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Revision as of 20:04, 2 May 2003 by 80.2.234.49 (talk)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)A doughnut, or donut, is a deep-fried piece of dough or batter. The two most common shapes are the flattened sphere, which is injected with jam/jelly or another sweet filling; and the ring, which was traditionally formed by wrapping the dough around a stick.
Doughnuts can be made using a yeast-based bread dough, or a special type of cake batter. Cake doughnuts are generally iced with a brightly coloured glace icing designed to appeal to children. Some doughnuts are dredged in cinnamon sugar and eaten hot, while others are filled with jam or custard, briefly soaked in a sugary flavoured solution, or glazed.
Donuts have become a part of western culture. The cartoon character Homer Simpson is especially fond of doughnuts, while popular mythology has American police officers addicted to them. There are entire chains of retail stores devoted to the selling of hot fresh doughnuts to eager customers, eg. Dunkin' Donuts, Krispy Kreme, Winchell's Donuts, and many other chain stores.
Other sweet fried pastries very similar to doughnuts include churros and fritters.
Doughnuts have a controversial history.
Did they come from the Isle Of Wight in the UK?
Were they imported into the USA by Dutch Settlers?
In France they are called Beignets.
In Germany thay are called Bismarks or Berliners (German doughnuts are sometimes called Berlin Doughnuts in the USA, and John F. Kennedy once famously said "Ich bin ein Berliner" which amused some Germans because he was evidently not attempting to claim that he was a jelly doughnut).
In the Hudson Valley (which includes the Catskill Mountains) in New York State USA, a doughnut is sometimes called an 'olicook' which derives from the Dutch 'Oliekoeke' or 'oil cake' (sometimes also called 'olykoecks').
The Dutch themselves refer to doughnuts as 'oliebollen' (oily balls).
Doughnuts, as ring shaped items, are an important explanatory tool in the science of topology where the ring donut shape (a ring with a circular cross section) is called a torus or toroid.
When Washington Irving referred to "doughnuts" in 1809 in his History of New York, it is believed to be the first known printed use of the word.