| State
|
Government
|
Head of state
|
Head of government
|
 Afghanistan
|
presidential republic
|
President Hamid Karzai
|
 Albania
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Alfred Moisiu
|
Prime Minister Sali Berisha
|
 Algeria
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Abdelaziz Bouteflika
|
Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem
|
 Andorra
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
Co-Princes Joan Enric Vives Sicília (represented by Nemesi Marqués Oste)
and Jacques Chirac (represented by Philippe Massoni)
|
Head of Government Albert Pintat
|
 Angola
|
presidential republic
|
President José Eduardo dos Santos
|
 Antigua and Barbuda
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir James Carlisle
|
Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer
|
 Argentina
|
presidential republic
|
President Néstor Kirchner
|
 Armenia
|
presidential republic
|
President Robert Kocharian
|
Prime Minister Andranik Markaryan
|
 Australia
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Michael Jeffery
|
Prime Minister John Howard
|
 Austria
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Heinz Fischer
|
Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel
|
 Azerbaijan
|
presidential republic
|
President İlham Aliyev
|
Prime Minister Artur Rasizade
|
 Bahamas, The
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Arthur Dion Hanna
|
Prime Minister Perry Christie
|
 Bahrain
|
semi-constitutional monarchy
|
King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa
|
Prime Minister Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa
|
 Bangladesh
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Iajuddin Ahmed
|
Prime Minister Khaleda Zia
|
 Barbados
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Clifford Husbands
|
Prime Minister Owen Arthur
|
 Belarus
|
presidential republic
|
President Aleksandr Lukashenko
|
Prime Minister Sergey Sidorsky
|
 Belgium
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
King Albert II
|
Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt
|
 Belize
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Colville Young
|
Prime Minister Said Musa
|
 Benin
|
presidential republic
|
President Yayi Boni
|
 Bhutan
|
absolute monarchy
|
Dragon King Jigme Singye Wangchuck
|
Prime Minister Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk
|
 Bolivia
|
presidential republic
|
President Evo Morales
|
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
federal parliamentary representative democratic republic
|
Tripartite presidency: Chairmen of the Presidency Ivo Miro Jović, Sulejman Tihić, Borislav Paravac
|
Prime Minister Adnan Terzić
|
 Botswana
|
presidential republic
|
President Festus Mogae
|
 Brazil
|
presidential republic
|
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
|
 Brunei
|
absolute monarchy
|
Sultan and Prime Minister Sir Hassanal Bolkiah
|
 Bulgaria
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Georgi Parvanov
|
Prime Minister Sergey Stanishev
|
 Burkina Faso
|
presidential republic
|
President Blaise Compaoré
|
Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli
|
 Burundi
|
presidential republic
|
President Pierre Nkurunziza
|
 Cambodia
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
King Norodom Sihamoni
|
Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen
|
 Cameroon
|
presidential republic
|
President Paul Biya
|
Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni
|
 Canada
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Michaëlle Jean
|
Prime Minister Stephen Harper
|
 Cape Verde
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Pedro Pires
|
Prime Minister José Maria Neves
|
 Central African Republic
|
presidential republic
|
President François Bozizé
|
Prime Minister Élie Doté
|
 Chad
|
presidential republic
|
President Idriss Déby
|
Prime Minister Pascal Yoadimnadji
|
 Chile
|
presidential republic
|
President Michelle Bachelet
|
 China, People's Republic of
|
Communist Party-led republic
|
President Hu Jintao
|
Premier Wen Jiabao
|
 Colombia
|
presidential republic
|
President Álvaro Uribe
|
 Comoros
|
presidential republic
|
President Ahmed Abdallah Sambi
|
 Congo, Democratic Republic of the
|
presidential republic
|
President Joseph Kabila
|
 Congo, Republic of the
|
presidential republic
|
President Denis Sassou-Nguesso
|
 Costa Rica
|
presidential republic
|
President Óscar Arias
|
 Ivory Coast
|
presidential republic
|
President Laurent Gbagbo
|
Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny
|
 Croatia
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Stjepan Mesić
|
Prime Minister Ivo Sanader
|
 Cuba
|
Socialist republic
|
President of Cuba Fidel Castro
|
Prime Minister of Cuba Fidel Castro
|
 Cyprus
|
presidential republic
|
President Tassos Papadopoulos
|
 Czech Republic
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Václav Klaus
|
Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek
|
 Denmark
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
Queen Margrethe II
|
Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen
|
 Djibouti
|
presidential republic
|
President Ismail Omar Guelleh
|
Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita
|
 Dominica
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Nicholas Liverpool
|
Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit
|
 Dominican Republic
|
presidential republic
|
President Leonel Fernández
|
 East Timor
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Xanana Gusmão
|
Prime Minister José Ramos-Horta
|
 Ecuador
|
presidential republic
|
President Alfredo Palacio
|
 Egypt
|
presidential republic
|
President Hosni Mubarak
|
Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif
|
 El Salvador
|
presidential republic
|
President Antonio Saca
|
 Equatorial Guinea
|
presidential republic
|
President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
|
Prime Minister Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea
|
 Eritrea
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Isaias Afewerki
|
 Estonia
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Toomas Hendrik Ilves
|
Prime Minister Andrus Ansip
|
 Ethiopia
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Girma Wolde-Giorgis
|
Prime Minister Meles Zenawi
|
 Fiji
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Ratu Josefa Iloilo
|
Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase
|
 Finland
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Tarja Halonen
|
Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen
|
 France
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Jacques Chirac
|
Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin
|
 Gabon
|
presidential republic
|
President Omar Bongo
|
Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong
|
 Gambia, The
|
presidential republic
|
President Yahya Jammeh
|
 Georgia
|
presidential republic
|
President Mikhail Saakashvili
|
Prime Minister Zurab Nogaideli
|
 Germany
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Horst Köhler
|
Chancellor Angela Merkel
|
 Ghana
|
presidential republic
|
President John Kufuor
|
 Greece
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Karolos Papoulias
|
Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis
|
 Grenada
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Daniel Williams
|
Prime Minister Keith Mitchell
|
 Guatemala
|
presidential republic
|
President Óscar Berger
|
 Guinea
|
presidential republic
|
President Lansana Conté
|
 Guinea-Bissau
|
presidential republic
|
President João Bernardo Vieira
|
Prime Minister Aristides Gomes
|
 Guyana
|
presidential republic
|
President Bharrat Jagdeo
|
Prime Minister Sam Hinds
|
 Haiti
|
presidential republic
|
President René Préval
|
Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis
|
 Honduras
|
presidential republic
|
President Manuel Zelaya
|
 Hungary
|
parliamentary republic
|
President László Sólyom
|
Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány
|
 Iceland
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
|
Prime Minister Geir Haarde
|
 India
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Abdul Kalam
|
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
|
 Indonesia
|
presidential republic
|
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
|
 Iran
|
clerical republic
|
Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
|
 Iraq
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Jalal Talabani
|
Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki
|
 Ireland, Republic of
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Mary McAleese
|
Taoiseach Bertie Ahern
|
 Israel
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Moshe Katsav
|
Prime Minister Ehud Olmert
|
 Italy
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Giorgio Napolitano
|
Prime Minister Romano Prodi
|
 Jamaica
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Kenneth Hall
|
Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller
|
 Japan
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
Emperor Akihito |
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe
|
 Jordan
|
semi-constitutional monarchy
|
King Abdullah II
|
Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit
|
 Kazakhstan
|
presidential republic
|
President Nursultan Nazarbayev
|
Prime Minister Daniyal Akhmetov
|
 Kenya
|
presidential republic
|
President Mwai Kibaki
|
 Kiribati
|
presidential republic
|
President Anote Tong
|
 Korea, North
|
Communist Party-led republic
|
Eternal President (the late) Kim Il Sung;
Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong Il (regarded as "highest administrative authority");
Head of State for Foreign Affairs as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong Nam
|
Premier Pak Pong Ju
|
 Korea, South
|
presidential republic
|
President Roh Moo Hyun
|
Prime Minister Han Myung-Sook
|
 Kuwait
|
semi-constitutional monarchy
|
Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
|
Prime Minister Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah
|
 Kyrgyzstan
|
presidential republic
|
President Kurmanbek Bakiyev
|
Prime Minister Feliks Kulov
|
 Laos
|
Communist Party-led republic
|
President Choummaly Sayasone
|
Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh
|
 Latvia
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga
|
Prime Minister Aigars Kalvītis
|
 Lebanon
|
semi-presidential confessional republic
|
President Émile Lahoud
|
Prime Minister Fouad Siniora
|
 Lesotho
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
King Letsie III
|
Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili
|
 Liberia
|
presidential republic
|
President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
|
 Libya
|
jamahiriya
|
President Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani (official head of state); Leader of the Revolution Muammar al-Qaddafi (de facto head of state)
|
Prime Minister Baghdadi Mahmudi
|
 Liechtenstein
|
semi-constitutional monarchy
|
Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II;
Prince-Regent Alois
|
Head of Government Otmar Hasler
|
 Lithuania
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Valdas Adamkus
|
Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas
|
 Luxembourg
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
Grand Duke Henri
|
Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker
|
 Macedonia, Republic of
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Branko Crvenkovski
|
Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski
|
 Madagascar
|
presidential republic
|
President Marc Ravalomanana
|
Prime Minister Jacques Sylla
|
 Malawi
|
presidential republic
|
President Bingu wa Mutharika
|
 Malaysia
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
Yang di-Pertuan Agong Syed Sirajuddin ibni al-Marhum Syed Putra Jamalullail
|
Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
|
 Maldives
|
presidential republic
|
President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
|
 Mali
|
presidential republic
|
President Amadou Toumani Touré
|
Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi Maïga
|
 Malta
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Edward Fenech Adami
|
Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi
|
 Marshall Islands
|
presidential republic
|
President Kessai Note
|
 Mauritania
|
military junta
|
Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall
|
Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar
|
 Mauritius
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Sir Anerood Jugnauth
|
Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam
|
 Mexico
|
presidential republic
|
President Vicente Fox
|
 Micronesia
|
presidential republic
|
President Joseph Urusemal
|
 Moldova
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Vladimir Voronin
|
Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev
|
 Monaco
|
constitutional monarchy
|
Sovereign Prince Albert II
|
Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust
|
 Mongolia
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Nambaryn Enkhbayar
|
Prime Minister Miyeegombo Enkhbold
|
 Montenegro
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Filip Vujanović
|
Prime Minister Milo Đukanović
|
 Morocco
|
semi-constitutional monarchy
|
King Muhammad VI
|
Prime Minister Driss Jettou
|
 Mozambique
|
presidential republic
|
President Armando Guebuza
|
 Myanmar
|
military junta without representative institutions
|
Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Sr. Gen. Than Shwe
|
Prime Minister Soe Win
|
 Namibia
|
presidential republic
|
President Hifikepunye Pohamba
|
 Nauru
|
presidential-parliamentary republic
|
President Ludwig Scotty
|
 Nepal
|
absolute monarchy
|
King Gyanendra
|
Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala
|
 Netherlands
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
Queen Beatrix
|
Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende
|
 New Zealand
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General of New Zealand Anand Satyanand
|
Prime Minister Helen Clark
|
 Nicaragua
|
presidential republic
|
President Enrique Bolaños
|
 Niger
|
presidential republic
|
President Tandja Mamadou
|
Prime Minister Hama Amadou
|
 Nigeria
|
presidential republic
|
President Olusegun Obasanjo
|
 Norway
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
King Harald V
|
Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg
|
 Oman
|
absolute monarchy
|
Sultan and Prime Minister Qaboos bin Sa’id Al ‘Bu Sa’id
|
 Pakistan
|
Federal Unitary Republic
|
President General Pervez Musharraf
|
Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz
|
 Palau
|
presidential republic
|
President Tommy Remengesau
|
 Palestine (Disputed area)
|
interim national administration (PNA)
|
President Mahmoud Abbas
|
Prime Minister Ismail Haniya
|
 Panama
|
presidential republic
|
President Martín Torrijos
|
 Papua New Guinea
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Paulias Matane
|
Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare
|
 Paraguay
|
presidential republic
|
President Nicanor Duarte
|
 Peru
|
presidential republic
|
President Alan García
|
Prime Minister Jorge del Castillo
|
 Philippines
|
presidential republic
|
President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
|
 Poland
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Lech Kaczyński
|
Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński
|
 Portugal
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Aníbal Cavaco Silva
|
Prime Minister José Sócrates
|
 Qatar
|
absolute monarchy
|
Emir Hamad ibn Khalifa Al Thani
|
Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah ibn Khalifa Al Thani
|
 Romania
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Traian Băsescu
|
Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu
|
 Russia
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Vladimir Putin
|
Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov
|
 Rwanda
|
presidential republic
|
President Paul Kagame
|
Prime Minister Bernard Makuza
|
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Cuthbert Sebastian
|
Prime Minister Denzil Douglas
|
 Saint Lucia
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Dame Pearlette Louisy
|
Prime Minister Kenny Anthony
|
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Frederick Ballantyne
|
Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves
|
 Samoa
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
O le Ao o le Malo Malietoa Tanumafili II
|
Prime Minister Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi
|
 San Marino
|
parliamentary republic
|
Captains-Regent Antonio Carattoni and Roberto Giorgetti
|
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo Stolfi
|
 São Tomé and Príncipe
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Fradique de Menezes
|
Prime Minister Tomé Vera Cruz
|
 Saudi Arabia
|
absolute monarchy
|
King and Prime Minister Abdullah
|
 Senegal
|
presidential republic
|
President Abdoulaye Wade
|
Prime Minister Macky Sall
|
 Serbia
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Boris Tadić
|
Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica
|
 Seychelles
|
presidential republic
|
President James Michel
|
 Sierra Leone
|
presidential republic
|
President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
|
 Singapore
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Sellapan Ramanathan
|
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
|
 Slovakia
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Ivan Gašparovič
|
Prime Minister Robert Fico
|
 Slovenia
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Janez Drnovšek
|
Prime Minister Janez Janša
|
 Solomon Islands
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Nathaniel Waena
|
Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare
|
 Somalia
|
de jure semi-presidential state
|
President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
|
Prime Minister Ali Muhammad Ghedi
|
 South Africa
|
presidential republic
|
President Thabo Mbeki
|
 Spain
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
King Juan Carlos I
|
President of the Government José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
|
 Sri Lanka
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Mahinda Rajapakse
|
 Sudan
|
presidential republic
|
President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir
|
 Suriname
|
presidential republic
|
President Ronald Venetiaan
|
 Swaziland
|
absolute monarchy
|
King Mswati III
|
Prime Minister Themba Dlamini
|
 Sweden
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
King Carl XVI Gustaf
|
Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt
|
 Switzerland
|
parliamentary republic
|
Swiss Federal Council: Moritz Leuenberger (President of the Confederation), Pascal Couchepin, Samuel Schmid, Micheline Calmy-Rey (Vice-President of the Confederation), Christoph Blocher, Hans-Rudolf Merz, Doris Leuthard
|
 Syria
|
presidential republic
|
President Bashar al-Assad
|
Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari
|
 Taiwan (Republic of China)
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Chen Shui-bian
|
Premier Su Tseng-chang
|
 Tajikistan
|
presidential republic
|
President Imomali Rakhmonov
|
Prime Minister Akil Akilov
|
 Tanzania
|
presidential republic
|
President Jakaya Kikwete
|
 Thailand
|
military dictatorship
|
King Bhumibol Adulyadej
|
Chief of the Administrative Reform Council Sonthi Boonyaratglin
|
 Togo
|
presidential republic
|
President Faure Gnassingbé
|
Prime Minister Yawovi Agboyibo
|
 Tonga
|
parliamentary monarchy
|
King George Tupou V
|
Prime Minister Dr. Feleti Sevele
|
 Trinidad and Tobago
|
parliamentary republic
|
President George Maxwell Richards
|
Prime Minister Patrick Manning
|
 Tunisia
|
presidential republic
|
President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
|
Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi
|
 Turkey
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Ahmet Necdet Sezer
|
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
|
 Turkmenistan
|
presidential republic
|
President Saparmurat Niyazov
|
 Tuvalu
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Filoimea Telito
|
Prime Minister Apisai Ielemia
|
 Uganda
|
presidential republic
|
President Yoweri Museveni
|
 Ukraine
|
semi-presidential republic
|
President Viktor Yushchenko
|
Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych
|
 United Arab Emirates
|
semi-constitutional monarchy
|
President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan
|
Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
|
 United Kingdom
|
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Elizabeth II
|
Prime Minister Tony Blair
|
 United States
|
presidential republic
|
President George W. Bush
|
 Uruguay
|
presidential republic
|
President Tabaré Vázquez
|
 Uzbekistan
|
presidential republic
|
President Islam Karimov
|
 Vanuatu
|
parliamentary republic
|
President Kalkot Mataskelekele
|
Prime Minister Ham Lini
|
 Vatican City
|
sacerdotal state
|
Pope Benedict XVI
|
Secretary of State Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone;
Governor Archbishop Giovanni Lajolo
|
 Venezuela
|
presidential republic
|
President Hugo Chávez
|
 Vietnam
|
Communist Party-led republic
|
President Nguyen Minh Triet
|
Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung
|
 Western Sahara (SADR)
|
Largely occupied by Morocco, government in exile administers some territory.
|
President Mohamed Abdelaziz
|
Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar
|
 Zambia
|
presidential republic
|
President Levy Mwanawasa
|
 Zimbabwe
|
presidential republic
|
President Robert Mugabe
|