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The constituency was created in 1945 when the number of parliamentary constituencies in Hertfordshire was increased from five to six. Previously the area had been part of the St Albans seat. This was one of the English constituencies divided as an emergency measure, before the general review of parliamentary constituencies due later in the decade, because its electorate exceeded 100,000 voters.
Initially, the constituency consisted of three local government areas: Barnet Urban District, East Barnet Urban District and Elstree Rural District. The constituency was enlarged in 1950 by the addition of Hatfield Rural District transferred from the St Albans parliamentary seat. In 1955 the number of county constituencies in Hertfordshire was increased from six to seven, and the Barnet constituency reverted to its original boundaries, with Hatfield Rural District being transferred to the Hertford constituency.
In 1965 the Barnet and East Barnet urban districts were transferred to Greater London, becoming part of the London Borough of Barnet, while Elstree Rural District remained part of Hertfordshire. This did not affect parliamentary boundaries for nine years, however.
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