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This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. Feel free to improve this article or discuss changes on the talk page, but please note that updates without valid and reliable references will be removed. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
2018 Land Day incidents | |||
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Great March of Return Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict | |||
Map of the Gaza Strip | |||
Date | 30 March 2018 – present | ||
Location | Gaza Strip, near the Israeli border | ||
Parties | |||
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Number | |||
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Casualties | |||
Death(s) | 27 | ||
Injuries | over 2,766 (Gaza Ministry of Health estimate) |
Beginning on Friday, 30 March 2018, the Palestinian Land Day, tens of thousands of Palestinians participated in a protest called the Great March of Return in the Gaza Strip near the Israeli border. The protests included violence directed at the border fence. Israeli forces have killed 27 Palestinians.
The Gaza Ministry of Health stated the number of injured on 30 March as 1,416, from live fire, rubber bullets or tear gas intoxication. Nineteen Palestinians were killed on 30 March or died due to wounds sustained that day. According to the United Nations, 30 March was the day with the greatest number of casualties in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict since the 2014 armed conflict. On 6 April, the Ministry reported that 7 Palestinians were killed, 1,350 were injured, and 25 were in critical condition; and that approximately 400 of those injured were hit by live ammunition. The Palestinian Red Crescent Society reported it had treated 700 injuries on 6 April, including 320 from live fire.
The protests were planned as a six-week campaign from 30 March to Nakba Day on 15 May. Five protest camps were erected at sites along the Gazan–Israeli border. Thirty thousand people attended the events on 30 March, demanding that Palestinian refugees and their descendants be allowed to return to what is now Israel. During the protests, tires were burnt and Molotov cocktails and stones were thrown in the direction of the border. The camps have remained in place since.
A second wave of large protests began on Friday, 6 April 2018. Protesters brought large numbers of tires to create smoke shields for the protests. According to Israeli sources, Palestinian protesters used stones and Molotov cocktails, while the Israeli military used tear gas and live ammunition.
Israeli officials stated that the protests were used by Hamas as cover for launching attacks against Israel. According to Israel, eight members of Hamas' Qassam Brigades were among those killed; Hamas has identified five of the dead as Qassam Brigades members. Two men were killed on 30 March by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), about 150 meters from the fence; the IDF said they were armed with AK-47 rifles and hand grenades and were trying to breach the fence.
Israel's use of deadly force has been condemned by human rights organizations, and criticized by United Nations officials. Israeli military and civilian leaders have praised Israeli troops for their actions, which they describe as necessary defensive measures. The United Nations has proposed at least two statements calling for an investigation into Israel's killing of Palestinian protesters, but the United States has blocked both of them.
Background
Land Day is an annual day of commemoration for Palestinians worldwide of events that unfolded on 30 March 1976. In response to the Israeli government's planned expropriation of Arab-owned land in northern Israel, local Arab leaders called for a day of general strikes and protests against the confiscation of lands. In the ensuing strikes, six Israeli-Arabs were killed by Israeli security forces and about 100 others were wounded.
In 2005, the Israeli military imposed a "no-go zone" on the interior side of the Israel-Gaza border. This zone restricts Palestinians from entering "about 17 percent of Gaza's territory, including a third of its agricultural lands", according to Human Rights Watch. According to IDF this is done "to prevent the concealment of improvised explosives and to disrupt and prevent the use of the area for destructive purposes."
In February 2018 four IDF soldiers were hurt by an explosive device concealed in a Palestinian flag which was placed on the Gazan border fence during a Palestinian protest.
In 2011, Ahmed Abu Ratima, a Gazan whose family originally came from Ramla, conceived the idea of mustering people to go peacefully to the separation barrier and call out for their right to return to the homes from which they had been driven, or had fled, in the past. This idea did not take root until 2018, when an event called the Great March of Return was prepared, which would consist of a 6 week period of regular pacific sit-ins, the start coinciding with the annual Land Day commemoration that began on 30 March and continues until 15 May, which mark two events in 1948 on the respective dates: the anniversary of Israel‘s declaration of independence, and Nakba Day, the day of commemoration of the mass Palestinian exodus during the Palestine war.
The organizers of the event, including the local government authority Hamas and various Palestinian factions, had encouraged thousands of Palestinians to converge on the Israeli border for the 42nd anniversary, in what was dubbed the "March of Return".
In the week prior to March 30, the IDF arrested a suspect who crossed into Israeli territory from northern Gaza; 2 Palestinians were spotted near the now-defunct Karni crossing container port trying to set fire to army engineering equipment close to the security fence; a group of four Palestinians infiltrated Israel near Kissufim; and 3 Gazans armed with grenades and knives crossed the border and were captured some 20 kilometers (12 mi) from the border near Tze'elim.
On 25 March, the IDF fired some ten Iron Dome missiles to intercept what the IDF said was high-trajectory machine-gun fire from Gaza towards Zikim.
Timeline
30 March – Land day protests
The events of the day were some of the most violent in recent years.
According to The New York Times, prior to the protests the Israeli government began a campaign to hold Hamas responsible for any violence during the protests. To preempt incidents along the border, Israel nearly doubled their forces stationed along there, deploying special units, drones, and 100 snipers with permission to open fire.
The Israeli Prime Minister's Arabic spokesman and Defense Minister's Arabic Twitter account threatened protesters who approached the border with serious or life-threatening injury. The Palestinian Health Ministry reported that before the main series of clashes, Israeli artillery fire killed a Palestinian farmer working near the border zone.
Five tent camps were set up 500 to 700 meters from the Israel–Gaza barrier, near the 300m no-go zone imposed by Israel:
- "An-Nahda area in the east of Rafah
- "Al-Najar area east of Khuza'a in Khan Younis
- "Al Bureij camp in the Middle Area
- "Malaka area east of Gaza City
- "Abu Safiya in Jabalia and at the checkpoint in Beit Hanoun, North Gaza."
According to the Israeli military, up to 30,000 people were bused in by the Gazan government to the site of the protest; entire families—men, women and children—participated in the marches. The majority of the demonstrators in the encampments were away from the border security and did not engage in violence. Hundreds of young Palestinians, however, ignored warnings issued by the organizers and the Israeli military to avoid the border zone. When some demonstrators began throwing stones and Molotov cocktails, Israel responded by declaring Gaza a closed military zone and opening fire on protesters.
6 April – "Day of the Tire"
Protest organizers and Hamas called for renewed demonstrations on the Israel-Gaza border the following Friday, 6 April. The IDF stated that it intended to use the same force as the preceding week to prevent infiltrations of Israeli territory.
Between 31 March-6 April, demonstrators have gathered tires in Gaza to be burnt on April 6th, in preparation for what was dubbed the “Day of the Tire”. Israeli officials have cautioned of that the mass burning of tires along the border can produce environmental harm.
Thousands of Palestinians joined in the 6 April demonstrations; the IDF estimated their number at 20,000 people.
Casualties
A total of 27 Palestinians have been reported dead as of 6 April 2018.
30 March
Nineteen or twenty Palestinians were killed on 30 March or due to wounds sustained that day; many of them were reported by IDF to have been members of Hamas.
Over 1,400 suffered injuries according to the Gaza Ministry of Health, with 758 (773) reportedly wounded from live fire, 148 from rubber-tipped bullets, 422 from inhaling tear gas and 88 from other causes. Medical camps set up within the protests were able to treat 405 of the injured, and transferred 1,010 to hospitals for further care. The Palestinian Red Crescent has also estimated that around 800 people were injured by live fire, while the Israeli military says only a few dozen or so were.
A spokesman from Al-Shifa Hospital stated that of 284 injured people admitted for treatment, most were suffering from live bullet wounds, and 70 were under 18 years of age, while 11 were women.
- Killed prior to protests
- Omar Samour (31), a farmer killed around dawn on his own land near Khan Younis, apparently by artillery fire
- Killed during the protests
- Mohammed Naeem Abu Amr (Mohammed Abu Omar, 22, Rafah), a noted sand artist, a member of Hamas's military wing; and according to the IDF, a Hamas military operative involved in tunneling.
- Ahmed Ibrahim Ashour Odeh (19), a member of Hamas's military wing
- Jihad Ahmed Fraina (33), a member of Hamas's military wing; according to the IDF, the Sheikh Radwan company commander.
- Mahmoud Saadi Rahmi (33), according to the IDF from Shuja'iyya, and a Hamas operative.
- Abdul Fattah Abdul Nabi (19, from Beit Lahia) reportedly shot in the back while running away from the border carrying a tire. Israel reported that a "Abd al-Fattah Bahjat Abd al-Nabi" was among the Hamas militants it killed. Abdul Fattah's family reported that he was not a member of Hamas' military wing, and works in a felafel shop; his funeral did not involve the honors usually given to slain Palestinian fighters.
- Ibrahim Salah Abu Shaar (20), according to the IDF a global Jihad activist.
- Sari Walid Abu Odeh, a member of Hamas's military wing; according to the IDF a Hamas operative from Beit Hanoun.
- Hamdan Isma'il Abu Amsha, according to the IDF from Beit Hanoun, aged 28, and a member of Hamas's military wing.
- Jihad Zuhair Abu Jamous: according to the IDF a member of al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.
- Naji Abu Hijir
- Mohammad Kamel Najjar: shot in the stomach near Jabaliya
- Wahid Nasrallah Abu Samour
- Amin Mahmoud Abu Muammar (38, from Rafah):
- Abd al-Qader Marhi al-Hawajri
- Bader Fayek al-Sabbagh (20): Shot in head, reportedly (according to his brother, who was present) while smoking a cigarette with his brother behind a group throwing rocks.
Died later of fatal wounds suffered on 30 March
- Faris al-Raqid (29), a member of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, fatally wounded by a shot to the stomach, and who succumbed to his wounds three days later. Islamic Jihad said he was unarmed during the protest.
- Shadi al-Kashif (34), was shot in the head. After six days in critical condition, he died on 5 April.
Killed and recovered by Israel
Two reportedly armed men were shot:
- Muhammed Mhareb al-Arabiyeh
- Musab Zuheir Anis al-Saloul (who according to Hamas's website was a member of their military wing)
According to Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel, their bodies were left lying on the ground in a buffer zone established by Israel, at the Jahr Al-Dik area inside Wadi Gaza, at a distance of 150 metres from the border, and could not be checked and evacuated due to their proximity to a no-go zone where Israel declared that anyone detected would be at risk of being shot. Israeli forces recovered the bodies and said the two were gunmen armed with AK-47 assault rifles and hand grenades who had attempted to breach the fence. An International Crisis Group spokesman described "two armed Hamas gunmen, separate from the protesting crowds, tried to approach the fence and were killed by Israeli forces."
Israel announced on April 1 that it will hold the men's bodies rather than returning them. Israel is currently seeking the return of Avera Mangistu, Hisham al-Sayed, and Jumaa Abu Ghanima, mentally ill men who wandered into Gaza and who are currently held by Hamas, as well as the bodies of Hadar Goldin and Oren Shaul, soldiers believed to have been killed in the 2014 Gaza conflict. Israel already held the bodies of 24 Palestinians killed in prior incidents.
Descriptions of casualties
According to an IDF tweet on the following day, later deleted:
'Nothing was carried out uncontrolled; everything was accurate and measured, and we know where every bullet landed.'
According to the IDF, at least eight members of Hamas were among the dead, as well as one from the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and one from a Salafist group. According to Hamas, five members of its military wing were among the dead; the organization described them as taking part "in popular events side-by-side with their people."
Human Rights Watch observers stated with regard to 30 March, "While some protesters near the border fence burned tires and threw rocks, Human Rights Watch could find no evidence of any protester using firearms or any IDF claim of threatened firearm use at the demonstrations." The organization says there is evidence of Palestinians who did not pose any threat to Israeli guards being shot by the Israeli military. B'Tselem described Israeli actions as unlawful and said that "shooting unarmed demonstrators is illegal and the command that allows it is manifestly illegal."
Week of 31 March to 5 April
- Ahmed Arafa (25), was killed by Israeli gunfire after breaking through the border fence on 3 April. Arafa was a member of the military wing of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine. He was reportedly among a group of five individuals present at the fence in a surveillance video, one of whom broke open the fence with a pipe and two of whom crossed through the resulting hole.
- A Palestinian man was killed by an Israeli airstrike on 5 April after approaching the border fence. The IDF stated that he was armed, but did not specify the type of weapon.
6 April
For the 6 April protests, the Ministry reported that 9 Palestinians were killed, 1,350 were injured, and 25 were in critical condition; and that approximately 400 of those injured were hit by live ammunition. The Palestinian Red Crescent Society reported it had treated 700 injuries on 6 April, including 320 from live fire.
- Among those killed was Yaser Murtaja, a 30-year old Palestinian photographer, who was shot according to Palestinians in the stomach by an Israeli sniper despite wearing a jacket emblazoned with 'PRESS' to identify him as a journalist. According to the Palestinian journalist syndicate, seven other Palestinian journalists were injured by the Israelis during that day's protest.
Tactics
Palestinian tactics
Observers from the International Rescue Committee and the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported that the majority of protesters acted nonviolently on 30 March and 6 April. Protest camps are set up 700 meters from the border. Protest actions near the camps have been large, diverse in participation, and peaceful. On both of the larger protest days, hundreds of primarily young men have approached or entered the 300 meter exclusion zone declared by Israeli military forces, thrown stones, hurled Molotov cocktails, and attempted to plant Palestinian flags. Most stones fall far short of the border fence. Palestinian protesters have used burning tires to obstruct the sightlines of Israeli snipers and t-shirts and masks to protect themselves from tear gas. Palestinians erected earthen embankments near the 300m mark to protect those further away from Israeli fire.
The Israeli military accused Hamas of using the protests as a guise to launch attacks against Israel, and warned about further reprisals. Israel has said that Hamas is forcing bus companies to transport people to the border for the April 6th protests. Hamas has also been offering payments to families of protestors who are wounded or killed during these protests.
Israeli politicians have accused Hamas of using protestors as human shields. The United States' Special Representative for International Negotiations Jason Greenblatt stated, with regards to the planned April 6th protest, that "We condemn leaders and protestors who call for violence or who send protestors — including children — to the fence, knowing that they may be injured or killed."
Israeli tactics
The Israeli military has deployed soldiers, including snipers and tanks, to the border. Soldiers have opened fire on protesters with tear gas, rubber bullets and live ammunition. Israeli tear gas canisters have penetrated more than 300m into the Gaza Strip.
On 6 April, the IDF used massive fans and water cannons in unsuccessful attempts to douse fires in burning tires.
Elizabeth Throssell, a spokesperson for the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, said that the use of deadly force was largely unjustified, since such force may only be used as a last resort when there is an imminent threat of death or serious injury. "An attempt to approach or cross the green-line fence by itself certainly does not amount to a threat to life or serious injury that would justify the use of live ammunition," the office said. On 4 April, the European Union expressed deep alarm over "the use of live ammunition by Israeli Security Forces as a means of crowd control," and called on Israel to investigate every death and prosecute the perpetrators where appropriate.
Reactions
Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas declared a day of mourning on 31 March.
The escalation of violence in Gaza concerned the entire Arab world. Jordan and Egypt condemned Israel's use of force, considering recent developments as harmful to brokering peace. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu — leaders with mutual disdain for each other — exchanged heated remarks over the border clashes; Erdogan labeled the Israeli response an "inhumane attack" amid growing international criticism of the Israeli military.
The United Nations Secretary General and the European Union have called for an independent inquiry into the violence. Called on by Kuwaiti ambassador Mansour Al-Otaibi, the United Nations Security Council initiated an emergency meeting following the violence on March 30. A Security Council statement for an independent inquiry surrounding the events was blocked by the United States, and rejected by Israel's Defense Minister, Avigdor Lieberman, who stated that the soldiers' actions were necessary to secure the border. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres observed that the situation "underlines the urgency of revitalizing the peace process aiming at creating the conditions for a return to meaningful negotiations".
See also
References
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- ^ Kershner, Isabel; Abuheweila, Iyad (30 March 2018). "Israeli Military Kills 15 Palestinians in Confrontations on Gaza Border". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- http://www.palestinechronicle.com/20-palestinians-killed-gaza-since-friday/
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Israeli troops shot dead seven Palestinian protesters …Gaza medical officials said, raising the death toll to 27 in the week-long disturbances.
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(help) - ^ Jack Khoury, Gaza Footage Shows Protester Shot in the Back While Running Away From Israeli Border Wall', Haaretz, 31 March 2018.
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has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "'Imagine the march of return along Israel's main highway'". Israel National News. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
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On March 29, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's Arabic spokesman posted a video of a man shot in the leg, stating, "This is the least that anyone who tries to cross the security fence between Gaza and Israel will face." On the morning of 30 March, Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman tweeted in Arabic that, "Anyone who approaches the border puts his life in jeopardy."
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(help) - ^ "Palestinian protester who was shot during Friday border clashes dies". Times of Israel. 5 April 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
Shadi al-Kashif, 34, was shot in the head near the border in southern Gaza and had since been in critical condition, the ministry said. His death brings the toll from Friday's clashes to 20, according to the ministry's figures.
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Earlier, the ministry confirmed a Palestinian was killed by an Israeli airstrike on the Gaza border. Health officials in Gaza's Shifa hospital were working to identify him. The Israeli army said the man was armed and approaching the border when he was targeted.
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(help) - ^ "Palestinian journalist dies after being shot by Israeli forces". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
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(help) - ADAM RASGON (5 April 2018). "AHEAD OF FRESH STANDOFF, HAMAS REVEALS PAYOUTS TO INJURED PROTESTER". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
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(help) - "Egypt, Jordan condemn Israel's use of force". The Jerusalem Post. 2 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
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(help) - "UN Security Council holds emergency meeting on Gaza clashes". Washington Post. 30 March 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- ^ Clarke, Hilary (1 April 2018). "Diplomats: US blocks UN statement for independent inquiry into Gaza violence". Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- "No Gaza Inquiry, Israeli Defense Minister Says". The Jerusalem Post. 1 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
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