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Population

• 1,408,556 (July 2003 estimate)
• 1,431,471 (July 2000 estimate)
• 1,376,743 (last census March 31, 2000)
• 1,356,045 (official, January 1, 2003)

Age structure

• 0-14 years: 18% (male 129,204; female 124,269)
• 15-64 years: 68% (male 466,960; female 503,233)
• 65 years and over: 14% (male 67,781; female 140,024) (2000 est.)

Population growth rate

• -0.59% (2000 est.)

Birth rate

• 8.45 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)

Death rate

• 13.55 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)

Net migration rate

• -0.79 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)

Sex ratio

• at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
• under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
• 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
• 65 years and over: 0.48 male(s)/female
• total population: 0.87 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Infant mortality rate

12.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

• total population: 69.45 years
• male: 63.4 years
• female: 75.79 years (2000 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.19 children born/woman (2000 est.)

Nationality

• noun: Estonian(s)
• adjective: Estonian

Ethnic groups

Estonian 68.6%, Russian 25.7%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian 1.2%, Finn 0.8%, other 1.6% (2006)

Religion

Traditional religion of the Estonians is the Christian belief in the form the Evangelical Lutheran confession (as in many other countries in Scandinavia).

Less than a third of the population define themselves as believers, of those the majority are Lutheran, whereas the Russian minority is Eastern Orthodox. Ancient equinoctial heathen traditions are held in high regard. Today, about 32 % of the population are members of a church or religious group, thereof:

• 14.8 % Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church
• 13.9 % Estonian Orthodox Church
• ca. 10,000 Muslims
• ca. 6,000 Baptists
• ca. 3,500 Roman Catholics

There are also a number of smaller Protestant and Jewish groups.

Languages

Russian (official), Ukrainian, English, Finnish, German, other

Literacy

• age 7 and over can read and write
• total population: 100% (1998 est.)

See also : Estonia

• Demographics by country
• Estonian society