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Mujaddid

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Part of a series on Islam
Usul al-Fiqh
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Legal vocations and titles

A mujaddid (Template:Lang-ar), is an Islamic term for one who brings "renewal" (tajdid Template:Lang-ar) to the religion. According to the popular Muslim tradition, refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, cleansing it of extraneous elements, and restoring it to its pristine purity.

The concept is based not on the Quran but on a famous hadith (Prophetic tradition) recorded by Abu Dawood: Abu Hurairah narrated that the Islamic prophet Muhammad said:

Verily Allah sends to this Ummah (community) at the head of every hundred years someone (or people) who will renew (or revive) for it its religion.

— Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim , Hadith Number 4278

Mujaddid tend to come from the most prominent Islamic scholars of the time, although they are sometimes pious rulers.

List of claimants and potential Mujaddids

While there is no formal mechanism for designating a mujaddid, there is often a popular consensus. The Shia and the Naqshbandi order have their own list of mujaddids.

First Century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)

Second Century (August 10, 815)

Third Century (August 17, 912)

Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)

Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)

Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)

Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)

Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)

Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)

Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)

Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)

Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)

Thirteenth Century (November 14, 1882)

Fourteenth Century (November 21, 1979)

References

  1. Faruqi, Burhan Ahmad. The Mujaddid's Conception of Tawhid. p. 7. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  2. ^ Meri, Josef W. (ed.). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 678.
  3. Sunan Abu Dawood, 37:4278
  4. ^ "Mujaddid Ulema". Living Islam.
  5. ^ Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906.
  6. Studies in the History of the Sokoto Caliphate: The Sokoto Seminar Papers / edited by Y.B. Usman
  7. ^ The Muslim 100: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of the Most Influential Muslims in History by Muhammad Mojlum Khan
  8. ^ Waliullah, Shah. Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa. p. 77, part 7. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
  9. ^ Nieuwenhuijze, C.A.O.van (1997). Paradise Lost: Reflections on the Struggle for Authenticity in the Middle East. p. 24. ISBN 90 04 10672 3. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help) Cite error: The named reference "Paradise Lost" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  10. ^ Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906
  11. Imam Tahawi has been rightly considered by some nineteenth century authorities as the Mujaddid (Reformer) of the third century
  12. "Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth Century Hujjat al-Islam". The Pen. February 1, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. Jane I. Smith, Islam in America, p 36. ISBN 0231519990
  14. Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566
  15. Willard Gurdon Oxtoby, Oxford University Press, 1996, p 421
  16. "al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149-1209)". Muslim Philosophy.
  17. "Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani". Hanafi.co.uk.
  18. ^ Azra, Azyumardi (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia part of the ASAA Southeast Asia Publications Series. University of Hawaii Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780824828486. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
  19. The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia: Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern 'Ulama' in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries by Azyumardi Azra
  20. Islam in Modern Asia by I.K. Khan
  21. Glasse, Cyril (1997). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. p. 432. ISBN 90 04 10672 3. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
  22. "A Short Biographical Sketch of Mawlana al-Haddad". Iqra Islamic Publications.
  23. Kunju, Saifudheen (2012). "Shah Waliullah al-Dehlawi: Thoughts and Contributions": 1. Retrieved 5 April 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. "Gyarwee Sharif". al-mukhtar books.
  25. "The initial alacrity with which Ibn ‘Ajība set about ‘‘renewing God’s religion” is mirrored by the moralizing, inward-looking character of many passages of his Tafsīr." Esoteric Hermeneutic of Ibn 'Ajiba by Faris Casewit
  26. O. Hunwick, John (1995). African And Islamic Revival in Sudanic Africa: A Journal of Historical Sources. p. 6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
  27. Muhammad 'Abduh and Rashid Rida: Contributions to the Reinterpretation of Islamic Constitutional and Legal Theory by Malcolm H. Kerr
  28. Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt by Arthur Goldschmidt
  29. Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook by Charles Kurzman
  30. Intellectuals in the Modern Islamic World: Transmission, Transformation and Communication (New Horizons in Islamic Studies) by Stephane A. Dudoignon, Komatsu Hisao, Kosugi Yasushi by Stephane A. Dudoignon, Komatsu Hisao, Kosugi Yasushi
  31. Shaikh Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur is the most renowned Zaytuna Imam and one of the great Islamic scholars of the 20th century.
  32. ^ Rippin, Andrew. Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. p. 282. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help) Cite error: The named reference "Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  33. Praised by Imam Muhammad Abu Zahra as a Reviver (mujaddid) of the fourteenth Islamic century.
  34. Egyptian modernist reformer and rector of al-Azhar. Called for social, legal, and educational reforms. Pursued an aggressive campaign to integrate modern sciences into al-Azhar's curriculum. Called for the exercise of ijtihad (independent reasoning) and reconciliation of different schools of Islamic law. Participated in international religious conferences. Desired a greater role for clergy in government.
  35. Mahmud Shaltut and Islamic Modernism by Kate Zebiri
  36. Muhammad Abu Zahrah was a well-known legal theorist and jurist of 20th. His publishers call him Imam, ranking him with the great figures of Islamic scholarship of the past, such as Abu Haneefah, Malik, Al-Shafie and Ibn Hanbal.
  37. "Services As A Mujadid". Alahazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan.
  38. "Who was Ahmad Raza Khan Barelwi?". sunniforum.com.
  39. "The Promised Messiah". Al Islam.
  40. "Claims of Hadhrat Ahmad". Al Islam. Chapter Two
  41. "British Government and Jihad" (PDF). Al Islam.
  42. "Renewal Deeds". AlaHazrat.
  43. He was an unequalled imam and preacher and the most popular Islamic scholar in the second half of 1900s, so much so that he won the hearts of millions of people in the Arab and Islamic worlds.
  44. "In this latest generation, I have never seen the highest mujaddid like Ahmad Deedat (in terms of comparative religion)" An Interview with Sh. Muhammad Awal
  45. Mostafa Mahmoud: The Life Path of a Polymath by Wael Hazem Fouda

Further reading

  • Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). Journal of Turkish Studies 18 (1994): 1–15.
  • Friedmann, Yohanan. "Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity". Oxford India Paperbacks

External links

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