, TNA announced a fan-voted poll to determine what type of ring the company will continue with. The fan-voted poll ended few days later on June 25 and on July 10, Dixie Carter announced the six-sided ring won the fan vote.

TNA contracts

TNA wrestlers are forbidden by contract from working for other companies with televised wrestling shows, but are free to perform non-televised work for any other independent wrestling promotions, domestic or international, as well as televised events held by foreign promotions that TNA is linked to or has a working relationship with such as Ring Ka King, New Japan Pro Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Noah, and Asistencia Asesoría y Administración. Many TNA wrestlers perform regularly for various promotions on the independent circuit in addition to TNA's weekly shows. In 2012, TNA changed policy, preventing its talent from appearing at any independent events that are later released on DVD. This, however, was later altered due to the lack of TNA shows in late 2014, and many TNA stars appeared at indy events, but were not allowed to appear on any TV or pay-per-view tapings. The top TNA stars have guaranteed contracts but the majority of TNA wrestlers are paid on a per appearance basis. TNA wrestlers are classified as independent contractors and are not entitled to form workers' unions or employer health coverage.

TNA Hall of Fame

The TNA Hall of Fame was announced on May 31, 2012. As part of the yearly process, selected inductees will be chosen based on their overall contributions to TNA's history. On June 10 at Slammiversary 10, Sting was revealed as the first inductee into the Hall of Fame. His formal induction took place at Bound for Glory in October 2012. On June 2, 2013 TNA president Dixie Carter revealed that the newest member of the TNA Hall of Fame was Kurt Angle. Angle was officially inducted into the TNA Hall of Fame on February 1, 2014 at Wembley Arena in London. At Slammiversary XII, Angle announced that Team 3D were the next inductees to the TNA Hall of Fame.

Championships and accomplishments

Current champions

Other accomplishments

Other Championships used by TNA

(*) - Indicates title previously defended in TNA due to membership in the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA)

(**) - Indicates title defended in TNA due to working agreements with internationally based wrestling promotions

Retired TNA Championships

Unsanctioned

Former accomplishments

See also

• List of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
• List of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling personnel

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