Azerbaijan (Iran) - Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Salar2007 (talk | contribs) at 18:24, 5 November 2006 (→People). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Revision as of 18:24, 5 November 2006 by Salar2007 (talk | contribs) (→People)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)

This article is about the region in Iran; for other uses, see Azerbaijan (disambiguation).

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan, also Iranian Azarbaijan, Iranian Azerbaijan, or Persian Azarbaijan (Persian: آذربایجان ایران; Āzārbāijān-e Irān; Azarbaijani language: آذربایجان), is a region in northwestern Iran and south of the Republic of Azarbaijan. The region is sometimes called Southern Azarbaijan or South Azerbaijan (Azarbaijani language: گوني آذربایجان, Güney Azərbaycan) ; some Iranian sources view these names as being motivated by Azeri nationalism.. The reason is that historically the republic of Azerbaijan has been called Albania and the name South Azerbaijan is a product of the last century. .

Geography

Azarbaijan has an area of 176,512 square kilometers and a population of about 10 million (estimates vary). The Azeris make up the majority of the population in the Iranian region of Azarbaijan. Azarbaijan is famous for its great natural beauty. There are 17 rivers and two lakes in the region. Cotton, nuts, textiles, tea, machinery and electrical equpiments are main industries. The northern, alpine region, which includes Lake Urmia, is mountainous, with deep valleys and fertile lowlands.

Economy

Handicrafts and Agricalture

Grains, fruits, cotton, rice, nuts, and tobacco are grown. Wool, carpets, and metalware are produced.

Industrial

Industries include machine tools, vehchile factories, oil refinery, petrochemical complex, food processing, cement, textiles, electric equipment, and sugar milling. Oil and gas pipelines run through the region.

People

History

In ancient times, before the Aryan migration to Iranian Plateau, Azarbaijan was dominated by the Kingdom of Urartu (in Armenia). By the 8th century BC, it had been settled by Medes, and it later formed the province of Media Minor in the Persian Empire. After Alexander the Great conquered Persia, he appointed (328 BC) as governor the Persian general Atropates, who eventually established an independent dynasty. Later, the region, which came to be called Atropatene or Media Atropatene, was much disputed. In the 2nd century BC, it was liberated from Seleucid domination by Mithradates I of Arsacid dynasty, and c. AD 226 it became part of the Sassanid Empire of Ardashir I. Shapur II enlarged Azarbaijan by adding territory in the north known as Arran or Aran (today known as the Republic of Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan).

Heraclius, the Byzantine emperor, briefly held the region in the 7th century, just before the Islamic Conquest of Iran; Arab invaders converted most of its people to Islam and made it part of the caliphate. The Seljuk Turks dominated the region in the 11th and 12th centuries, and the Mongols under Hulagu Khan established (13th century) their capital at Maragheh. After being conquered by Timur in the 14th century, Tabriz became an important provincial capital of the Timurid empire. It was out of Ardebil (Ancient Artavilla) that the Turkic Safavid dynasty arose (c. 1500) to renew the state of Gizilbash or Golden Heads. There was fierce fighting between the Ottoman Empire and Iran for Azerbaijan. After brief Ottoman control, Shah Abbas the Great, regained control of the region in 1603.

The northern Iranian provinces of Arran and Shirvan, which today constitute the State of Azarbaijan were ceded to Russia by treaties of 1813 and 1828. Following their expantionist policies, the soviet forces occupied Iranian Azarbaijan in 1941 and a very short-lived autonomous self-ruling government was created by Iranian Azerbaijanies in May 1946, which was dissoleved after the occupation of Azerbaijan by Iranian army in November of the same year.

Culture

Azarbaijan hails from a rich culture from Azari traditions. Many local dances and folk music continue to survive among the various peoples of the provinces. As a longstanding province of Persia, Azarbaijan is mentioned favorably on many occasions in Persian literature by Iran's greatest authors and poets. Examples:

گزیده هر چه در ایران بزرگان
زآذربایگان و ری و گرگان
All the nobles and greats of Iran,
Choose from Azarbaijan, Ray, and Gorgan.
--Vis o Ramin

از آنجا بتدبیر آزادگان
بیامد سوی آذرآبادگان
From there the wise and the free,
set off to Azarbaijan
--Nizami

بیک ماه در آذرآبادگان
ببودند شاهان و آزادگان
For a month's time, The Kings and The Free,
Would choose in Azarbaijan to be
--Ferdowsi

References

Encyclopaedia Iranica: "Azerbaijan", viii "Azerbaijan Turkish", Doerfer, G. page 246, (LINK)
Brown, Cameron S. 2002 (Dec.). "Observations from Azerbaijan." Middle East Review of International Affairs: v. 6, no. 4, (LINK)
Dr. Enayatollah Reza, "Arran: the real name of the Republic Azarbaijan", The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS), (LINK)
Dr. Kaveh Farrokh, "Pan-Turanism takes aim at Azarbaijan: A Geopolitical Agenda", (LINK)