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A mujaddid (Template:Lang-ar), is an Islamic term for one who brings "renewal" (tajdid Template:Lang-ar) to the religion. According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity.

The concept is based not on the Quran but on a famous hadith (Prophetic tradition) recorded by Abu Dawood: Abu Hurairah narrated that the Islamic prophet Muhammad said:

Allah shall raise for this Ummah at the head of every century a man who shall renew (or revive) for it its religion.

— Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim , Hadith Number 4278

Mujaddid tend to come from the most prominent Islamic scholars of the time, although they are sometimes pious rulers.

List of claimants and potential Mujaddids

While there is no formal mechanism for designating a mujaddid, there is often a popular consensus. The Shia and the Naqshbandi order have their own list of mujaddids.

First Century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)

• Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (682–720)

Second Century (August 10, 815)

• Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i (767–820)

Third Century (August 17, 912)

• Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864–941)
• Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936)

Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)

• Abu Bakr Al-Baqillani (950–1013)
• Hakim al-Nishaburi (933–1012)
• Ibn Hazm (994–1064)

Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)

• Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (1058–1111)

Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)

• Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1210)

Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)

• Moinuddin Chishti (1165–1240)
• Ibn Arabi (1165–1240)
• Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328)

Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)

• Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (1372–1448)

Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)

• Jalaludin Al-Suyuti (1445–1505)

Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)

• Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (1585–1671)

Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)

• Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)
• Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad (1634–1720)
• Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762)

Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)

• Murtaḍá al-Zabīdī (1732–1790)
• Shah Abdul Aziz Delhwi (1745–1823)
• Usman Dan Fodio (1754–1817)

Thirteenth Century (November 14, 1882)

• Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905)
• Said Nursî (1878–1960)

Fourteenth Century (November 21, 1979)

• Ahmad Raza Khan (1856–1921)
• Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908) – Note: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed to be the Mujaddid of the 14th century, a claim which is accepted by the Ahmadi Muslims. but rejected by other Muslim communities.

References

1. Faruqi, Burhan Ahmad. The Mujaddid's Conception of Tawhid. p. 7. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
2. ^ Meri, Josef W. (ed.). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 678.
3. Sunan Abu Dawood, 37:4278
4. ^ "Mujaddid Ulema". Living Islam.
5. ^ Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906.
6. ^ Waliullah, Shah. Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa. p. 77, part 7. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
7. ^ Nieuwenhuijze, C.A.O.van (1997). Paradise Lost: Reflections on the Struggle for Authenticity in the Middle East. p. 24. ISBN 90 04 10672 3. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help) Cite error: The named reference "Paradise Lost" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
8. ^ Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906
9. "Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth Century Hujjat al-Islam". The Pen. February 1, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
10. Jane I. Smith, Islam in America, p 36. ISBN 0231519990
11. Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566
12. Willard Gurdon Oxtoby, Oxford University Press, 1996, p 421
13. "al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149-1209)". Muslim Philosophy.
14. "Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani". Hanafi.co.uk.
15. ^ Azra, Azyumardi (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia part of the ASAA Southeast Asia Publications Series. University of Hawaii Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780824828486. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
16. Glasse, Cyril (1997). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. p. 432. ISBN 90 04 10672 3. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
17. "A Short Biographical Sketch of Mawlana al-Haddad". Iqra Islamic Publications.
18. Kunju, Saifudheen (2012). "Shah Waliullah al-Dehlawi: Thoughts and Contributions": 1. Retrieved 5 April 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
19. "Gyarwee Sharif". al-mukhtar books.
20. O. Hunwick, John (1995). African And Islamic Revival in Sudanic Africa: A Journal of Historical Sources. p. 6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help)
21. ^ Rippin, Andrew. Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. p. 282. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coathors= (help) Cite error: The named reference "Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
22. "Services As A Mujadid". Alahazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan.
23. "The Promised Messiah". Al Islam.
24. "Claims of Hadhrat Ahmad". Al Islam. Chapter Two
25. "British Government and Jihad" (PDF). Al Islam.
26. "Renewal Deeds". AlaHazrat.

Further reading

• Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). Journal of Turkish Studies 18 (1994): 1–15.
• Friedmann, Yohanan. "Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity". Oxford India Paperbacks

External links

• Islami Mehfil, Concept Of Revivalist (Mujaddid) In Islam
• Shah Waliyu Llah about the Mujaddids Template:Fr
• Al Hafiz Adh Dhahabi about the Mujaddids Template:Fr
• Brief Introduction to the Concept of Mujaddidiyyat in Islam Template:Ur

• Mujaddid