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Fuck is an English word which, when used literally as a verb, means "to engage in sexual intercourse". It is generally considered to be an offensive profanity. Its origins may be Germanic, akin to the synonymous German ficken, which had the original meaning, "to strike".

It is unclear whether the word has always been considered vulgar, and if not, when it first started to be considered vulgar. Some evidence indicates that in some English-speaking locales it was considered acceptable as late as the 17th century meaning "to strike" or "to penetrate". Other evidence indicates that it may have become vulgar as early as the 16th century in England, although neither set of evidence is inherently contradictory to the other, since many words have multiple connotations. The etymology (origin) of the word is uncertain (see below). fucking is nice

In contemporary usage, the versatility of the word is such that it can be used as a verb (to fuck), noun (a fuck), adverb (this car won't fucking drive), interjection (where the fuck did this come from?), or an exclamation (Fuck!). Fuck is also one of the few words in English commonly used as an infix, as in absofuckinglutely and infuckingcredible, along with several other expletive infixes.

Etymology

Reputable sources such as the Oxford English Dictionary contend the true etymology of fuck is still uncertain but appears to point to an Anglo-Saxon origin. Early modern English fuck, fuk suggests a weak Middle English verb *fuken, but neither this nor any earlier form is attested. Synonymous German ficken may or may not be related. It would point to a common Germanic origin.

The first known occurrence, in code, is in a poem composed in a mixture of Latin and English sometime before 1500. The poem, which satirizes the Carmelite friars of Cambridge, England, takes its title, "Flen flyys", from the first words of its opening line, "Flen, flyys, and freris"; that is, "Fleas, flies, and friars". The line that contains fuck reads "Non sunt in coeli, quia gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk". Removing the substitution cipher on the phrase "gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk" yields "non sunt in coeli, quia fvccant vvivys of heli", which translated means "they are not in heaven because they fuck the wives of Ely" (fvccant is a fake Latin form). The phrase was coded because of its meaning; it is uncertain to what extent the word itself was considered acceptable.

Other possible connections are to Latin futuere (hence the French foutre, the Catalan fotre, the Italian fottere, the Romanian fute, the vulgar peninsular Spanish follar and joder, and the Portuguese foder). However, there is considerable doubt and no clear lineage for these derivations. These roots, even if cognate, are not the original Indo-European word for to copulate; that root is likely *hyebh-, ("h" is the H3 laryngeal) which is attested in Sanskrit (yabhati) and the Slavic languages (Russian ебать (yebat'), Polish jebać, Serbian јебати (jebati)), among others: compare Greek "oiphô", and Greek "zephyros" (noun, ref. a Greek belief that the west wind caused pregnancy). However, Wayland Young (who agrees that these words are related) argues that they derive from the Indo-European *bhu- or *bhug-, believed to be the root of "to be", "to grow", and "to build".

Spanish follar has a different root; according to Spanish etymologists, the Spanish verb follar"(attested in the 19th century) derives from fuelle ("bellows") from Latin folle(m) < Indo-European *bhel-; ancient Spanish verb folgar (attested in the 15th century) derived from Latin follicare, also ultimately from follem/follis.

A possible etymology is suggested by the fact that the Common Germanic fuk-, by an application of Grimm's law, would have as its most likely Indo-European ancestor *pug-, which appears in Latin and Greek words meaning "fight" and "fist". In early Common Germanic the word was likely used at first as a slang or euphemistic replacement for an older word for intercourse, and then became the usual word for intercourse. Then, fuck has cognates in other Germanic languages, such as Middle Dutch fokken (to thrust, copulate, or to breed), dialectical Norwegian fukka (to copulate), and dialectical Swedish focka (to strike, copulate) and fock (penis).

There is perhaps even an original Celtic derivation; futuere being related to battuere (to strike, to copulate); which may be related to Irish bot and Manx bwoid (penis). The argument is that battuere and futuere (like the Irish and Manx words) comes from the Celtic *bactuere (to pierce), from the root buc- (a point). Or perhaps Latin futuere came from the root fu, Common Indo-European bhu, meaning "be, become" and originally referred to procreation.

False etymologies

One reason that the word fuck is so hard to trace etymologically is that it was used far more extensively in common speech than in easily traceable written forms.

There are several urban-legend false etymologies postulating an acronymic origin for the word. One legend holds that the word fuck came from Irish law. If a couple were caught committing adultery they would be punished "For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge In the Nude", with "FUCKIN'" written on the stocks above them to denote the crime.

Alternative explanations for fuck as an acronym for adultery pin it as "Fornication Under Cardinal/Carnal Knowledge," or "Fornication Under Control/Consent/Command of the King." Another story is that it was written in the log book as FUCK when people in the military or navy who had homosexual intercourse were being punished (don't ask, don't tell). Variants of this include "Found Under Carnal Knowledge", "For Using Carnal Knowledge", "Felonious Use of Carnal Knowledge", "Fornication Under the Christian King", "Full-On Unlawful Carnal Knowledge", "False Use of Carnal Knowledge" and "Forced Unlawful Carnal Knowledge", a label supposedly applied to the crime of rape. In some reports, there are tombstones around English cemeteries that had the word engraved in uppercase letters. These referred to those who were put to death for crimes against the state and the church. These reports have yet to be corroborated since no such tombstone has been identified.

In another story, a sign reading "Fornication Under Consent of the King" was supposedly placed on signs above houses in medieval Britain during times of population control and was special permission given to knights (droit de seigneur), by their king, when a knight wished to have sex with a woman.

None of these acronyms were ever heard before the 1960s, according to the authoritative lexicographical work, The F-Word, and thus are backronyms. In any event, the word fuck has been in use for too long for some of these supposed origins to be possible.

Another urban legend suggests that the official name of Friends University in Wichita, Kansas is Friends University of Central Kansas. In fact, it is simply Friends University (or FU).

The Free Speech Movement at the University of California in the 1960s spawned a short-lived rump movement called the Filthy Speech Movement, consisting largely of a young man holding a poster with the simple word FUCK. The President of the university at the time was Clark Kerr. The student claimed to have been using an acronym for "Freedom Under Clark Kerr".

Usage history

Early usage

Its first known use as a verb meaning to have sexual intercourse is in "Flen flyys", written some time before 1500.

William Dunbar's 1503 poem "Brash of Wowing" includes the lines: "Yit be his feiris he wald haue fukkit: / Ye brek my hairt, my bony ane" (ll. 13–14).

Some time around 1600, before the term acquired its current meaning, windfucker was an acceptable name for the bird now known as the kestrel.

While Shakespeare never used the term explicitly; he hinted at it in comic scenes in several plays. The Merry Wives of Windsor (IV.i) contains focative case (see vocative case). In Henry V (IV.iv), Pistol threatens to firk (strike) a soldier, a euphemism for fuck.

Rise of Modern Usage

Fuck did not appear in any widely-consulted dictionary of the English language from 1795 to 1965. Its first appearance in the Oxford English Dictionary (along with the word cunt) was in 1972.

In 1928, D. H. Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterley's Lover gained notoriety for its frequent use of the words fuck, fucked, and fucking.

Perhaps the earliest usage of the word in popular music was the 1938 Eddy Duchin release of the Louis Armstrong song "Ol' Man Mose". The words created a scandal at the time, resulting in sales of 170,000 copies during the Great Depression years when sales of 20,000 were considered blockbuster. The verse reads:

(We believe) He kicked the bucket,
(We believe) Yeah man, buck-buck-bucket,
(We believe) He kicked the bucket and ol' man mose is dead,
(We believe) Ahh, fuck it!
(We believe) Buck-buck-bucket,
(We believe) He kicked the bucket and ol' man mose is dead.

The liberal usage of the word (and other vulgarisms) by certain artists (such as James Joyce, Henry Miller, and Lenny Bruce) has led to the banning of their works and criminal charges of obscenity.

After Norman Mailer's publishers convinced him to bowdlerize fuck as fug in his work The Naked and the Dead (1948), Tallulah Bankhead supposedly greeted him with the quip, "So you're the young man who can't spell fuck." (In fact, according to Mailer, the quip was devised by Bankhead's PR man. He and Bankhead never met until 1966 and did not discuss the word then.) The rock group The Fugs named themselves after the Mailer euphemism.

In the late 1940s, blues pianist Memphis Slim used a sly spelling pun in his song about a lost love, "If You See Kay".

The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger featured an early use of fuck you in print. First published in the United States in 1951, the novel remains controversial to this day due to its use of the word, and offers a blunt portrayal of the main character's reaction to the existence of the word, and all that it means.

The first use of the word fuck on British television came on November 13, 1965 on the satirical show BBC-3 (no relation to the present channel of that name). The theatre critic Kenneth Tynan declared, apropos of nothing, that "I doubt if there are any rational people to whom the word 'fuck' would be particularly diabolical, revolting or totally forbidden.". Kenneth Tynan was soon-after fired for his free use of the word.

The first short story to include fuck in its title was probably Kurt Vonnegut's "The Big Space Fuck", originally published in 1972. Exhibiting Vonnegut's characteristic blend of pessimism and humor, this story tells of a polluted and overpopulated Earth. On midnight, 4 July 1989, the United States fires the Arthur C. Clarke, a missile whose warhead contains eight hundred pounds of freeze-dried semen, aiming at the Andromeda Galaxy.

George Carlin once commented that the word fuck ought to be considered more appropriate, because of its implications of love and reproduction, than the violence exhibited in many movies. He humorously suggested replacing the word kill with the word fuck" in his comedy routine, such as in an old movie western: "Okay, Sheriff, we're gonna fuck you, now. But we're gonna fuck you slow..." Or, perhaps at a baseball game: "Fuck the Ump, fuck the Ump, fuck the Ump!" More popularly published is his famous "Filthy Words" routine, better known as "Seven Words You Can Never Say On Television".

One of the earliest mainstream Hollywood films to use the word fuck was 20th Century Fox's MASH (during a football game segment), directed by Robert Altman and released in 1970.

Former Saturday Night Live cast member Charles Rocket uttered the epithet in one of the earliest instances of its use on television, during an episode of Saturday Night Live '80 (1980), for which he was subsequently fired.

The Sopranos holds the title of being the first television show to win the Best Drama Emmy Award in which characters repeatedly say fuck and many variations of the word as well. (The show is not on network television in the United States, it is on HBO.)

The show that holds the record for the most numerous utterances of the word on television is the HBO series Deadwood. The constant use of the word soon inspired a web site dedicated to keeping track of the Deadwood Fuck Count, which has recorded about 1.54 fucks per minute. Many of those expletives, and others colorful phrases, are spoken by the character Al Swearengen, played by Ian McShane, who won the 2005 Golden Globe Award for best actor in a television drama for his role in Deadwood.

A few films such as Totally Fucked Up and So Fucking What (Also called SFW) have used the word in their titles, but these titles have never seen widespread theatrical release. The Swedish film Fucking Åmål was released in English-speaking countries under the name Show Me Love.

Comedy Central will sometimes show movies with uncensored usage of the word after 1:00 a.m. Eastern Time, most frequently on Saturdays (technically Sunday morning). This is the only time slot where the network will air South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut

Video games

Video games, like movies, went through a long period where the word was never or rarely used, but this has changed in recent years. The first use of the word may have been in Sierra's Police Quest IV: Open Season, released in 1993, although it was used only once. Interplay's Voyeur, released on CD-i and PC in 1994, also used the word while describing a scene of underage incestuous sex in addition to scenes of nudity, which saw the game banned in Australia. Usage of the word remained rare during the mid 90s but appeared in a handful of games, such as Gabriel Knight 2 and the Phantasmagoria series, also from Sierra.

The PC adventure game The Orion Conspiracy, released in 1995 by Domark (now Eidos) may have been the first game to use the word extensively and frequently. Another game which did so was the full motion video PC game Ripper, released in 1996 by Take-Two Interactive and starring Christopher Walken. The first popular game to do so may have been Xatrix Entertainment's Kingpin: Life of Crime, released in 1999. The game was criticized by several groups for its heavy use of profanity and violence and even prompted a debate on the floor of the US senate. Several retailers refused to stock the game, including Best Buy and Wal-Mart.

Sega's Crazy Taxi, released as an arcade game in 1999, and Dreamcast in 2000 is notable for containing the obscenity in its soundtrack by The Offspring, yet receiveing a mild T (for Teen) rating from the ESRB. The fact that the word was sung in a song (and not spoken in dialogue), as well as the fact that it is not used profusely or frequently in the song, probably contributed to this mild rating.

In 2002, the PlayStation 2 game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City also included the word in its music's lyrics, in the song "Never Say Never" by Romeo Void, containing the line "That man could give a fuck about the grin on your face". The game also included the word in print, as there is a room in the game with posters displaying the phrases "Absolutely fucking brilliant" and "It fucking rocks". Because this room is fairly obscure and not a major part of the gameplay, it's quite likely this was intended to be an Easter egg, and it may have escaped the attention of the ESRB (who still gave it an M, for Mature, rating, because of its graphic violence and sexual innuendo). Its sequel, however, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, may have definitively broken down the profanity barrier in video games by featuring the word fuck pervasively and constantly, not only in the game's soundtrack (in several songs by gangsta rap artists, as well as one by Rage Against the Machine), but also throughout the game's dialogue, which is both audible (recorded by voice actors) and legible (optionally appearing as on-screen subtitles). It is one of the few videogames also to contain the word cunt in dialogue.

Use in politics

Fuck is not widely used in politics, and because of this, any use by notable politicians tends to produce controversy. Some events of this nature include:

• During the 1968 Democratic National Convention, Chicago mayor Richard Daley became so enraged by a speech from Abraham A. Ribicoff that he shouted "Fuck you, you jew motherfucker!" Daley would later claim that he was shouting "you fink, you" and calling Ribicoff a "faker." A playback of the tapes, although inconclusive, had him appearing to say, "Fink you, you jew motherfaker."
• During a 1971 debate in the House of Commons, Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau mouthed the words "fuck off" under his breath (perhaps almost silently) at Conservative MP John Lundrigan, while Lundrigan made some comments about unemployment. Afterward, when asked by a television reporter what he said, Mr. Trudeau famously replied "Oh, I don't know... fuddle duddle, or something like that". "Fuddle duddle" consequently became a catchphrase in Canadian media associated with Trudeau.
• The first modern use in the British House of Commons came in 1982 when Reg Race, MP for Wood Green, referred to adverts placed in local newsagents by prostitutes which read "Phone them and fuck them". Hansard, the full record of debates, printed "f*** them", but even this euphemism was deprecated by the Speaker, George Thomas.
• In 1997 after Tony Blair's election win, left-wing then Labour party member George Galloway reportedly stated, "I don't give a fuck what Tony Blair thinks" when questioned about the party's move to the right.
• In March 2002, President of the United States, George W. Bush referred to the U.S. focus on Iraq's leader, Saddam Hussein, “fuck Saddam; we're taking his ass out,” at a Senate Republican Policy lunch on Capitol Hill.
• In late 2003, US presidential candidate Senator John Kerry used the word fuck in an interview with Rolling Stone. Referring to his vote in favor of the resolution authorizing President George W. Bush to use military force in Iraq, Sen. Kerry stated, "I voted for what I thought was best for the country. Did I expect Howard Dean to go off to the left and say, 'I'm against everything'? Sure. Did I expect George Bush to fuck it up as badly as he did? I don't think anybody did."
• In June 2004, US Vice President Dick Cheney told Senator Patrick Leahy to either "fuck off" or "go fuck yourself" during an exchange on the floor of the Senate. , to which Patrick Leahy cried foul.
• In February 2006 (Australia), New South Wales Premier Morris Iemma, while awaiting the start of a COAG media conference in Canberra, was chatting to Victorian Premier Steve Bracks. Not realizing cameras were operating he was recorded as saying "Today? This fuckwit who's the new CEO of the Cross City Tunnel has ... been saying what controversy? There is no controversy." The exchange referred to the newly appointed CEO of a recently-opened toll road within Sydney.

Freedom of expression

In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the mere public display of fuck is protected under the First and Fourteenth Amendments and cannot be made a criminal offense. In 1968, Paul Robert Cohen had been convicted of "disturbing the peace" for wearing a jacket with "FUCK THE DRAFT" on it (in reference to conscription in the Vietnam War.) The conviction was upheld by the Court of Appeals and overturned by the Supreme Court. Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971).

Pornographer Larry Flynt, representing himself before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1983 in a libel case, shouted, "Fuck this court!" during the proceedings and called the justices "nothing but eight assholes and a token cunt." Chief Justice Warren E. Burger had him arrested for contempt of court but the charge was later dismissed on a technicality.

Popular usage

In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission fines stations for the broadcast of "indecent language", but in 2003 the agency's enforcement bureau ruled that the airing of the statement "This is really, really fucking brilliant!" by U2 member Bono after receiving a Golden Globe Award was neither obscene nor indecent. As U.S. broadcast indecency regulation only extends to depictions or descriptions of sexual or excretory functions, Bono's use of the word as a mere intensifier was not covered.

In early 2004, the full Commission reversed the bureau ruling, in an order that stated that "the F-word is one of the most vulgar, graphic and explicit descriptions of sexual activity in the English language;" a fine, however, has yet to result. Notwithstanding widespread usage and linguistic analysis to the contrary, the reversal was premised on the conclusion that the word "fuck" has always referred to sexual activity, a claim that the FCC neither explained nor supported with evidence. Even on cable television, which is not regulated by the FCC, few channels in the United States will broadcast the word fuck because of a fear of backlash from advertisers or the overbearing FCC.

The British television show T.F.I Friday officially stood for "Thank Four It's Friday" (the reference to Four being Channel Four on which the show was broadcast). However, it was widely understood in fact to stand for "Thank Fuck It's Friday"; it has been suggested that it would have been broadcast with that title had it no been decided to broadcast it before the watershed. The show also holds the record for the most frequent use of the word fuck to a pre-watershed audience, owing to guest Shaun Ryder using the word 9 times whilst impersonating the frontman of the band The Sex Pistols, despite the best efforts of Channel 4. Ryder is now the only person to appear by name in the Channel 4 policy document. The show inspired another show named O.F.I Sunday, or "Oh Fuck It's Sunday". By 2006 there appear to be few limitations on the use of the word after the 9pm watershed on British television, and it is commonly used.

Contextual usage

As language progresses and the modern generation ages usage of words such as fuck will most likely become more acceptable due to more liberal approaches to speech. Due to this the methods in which the word can be employed change regularly to reflect creative uses of language. A primary example of this being in the 2005 Chanel 4 Sitcom Nathan Barley where, as a celebration the lead character shouts "Michael fucking Jackson". Other usages of the word fuck include:

• Fuck off — offensive, "go away".
• Fuck up — To damage something. Or if used as "He is such a fuck up." Someone who is a derelict or not ambitious.
• Fucked up - when something is screwed up or not 'kosher'. Like to be used as "That's fucked up to make fun of him like that."
• Fuckwit — A person who is particarly slow or unintelligent is said to be fuckwitted.
• For fuck's sake — As a substitute for another word.
• Fuckhead — derogatory remark suggesting someone is acting without thinking, is incompetent, or is just plain stupid.
• Fucktard — directed, offensive. A combination of fuck and the word retard. Used widely in online gaming environments.

Acronyms

• SNAFU — Situation Normal, All Fucked Up. Initially used in WWI in the US military, but then migrating into common usage in the US.
• FUBAR — Fucked Up Beyond All Recogition. Initially used in WWII in the US military, but then migrating into common usage in the US. This acronym transmogrified into "FOOBAR" which entered into computer jargon. The word FUBAR was also popularized in the film Saving Private Ryan.
• LMFAO — Laugh My Fucking Ass Off. Initially used as a txt.
• PTFO — Passed (or Peace) The Fuck Out. Also used as a txt.
• OMFG — Oh My Fucking God. Used in internet forums for unbelievable stuff.
• GTFO — Get The Fuck Out. Used in internet forums also.
• Charlie Foxtrot (CF) — Play on the NATO phonetic alphabet meaning "Cluster Fuck".
• STFU — Shut The Fuck Up. Used widely on Internet forums as well.
• WTF — What The Fuck. Also used on Internet fourms.
• FFS — For Fuck's Sake. Also in wide usage on Internet forums and online video games, e.g. "FFS n00b get outta my tank"
• BFD — Big Fucking Deal
• BFE — Bum Fuck Egypt, or Butt Fucked Egypt. Used as middle of nowhere.
• FOD — Fuck Off and Die. Most notably the name of a song by Green Day.
• FTW - Fuck the World.
• RTFM - Read the fucking manual.

Common alternatives

In conversation or writing, reference to or use of the word fuck may be replaced by any of a large list of alternative words or phrases including F word, F Bomb (a play on the A-Bomb and H-Bomb) and flipping, fricking, frigging, freaking, fraking or any of a number of similar sounding nonsense words. It may also be called F sharp (as in the music note). There are alternatives such as, F**k and F---. Fucking can be described as, F-ing. The over usage of swear words, is often call "F-ing and blinding".

In some television science fiction shows, altered versions of the word have been created to allow characters to express themselves without getting into trouble with the censors. For example, in Farscape the word is "frell", and in Battlestar Galactica the word is frak, while Red Dwarf uses smeg in a similar context. In the series Firefly, the characters will often switch to Mandarin to swear, again avoiding any accusations of indecency. A similar ploy came in the Irish sitcom Father Ted, where the characters say feck regularly (although the term was not invented by the show's creators). Also on the NBC comedy Scrubs Elliot Reid sometimes uses frick to show frustration (also displaying her WASP background). In the popular Christmas film A Christmas Story, Ralph, the main character, says the offensive word, but written into the script is its own censorship, for the audience only hears the boy say fudge.

The late 80's saw a rise in adult-oriented comic books, with more and more antihero characters published by Marvel Comics, Dark Horse, Image, and Vertigo using the word fuck. In the DC Comics universe, Keith Giffen's Lobo, a parody of the filthy-mouthed antihero model, would casually say frag in place of fuck. Otherwise, comic books aimed at general audiences traditionally expressed the word fuck (along with other curse words) as a string of non-alphanumeric characters, for example, @$#*!! in place of FUCK!!.

Other languages

Interlingual homophony

German

Although the word to fuck literally translates as ficken, and the exclamation of fuck translates usually as "Scheiße" (literally shit) or "Mist" (literally crap), the exclamation fuck itself has been known to have been "borrowed" into the German language as a swear word and is in semi to very frequent use. It is to be noted, however, that ficken and all its derivatives, notably the adverbial verfickt or "gefickt" (for "fucked") is being rather frequently used in German, especially among young people, in the same way fuck is being used in vulgar English.

In the German language there are germanized forms of the word, like the pseudo-anglicism abgefuckt for fucked up. German as a language, especially in coloqiual and often young slang, borrows deeply from English swearwords; two very often used and common examples being "Fuck" and "Shit." Interestingly, in a similar way, "Scheiße" is becoming fairly popular and certainly well understood as an expletive among English speakers, although often mis-pronounced with medial not .

The verb ficken is historically used also in in non-sexual context, but still is related to friction. Examples include:

• Schuhe ficken: the process of polishing shoes
• ein Schwert ficken: the process of cleaning Slag, Tinder and Ash off a Sword's blade after blacksmithing it; this is done by hanging a Sandbag from the ceiling, lancing the blade through it and then quickly moving the sword back and forth until the blade is clean
• the medieval process of forcefully opening a door with the use of a battering ram.
• Thomas Pynchon popularized the German word among English speakers in his Gravity's Rainbow through his repeated use of the phrase "Fick nicht mit der Raketemann!"

Pakistan

In Urdu, the word fuck means "Chodna" whose literal meaning are to have sex.

Bangladesh

In Bangla, the word fuck means "Choda-Chudi"

India

Popular noations of the word inculde 'chooth' 'chod' and when used as a noun, say to call someone, as in 'fucker' choothiya' can be used.

Norwegian

In Norwegian, the word fokk means either foresail or something that gets blown in strong wind; drifting snow (snøfokk) or streaks of foam and spray at sea . The pronunciation is similar to how the Irish would say fuck. In Norwgian fuck can be used with the word "faen" who is short for fanden. Fanden is a Norwgian word for devil. Knulle or pule is the most colloquial word in Norwegian describing sexual intercourse. It is also common to use fuck in Norwegian conversations, like "fuck dette, jeg vil gjøre noe annet", meaning "fuck this, i want to do something else".

Swedish

In Swedish, the morpheme fack is pronounced almost identically to the English fuck, and has several meanings. The word fack, means either a box or compartment, for example a letterbox for internal mail. As a prefix, the morpheme fack refers to something pertaining to a certain trade or profession, for example in the words facklitteratur (literature pertaining to a certain profession) and fackförening (trade union, colloquially referred to as facket). These words can sometimes be unfortunate for people who have a tendency to code-switch between Swedish and English.

Fuck can also be used in colloquial Swedish as an English loan word, with basically the same meanings as in English.

Afrikaans

In Afrikaans, the slang word fok has been adopted as an Afrikaans equivalent of fuck, due to the influence of English media and language in South Africa. Coincidently, the Afrikaans word neuk, which resembles neuken, a Dutch equivalent of fuck, is used in the context of to strike (someone or something).

Other common usage:

Fokkof (pronounced Fawkoff) meaning fuck off.

Japanese

In Japanese, the slang word ファック fakku was adopted from the English word fuck, also due to the influence of English media and language. It basically has the usage as its English correlate, primarily being used to mean sexual intercourse. It is also not too rare to see an item of clothing that says 'FUCK'. One reason it has found popularity is that the letters written in English have a serene form of balance seeing as the 'f' and 'k' both consist of one long vertical stroke and two horizontal strokes, and the 'u' and 'c' are both basic semicircles.

French

In French, the word for seal (the animal) is phoque. Its pronunciation in French resembles that of the word fuck in English. In France French, phoque sounds like the British pronunciation of fuck while in Quebec French, phoque sounds like the North American pronunciation, due to areal influences (although this actually is coincidental, and has no relation to the English word). As well, the English term has been adopted as the adjective "fucké", a slang term commonly used in Quebec French to describe something that is broken or off-kilter, or someone who is not in their right mind. It is not considered particularly offensive.

The Quebec French word "tabernacle", meaning the clergical tabernacle, is often used in the same way as "fuck" in English, except in sexual-related usage. It is only used as interjection, noun or adverb. Other Quebecois-french swear words (which are pretty much all of clergical origin) such as "Christ" or "Calice" are much more versatile.

Note that in Quebec French, English swearwords such as Shit and Fuck are considered to be much less vulgar than if used in the same context for an English speaking person. This is also the origin of the stereotype of French people swearing a lot that many English Canadians have. However, the word Tabernacle (pronounced "tabarnak") is considered to be very vulgar, but not more so than Fuck is in English.

An abbreviation of the French word for university (faculté) is fac; in the movie L'Auberge Espagnole, it is mistaken for fuck by one of the British characters.

Latin

In Latin, the verb 'facere' translates both as 'to make' and 'to do'. The stem 'fac' is pronounced with a hard 'c' and a short, flat 'a' sound ("fak"). The second person singular ("he/she/it does"), 'facit' is pronounced "fak-it". The singular imperative ("Make!" or "Do!"), 'fac' is pronounced "fak".

"Fac ut vivus" is a popular phrase among beginning Latin students, meaning: "Get a life."

Similar words in other languages

Dutch

In Dutch, the first person singular of the verb Neuken, meaning "to fuck".

Tamil

In Tamil, some common translations are "oootthah", "ookah", "ooolu", "poondai" and "kosu".

Arabic

In Arabic, there are a lot of direct translations for the verb to fuck. The most common verb is "yaneek", from which several other forms can be derived, as in "manyak" (fucker), "itnaak" (get fucked), "manyook" (fucked) and "manyakeh" (fucking about).

French

In French, the closest translation would be "baiser"- not to be confused with "un baiser" which means a kiss.

Hebrew

In Hebrew, the equivalent word is lezayen (לזיין), and its origin (that was inoffensive) is old enough to appear in the Hebrew Bible in the term kley zayin (tools of armament -- weaponry). Zayin, the weapon, has eventually become a colloquial and rude term for the penis, and that change is what the copulation-related words derive from in Hebrew. Similarly to English, the Hebrew word can be used as most any part of speech: a verb (lezayen), a noun (ziyun), an adjective (mezuyan or mizdayen), but not as an adverb nor an infix and not even a common expletive, therefore it is not quite as versatile as the English language counterpart.

The term kley zayin has fallen out of use in modern-day Hebrew and is virtually never used.

In Arabic Druze Communities, the word (Taih, Yateeh) is extremely offensive and is also used to indicate sexual intercourse. What is also notable about this word is that it exists in Arabic in a nonoffensive way except when used among the Druze.

Kannada

In the Kannada language, "fuck" is said as "kaiya" and getfucket is said as "kaisko".

Thai

In the Thai language, fuck translates to เย็ด (yed) and motherfucker to เย็ดแม่ (yedmae). However, due to the polite nature of Thai culture, this word is rarely used except by the crudest of people. It is taken much more offensively than in English, and its use is not culturally acceptable.

Persian

In Persian language, the word fuck has few translations. The equivalent word is "gayeedan" (گاییدن ). The word "kardan" (کردن) is also used. "Madarjendeh" (مادر جنده) means "someone whose mother is a whore". There is no commonly-used slang or equivalent word for "mother fucker" in Persian Language.

Italian

In Italian can be translated as "fottere" (to fuck) or "vaffanculo" or "'fanculo" (fuck you).

Zulu

In Zulu, the verb "sleenk oun" translates directly to mean to penetrate using a blunt object. This can also mean to have sexual intercourse.

Notes

1. American Heritage Dictionary definition of fuck

Further reference

• Hargrave, Andrea Millwood (2000). Delete Expletives? London: Advertising Standards Authority, British Broadcasting Corporation, Broadcasting Standards Commission, Independent Television Commission.
• Jesse Sheidlower, The F Word (1999) ISBN 0-375-70634-8. Presents hundreds of uses of fuck and related words.
• Michael Swan, Practical English Usage, OUP, 1995, ISBN 0-19-431197-X
• Phillip J. Cunningham, Zakennayo!: The Real Japanese You Were Never Taught in School, Plume (1995) ISBN 0-452-27506-7
• Wayland Young, Eros Denied: Sex in Western Society. Grove Press/Zebra Books, New York 1964.

See also

• List of films ordered by uses of the word fuck
• Sexual slang
• Profanity
• Censorship
• Four-letter word
• Euphemism
• Fucking, Austria
• KCUF
• Madonna on Letterman
• Seven dirty words
• FCUK

Derivative words

• Feck
• Motherfucker
• Ratfucking
• Brainfuck
• fsck
• Uncle Fucka

External links

2. Part 2

• Re: the Cheney-Leahy incident, slate.com discusses how newspapers decide whether or not to print fuck.
• "Online Etymology Dictionary." Some Etymology Research
• Usage of the Word Fuck (sound file), a famous (though factually incorrect) piece of Internet humor, variously and incorrectly attributed to Monty Python and George Carlin. Recorded anonymously with a Vivaldi soundtrack, it is believed to be the voice of Jack Wagner.
• Flash animation of the above sound file.
• Fuck, academic paper exploring the legal implications of the word, by Christopher M. Fairman, Ohio State University - Michael E. Moritz College of Law March 2006. Ohio State Public Law Working Paper No. 59

• Fuck
• Profanity
• Sexual slang