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Juan Guaidó
Interim President of Venezuela
Incumbent
Assumed office 23 January 2019 Disputed with Nicolás Maduro
Preceded by	Nicolás Maduro
10th President of the National Assembly of Venezuela
Incumbent
Assumed office 5 January 2019
Preceded by	Omar Barboza
Federal Deputy for Vargas
Incumbent
Assumed office 5 January 2016
Personal details
Born	Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez (1983-07-28) 28 July 1983 (age 41) La Guaira, Venezuela
Political party	Voluntad Popular (Popular Will)
Spouse	Fabiana Rosales
Children	1 daughter (Miranda Guaidó)
Education	Andrés Bello Catholic University George Washington University
Profession	Engineer
Signature

Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez (Venezuelan Spanish pronunciation: [hwaŋ heˈɾaɾðo ɣwai̯ˈðo ˈmaɾ.kes] ; born 28 July 1983) is a Venezuelan politician who has been serving as President of the National Assembly of Venezuela and as the partially recognized interim President of Venezuela since January 2019. He is a member of the centrist social-democratic Popular Will party, and serves as a federal deputy to the National Assembly, representing the state of Vargas.

During the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis, Guaidó took a public oath to serve as interim President of Venezuela, contesting the leadership of Nicolás Maduro. As of February 2019, his position on holding the interim presidency, based on an interpretation of Article 233 of the Constitution of Venezuela, has been recognized by more than 50 governments. The Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) rejected the National Assembly decisions while the Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile welcomed him as interim president.

Shortly after Guaidó became President of the National Assembly, he was briefly detained by authorities. He has also been prohibited from leaving the country, has had his assets frozen, is the subject of a probe into accusations that he helped foreign countries interfere in internal matters, and faces threats and intimidation from government officials in Venezuela.

Early life and education

Part of a large family, and of modest origins, Guaidó was raised in a middle-class home by his parents, Wilmer and Norka. His father was an airline pilot and his mother, a teacher. One grandfather was a sergeant of the Venezuelan National Guard while another grandfather was a captain in the Venezuelan Navy.

Guaidó lived through the 1999 Vargas tragedy which left his family temporarily homeless; he lost friends and his school. The tragedy, according to his colleagues, influenced his political views after the then-new government of Hugo Chávez allegedly provided ineffective response to the disaster. He said, "I saw that if I wanted a better future for my country I had to roll up my sleeves and give my life to public service." He earned his high school diploma in 2000 and earned his undergraduate degree in 2007 in industrial engineering from Andrés Bello Catholic University. He also completed two postgraduate programs in public administration at George Washington University in the United States and at the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración in Caracas.

He is married to Fabiana Rosales, a journalist, and they have one daughter.

Activism

Guaidó said, after "it became clear that under Chávez the country was drifting toward totalitarianism", he helped found the student-led political movement that protested the Venezuelan government's decision not to renew the broadcasting license of independent television network RCTV with other prominent student leaders when he was 23—the year he graduated from Andrés Bello Catholic University. They also protested broader attempted government reforms by Chávez, including the 2007 constitutional referendum, which Chávez lost.

Together with Leopoldo López and other politicians, Guaidó was a founding member of the Popular Will political party in 2009; the party is affiliated with Socialist International, although his peers characterize Guaidó as a centrist, and Maduro places him on the right of the political spectrum.

In 2014, Guaidó was the party's national coordinator. López, one of Venezuela's main opposition politicians and under house arrest as of January 2019, "mentored Guaidó for years" according to CNN, and the two speak several times daily. As Lopez's protegé, Guaidó was well known in his party and the Assembly, but not internationally; López named Guaidó to lead the Popular Will party in 2019.

Venezuelan National Assembly

In the 2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election, Guaidó was elected as an alternate national deputy, and was elected to a full seat in the National Assembly in the 2015 elections with 26% of the vote. It is an impoverished area, and a majority of employers in Vargas are government companies; until Guaidó's 2015 election, chavista rule in the state was unchallenged.

Relatively unknown until 2019, Guaidó was one of several politicians who went on a hunger strike to demand elections in 2015. In 2017, he was named head of the Comptroller's Commission of the National Assembly and in 2018, he was named head of the legislature's opposition. He contributed to research at the University of Arizona, giving testimony to analysts on the working conditions of Latin American politicians and, specifically, institutional crisis and political change.

In the National Assembly, Guaidó investigated Maduro administration corruption cases, and worked with independent organizations to recover money stolen from the Venezuelan public. He participated in the 2017 Venezuelan protests and was left scarred on his neck after he was shot with rubber bullets. In January 2018 he was sworn in as the Leader of the Majority in the National Assembly. He spoke at the Latin American Peace Summit held in Brazil at the start of August 2018, representing Venezuela. In October 2018, he was a pallbearer for Fernando Albán.

President of the National Assembly

Guaidó was elected President of the National Assembly of Venezuela in December 2018, and was sworn in on 5 January 2019. Relatives of imprisoned politicians were invited to the inauguration, gathering on the balcony behind the banner of Juan Requesens. He is the youngest to lead the opposition.

An often-fragmented opposition unified around Guaidó. An article in Spain's El Pais says that two politicians were primarily responsible for the strategy that propelled Guaidó forward—Julio Borges (in exile) and Leopoldo López (under house arrest)—in a plan elaborated after failed negotiations in the Dominican Republic between representatives of chavismo and the opposition, and that took more than a year to come to fruition. Bringing together Venezuelan Harvard economist Ricardo Hausmann and politicians from different political parties, Borges led the effort with the Lima Group, while Antonio Ledezma and Carlos Vecchio led in the United States, and María Corina Machado and López kept pressure on in Venezuela. David Smolansky and Freddy Guevara also put their weight behind Guaidó, and Henrique Capriles—initially distant—joined in support.

Upon taking office, Guaidó vowed to oppose Maduro, and elaborated an eight-point action plan. The plan, approved by the National Assembly, envisions three phases (end of usurpation, transitional government, and free elections), with eight key points:

1. Reaffirm usurpation of presidency
2. National Assembly assumes representation of Venezuela in the international community
3. Create a transitional body to restore constitutional order, coordinated among legitimate authorities of civil society and armed forces
4. Re-take power of designation from usurpers
5. Promote recognition among international organizations
6. Authorize humanitarian aid
7. Create a fund for recuperating assets lost through corruption
8. Approve a legislative agenda for the transition

Detention and release

While on his way to a 13 January 2019 public assembly, Guaidó was briefly detained by members of the Bolivarian Intelligence Service (SEBIN), and released 45 minutes later. The Lima Group and the Secretary General of the Organization of American States (OAS), Luis Almagro, condemned the act. The government said the detention was carried out unilaterally by the SEBIN personnel. Twelve SEBIN officials were charged with illegitimate detention and abuse of functions.

Guaidó declared that the events demonstrated that there was a break in the chain of command in the Armed Forces, and that Maduro was not in control.

Interim President of Venezuela

Assumption of presidential powers and duties

Article 233 of the Constitution of Venezuela provides that, "when the president-elect is absolutely absent before taking office, a new election shall take place and until the president is elected and takes office, the interim president shall be the president of the National Assembly".

After what he and others described as the "illegitimate" inauguration of Maduro on 10 January 2019, Guaidó challenged Maduro's claim to the presidency. The National Assembly declared Guaidó had assumed the powers and duties of president, and continued to plan to remove Maduro. They called for demonstrations on 23 January, the 61st anniversary of the overthrow of dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez. Guaidó told the Wall Street Journal that "t's not about twisting arms, breaking kneecaps, but rather holding out a hand" and offered "amnesty to military officers who joined efforts for a transition in power". With massive numbers of demonstrators coming out on 23 January in cities throughout Venezuela and across the world, Guaidó swore "before Almighty God ... to formally assume the power of the national executive office as the president of Venezuela".

The US, Canada, Brazil and several Latin American countries supported Guaidó as interim president the same day; Russia, China, and Cuba supported Maduro. Maduro accused the US of backing a coup and said he would cut ties with them. Guaidó denies the coup allegations, saying peaceful volunteers back his movement. In December 2018, Guaidó had traveled to Washington D.C. where he met with OAS Secretary General Luis Almagro, and then on 14 January to Colombia for a Lima Group meeting, in which Maduro's mandate was rejected. According to an article in El Pais, the January Lima Group meeting and the stance taken by Canada's Chrystia Freeland were key. El Pais describes Trump's election—coinciding with the election of conservative presidents in Colombia and Brazil, along with deteriorating conditions in Venezuela—as "a perfect storm", influenced by hawks in the Trump administration. Venezuelans Carlos Vecchio, Julio Borges and Gustavo Tarre were consulted, and the Trump administration decision to back Guaidó formed on 22 January, according to El Pais.

As of February 2019, Guaidó is recognized as the interim president of Venezuela by more than 50 countries. Since assuming the interim presidency on 23 January, Guaidó has used a slogan, "We're doing well, very well, Venezuela!" (Template:Lang-es). He told CNN on 24 February that he would call elections 30 days after Maduro leaves power. He has not stated if he will run for president when elections occur.

Intimidation and threats

On 29 January, the TSJ launched a probe of Guaidó, froze his assets, and prohibited him from leaving the country. The travel ban and freezing of assets was described as unconstitutional by Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers for the United Nations Diego García Sayán.

While announcing the Plan País at the Central University of Venezuela on 31 January, Guaidó said special police had come to his home and asked for Fabiana, his wife. He then gave a general warning, saying that he would hold anyone who threatened his 20-month-old daughter personally accountable for such actions. He was holding his daughter when he gave the announcement, saying that they had "crossed a red line".

Maduro said Guaidó was a clown with a "virtual mandate" who could be imprisoned.

During a speech given at the start of the judicial year, Maduro said, "I was thinking about sending my assistant to the self-proclaimed to end his life"; seconds later Maduro said that "it was a joke" and that "they don't know what humor is". Diosdado Cabello, the president of the 2017 Constituent National Assembly and number two in the country, made another threat against Guaidó on 5 February in a public, videotaped discussion before the Constituent Assembly. Multiple news outlets reported that Cabello said that Guaidó had "never heard the whistle of a nearby bullet, you don't know what it feels like when a bullet hits three centimeters from you". Cabello also was reported to have asked Guaidó how far he was willing to go, because they were willing, saying that "We will not care about anything." Guaidó's response was, "Caracas is the most violent capital in the world ... we have had political assassinations ... they have killed more than 40 children. Venezuelans have had to listen already to too many whistling bullets produced by a regime that does not care about the lives, the welfare of Venezuelans ... who need medicine and food ... you will not stop us with veiled threats."

On 10 February, Guaidó said that his wife's grandmother was threatened by colectivos. Guaidó told Euronews: "I am not worried about this costing my life or my freedom. If I give my life to serve the people. We know the risks we face. Our biggest fear is that what’s happening in Venezuela becomes normal."

The Lima Group has stated that Guaidó and his family face "serious and credible threats" in Venezuela. Colombian Foreign Minister Carlos Holmes Trujillo said that "any violent actions against Guiado, his wife, or family" would be met by all "legal and political mechanisms."

Position on dialogue with Maduro

Guaidó has said that the National Assembly will not participate in dialogue with Maduro. His reasoning is that has already been done, "within and outside of Venezuela, in private and in public, alone and with international companions". He says the result in every instance has been more repression, with Maduro taking advantage of the process to strengthen the dictatorship. Offering as examples Leopoldo López, the detention of Juan Requesens, Julio Borges (in exile) and others, he says if Maduro really wanted dialogue, he would release political prisoners. In an appeal to Uruguay and Mexico, he asked those countries to join him, and said he refused to participate in negotiations whose aim is to maintain in power those who commit human rights violations.

Referencing a letter Maduro wrote asking Pope Francis to assist, Guaidó refused the Vatican's offer to mediate if both parties accepted, calling the attempt a "false dialogue", and saying that the Vatican could assist those who "refused to see the Venezuelan reality". Guaidó said that Maduro did not respect conditions of 2016 negotiations, and suggested the Pope could encourage Maduro to allow an orderly transition of power. Corriere della Sera cited a 7 February 2019 reply from Pope Francis addressed to "Mr. Maduro", in which Pope Francis also stated that what had been agreed in earlier negotiations (open a channel for humanitarian aid, hold free elections, free political prisoners, and re-establish the constitutionally-elected National Assembly) had not been followed.

Guaidó characterizes Uruguay as failing to defend democracy, even as he says "etween 2015 and 2017, the number of extrajudicial executions by the repressive machine was more than 9,200, more than three times the number of disappeared in Chile during the Pinochet military dictatorship." He said Uruguay's stance was surprising, considering Venezuela has 300,000 starving people at risk of dying.

Personnel

According to El Pais, Guaidó has had help, along with National Assembly vice-presidents Stalin González and Edgar Zambrano, from young representatives of various political parties: Miguel Pizarro for humanitarian aid, Carlos Paparoni heading a Finance Commission, and Marialbert Barrios working with embassies. Delsa Solórzano worked with Luisa Ortega Díaz on the Amnesty Law. David Smolansky is the OAS coordinator for the Venezuelan Migrant and Refugee crisis.

Carlos Vecchio was accredited by Pompeo as the Guaidó administration's diplomatic envoy to the US. Gustavo Tarre Briceño was named Venezuela's Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States, and ratified by the National Assembly according to the constitution. Julio Borges was named to represent Venezuela in the Lima Group. The National Assembly made more than a dozen other diplomatic appointments, including Elisa Trotta Gamus to Argentina, María Teresa Belandria to Brazil, and Humberto Calderón Berti to Colombia. Diplomats to Europe and the Dominican Republic were named on 19 February.

The National Assembly authorized Guaidó's appointment of a new ad hoc directors board of Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA), of Citgo, Pdvsa Holding Inc, Citgo Holding Inc. and Citgo Petroleum Corporation. The appointed members of PDVSA were Simón Antúnez, Gustavo J. Velasquez, Carlos José Balza, Ricardo Prada and David Smolansky. Likewise, the appointed members of Citgo Holding y Citgo Petroleum Corporation were Luisa Palacios, Edgar Rincón, Luis Urdaneta, Ángel Olmeta, Andrés Padilla and Rick Esser.

Guaidó named José Ignacio Hernández as special solicitor, making Hernández the first official named with state power.

According to AP News, Tarek William Saab said the "appointments by Guaido and his National Assembly are part of an illegal power grab backed by foreign governments" and opened a probe into the ambassador and oil industry appointees; a magistrate of "Venezuela’s pro-Maduro Supreme Court later read a statement ... nullifying the appointments and accusing the National Assembly of overstepping its constitutional powers".

Domestic affairs

Template:Venezuela Colombia military defections

In a 30 January New York Times editiorial, Guaidó said,

"We have one of the highest homicide rates in the world, which is aggravated by the government’s brutal crackdown on protesters. This tragedy has prompted the largest exodus in Latin American history, with three million Venezuelans now living abroad. ... Under Mr. Maduro at least 240 Venezuelans have been murdered at marches, and there are 600 political prisoners."

He said his response to these problems was three-fold: restore the democratic National Assembly, gain international support, and allow for the people's right to self-determination.

Guaidó announced on 31 January, before a packed theatre at the Central University of Venezuela, that the National Assembly had approved a commission to implement a plan for the reconstruction of Venezuela. Called Plan País (Plan for the Country), it has been under elaboration for some time, and was initially developed through a series of public and private meetings in the US and Venezuela. According to Guaidó, the aims of the plan are to "stabilize the economy, attend to the humanitarian emergency immediately, rescue public services, and overcome poverty". It has provisions to revitalize PDVSA, restore the health sector, and offer assistance to the most poverty-stricken. Implementation of the plan requires Maduro's exit.

Humanitarian aid

In a Euronews interview, Guaidó said that hospitals in Venezuela lacked basic supplies and that "children were dying due to malnutrition". He has made bringing humanitarian aid to the hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans who could die if aid does not arrive a priority, and a test of the military's allegiance. The day after assuming the interim presidency, Guaidó requested humanitarian aid for Venezuela from the US and from the United Nations.

Guaidó said Venezuela's neighbors, in a "global coalition to send aid to Venezuela", will help get humanitarian aid and medicine into the country; products will be shipped to neighboring ports and brought overland via convoys. He said that the 250,000 people whose lives are in danger will be the recipients of the first phase of the humanitarian effort.

Amnesty Law

On 25 January, Guaidó offered an Amnesty law, approved by the National Assembly, for military personnel and authorities who help to restore constitutional order. He suggested that if Maduro gives up power, he may receive amnesty. Over his first weekend, he held another public assembly, asking supporters to disseminate the Amnesty Law throughout the country to military, police and other functionaries. On 30 January, demonstrators took to the streets across the country to encourage the military to allow humanitarian aid and reject Maduro. Maduro also held meetings with the military; top military command remains loyal to Maduro as of February 2019.

In an editorial published by the New York Times on the evening of 30 January, Guaidó explained that the Amnesty Law would only apply to individuals who were not found to have committed crimes against humanity.

Finance and economy

Guaidó asked the Bank of England and British Prime Minister Theresa May not to return to the Maduro administration the £1.2 billion in gold reserves the UK holds for Venezuela, and to allow the opposition to access it instead. In the same week, the US Treasury levied sanctions against PDVSA and transferred control of some Venezuelan assets to Guaidó.

Guaidó said the Maduro administration was attempting to move some of the country's assets to Uruguay, "to keep stealing from the people of Venezuela". On 5 February, Paparoni announced that the transfer from Portugal to Uruguay had been stopped.

Guaidó seeks to open up the economy by allowing foreign, private oil companies greater participation in ventures with PDVSA; the requirement for 51% PDVSA ownership in joint ventures would be dropped. Pledging to honor "legal" and "financial" debt, Carlos Vecchio said that agreements in which Venezuela pays debt with oil (signed by the Maduro administration) may not be honored.

Foreign affairs

In an interview with Christiane Amanpour, Guaidó did not rule out accepting support from the US armed forces, but said that pressure was being applied in every other way possible to avoid coming to that.

Guaidó said there is room for long term Chávez/Maduro allies like Russia and China in Venezuela, adding that legal security under a new plan for the country would benefit all businesses, including theirs. He has approached China to establish diplomatic ties, stating "China’s support will be very important in boosting our country’s economy and future development." According to Euronews, he says he has been "working to convince China and Russia that it was in their economic interest to withdraw support from Maduro".

According to CNN, following a long history of Fidel Castro's interest in the country, "Venezuelan oil is the lifeblood of Cuban economy, under a barter system where Cuba receives billions of dollars of crude in exchange for Cuban doctors, teachers, sports trainers, and military and intelligence advisers." Guaidó has vowed that Cuban influence in Venezuela will end. Referring to Cubans as "brothers", he said that Cuban individuals are welcome to stay in the country, but not in decision-making positions, and not in the armed forces. Former President Hugo Chávez severed relations with Israel more than ten years ago, favoring support for Palestine during Operation Cast Lead; Guaidó seeks to restore relations with Israel.

Guaidó has supported Venezuela's sovereignty claim of Guayana Esequiba.

Regional tour February 2019

Guaidó defied the restriction imposed by the Maduro administration on him leaving Venezuela, and showed up at Richard Branson's February 2019 Venezuela Live Aid concert in Cúcuta, Colombia, whose purpose was to raise funds and awareness for humanitarian aid to Venezuela. In a move that tested Maduro's authority, Guaidó was met by Colombian president Iván Duque, and welcomed by a crowd chanting, "Juan arrived!" Amid continuing tension, and having failed to get humanitarian aid into Venezuela, Guaidó attended a 25 February meeting of the Lima Group in Bogotá. From there, he embarked on a regional tour to meet with the presidents of Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Ecuador, and discuss ways to rebuild Venezuela and defeat Maduro.

Because he left the country while a travel restriction was in place, he could face prison upon his return to Venezuela. Maduro said that Guaidó was welcome to return to Venezuela, but would have to face justice in the courts for breaching his travel ban. Guaidó announced that he planned to return to Venezuela despite the threats of imprisonment, and said the leftist "regime" of President Nicolas Maduro was "weak, lacking support in Venezuela and international recognition".

Public perception

Crisis in Venezuela
Causes Bolivarian Revolution Chavismo Economic policy under Hugo Chávez Economic policy under Nicolás Maduro
Effects Refugee crisis Energy crisis 2019 blackouts 2024 blackouts Zulia energy collapse Defections International sanctions U.S. sanctions Interventions of political parties Piracy Shortages Venezuela–Colombia migrant crisis Hyperinflation Catatumbo campaign Xenophobic incidents Pemon conflict Siege of the Argentine Embassy in Venezuela
Events Dakazo La Salida Arrest of Antonio Ledezma 2016 recall movement 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis Lima Group 2018 re-election campaign of Nicolás Maduro Venezuelan presidential crisis 2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela Venezuela Aid Live COVID-19 pandemic 2022 recall movement 2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries 2024 Venezuelan political crisis
Elections 2013 presidential election 2015 parliamentary election 2017 referendum 2017 Constituent Assembly election 2018 presidential election 2020 parliamentary election 2023 referendum 2024 presidential election
Protests 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2024
Timeline 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Armed violence Caracas helicopter incident 2017 National Assembly attack Attack on Fort Paramacay El Junquito raid Caracas drone attack 2019 uprising attempt 2020 Barquisimeto shooting Operation Gideon (2020) 2021 Apure clashes 2022 Arauca clashes
Venezuela portal
v t e

A Time reporter described Guaidó as charismatic, saying that he had "unified a divided opposition". He is known for "building unity among fellow legislators", according to a Bloomberg article. Michael Shifter said that he "has tried to reach out to the military, tried to unify the opposition and tried to reach Chavista folks as well". An article in The Nation calls Guaidó a "second-string politician" who "simply declared himself acting president" in a brazen power grab. The Guardian reported concerns that Guaidó was allied with far-right leaders, Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro and the United States' Donald Trump.

Venezuelan lawyer and columnist Gustavo Tovar-Arroyo, who was active with Guaidó in the early days of the student protests against Hugo Chávez, described Guaidó and Guevara as the "conciliators" of the student movement, saying that Guaidó had been a force for conciliation in the defeat of Chávez's 2007 Venezuelan constitutional referendum, the 2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election that delivered defeat to Maduro, and that he was named at a time when Venezuela needed conciliation.

Vox interviewed Ronal Rodriguez, an expert on Venezuelan politics, who said that Guaidó is perceived in Venezuela as "uncharismatic"; Rodriguez argued that photographs of Guaidó at public addresses made him appear like the former US President Barack Obama. The Guardian noted that Guaidó had used the same "rallying cry" as Obama's "Yes we can": "Sí, se puede!".

A 7–11 February Colombian survey of 1,008 individuals in more than 20 cities, with a margin of error of 3%, found that 70% of Colombians had a favorable view of Guaidó, and 93% had a negative impression of Maduro.

Surveys between 30 January and 1 February by Meganálisis recorded that 84.6% of respondents recognized Guaidó as interim president, 11.2% were undecided and 4.1% believe that Maduro was president. The study of 1,030 Venezuelans was conducted in 16 states and 32 cities.

A telephone survey of 999 Venezuelans by Hercon between 25 and 30 January showed that 81.9% of respondents recognized Guaidó as president, 13.4% said Maduro was president and 4.6% were undecided. A Meganálisis survey of 870 Venezuelans between 24 and 25 January reported that 83.7% of respondents recognized Guaidó as the legitimate president, 11.4% could not decide who was president and 4.8% recognized Maduro as president.

A survey of 900 people between 19 and 20 January by Meganálisis reported that 81.4% hoped that Guaidó would be sworn in on 23 January while 84.2% supported a transitional government to replace Maduro's government. A telephone survey of 1,000 registered voters by Venezuelan pollster Hercon, conducted from 15 to 19 January 2019, reported 79.9% of respondents agreeing with Maduro leaving the presidency. When asked if they agreed with the National Assembly swearing in Guaidó as interim president, 68.6% agreed and 19.4% disagreed.

Electoral history

2010 parliamentary vote

• 2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election, reserve deputy for Vargas.

2012 MUD primary

• 2012 Democratic Unity Roundtable presidential primary, pre-candidate for governor of Vargas.

2015 parliamentary vote

• 2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election, Deputy for Vargas (1st district).

Notes

1. The Washington Post says Guaidó is one of eight siblings; Bloomberg says he is one of seven; the Wall Street Journal says he is one of six.
2. The Washington Post says his father was an airline pilot. The Wall Street Journal says his father was a cab driver. La Patilla says his father, Wilmer Guaidó, escaped from Venezuela's chavismo and worked driving a taxi in Tenerife, Spain, but that he was an airline pilot in Venezuela.

References

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2. ^ "Diputado por Vargas Juan Guaidó" (in Spanish). Popular Will Party. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
3. ^ "Venezuela opposition plans aid hub in Brazil, mobilizes volunteers". France 24. 11 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
4. ^ Meredith, Sam (12 February 2019). "How a nationwide protest against Maduro could shape Venezuela's future". CNBC. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
5. ^ "Guaido vs Maduro: Who backs Venezuela's two presidents?". CNBC. Reuters. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
6. "Maduro vs. Guaido: Who is backing whom?". France24. 28 January 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
7. ^ "Juan Guaidó: Venezuela's opposition leader briefly detained". BBC. 13 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
8. "Venezuela targets Guaido with probe, travel ban, asset freeze". Reuters. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
9. ^ "Venezuela's opposition is gambling it all on a young and untested activist named Juan Guaidó". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
10. ^ Castro, Maolis and Juan Forero (24 January 2019). "From Quiet Beginnings, Maduro's Challenger Raises Voice in Venezuela". Wall Street Journal. via ProQuest: Dow Jones Institutional News. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
11. ^ "El padre de Juan Guaidó desde Tenerife: "Siempre adelante, hijo"" (in Spanish). LaPatilla.com. 27 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
12. ^ Long, Gideon (13 January 2019). "Venezuela's opposition vows to help end Maduro's rule". Financial Times. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
13. ^ Guaidó, Juan (30 January 2019). "Juan Guaidó: Venezuelans, Strength Is in Unity". New York Times. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
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15. ^ Sanchez, Fabiola and Scott Smith (14 January 2019). "Guaidó, político de poca experiencia que asume rol crucial". La Patilla (in European Spanish). Associated Press. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
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17. Puglie, Frederic (24 January 2019). "Juan Guaido wins support of Venezuela youth with age, vigor and Twitter outreach". Washington Times. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
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21. "Voluntad Popular will propose Juan Guaidó as president of the National Assembly and ratifies his ignorance of Nicolás Maduro". Voluntad Popular. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
22. "Quién es Juan Guaidó, el líder venezolano reconocido como presidente interino". El Nuevo Herald. 5 January 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019. es definido como de centro por sus colaboradores, pese a que milita en una agrupación que es miembro pleno de la Internacional Socialista y que voceros del Gobierno de Nicolás Maduro ubican, a manera de insulto, a la derecha del espectro político.
23. "Quién es Juan Guaidó y por qué su juramento es constitucional". FAES. 23 January 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019. Forma parte del partido Voluntad Popular, liderado por Leopoldo López, y que pertenece a la Internacional Socialista.
24. ^ Cyr, Jennifer (9 June 2017). The fates of political parties: institutional crisis, continuity, and change in Latin America. New York, NY, USA: University of Cambridge Press. p. 259. ISBN 9781107189799. OCLC 986236528.
25. ^ Chavez, Nicole and Rafael Romo (24 January 2019). "Who is Venezuela's Juan Guaido?". CNN. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
26. Rosati, Andrew and Alex Vasquez (15 January 2019). "Venezuela's Moribund Opposition Stirs With Lawmaker's Emergence". Bloomberg. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
27. ^ Parkin Daniels; Joe and Mariana Zúñiga (15 January 2019). "Who is Juan Guaidó, the opposition leader challenging Maduro's rule?". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
28. Rodriguez Rosas, Ronny (20 December 2018). "Voluntad Popular confirma que propondrá a Juan Guaidó para presidir la AN en 2019" (in Spanish). Efecto Cocuyo. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
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30. "Elecciones a la Asamblea Nacional 2015" (in Spanish). National Electoral Council of Venezuela. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
31. "Guaidó: Ante propuesta de realizar los comicios presidenciales debe prevalecer la unidad". Asamblea Nacional. Retrieved 1 February 2019. El jefe de la fracción parlamentaria de la Asamblea Nacional (AN) diputado Juan Guaidó (Unidad/Vargas)
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64. Soto, Claudio (24 January 2019). ""Estaba pensando enviar a mi asistente al autoproclamado, a que le acabe la vida": El comentario sobre Guaidó que Maduro calificó como "chiste"" (in Spanish). La Tercera. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
65. ^ "¿Amenaza chavista? Video: "Señor Guaidó, usted no ha escuchado el silbido de una bala cerca"". Urgente 24 (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019. El chavismo/madurismo está descontrolado, y este martes 05/02 el presidente de la ilegítima Asamblea Nacional Constituyente (ANC) y número 2 de Venezuela, Diosdado Cabello, lanzó una nueva amenaza al presidente encargado de la República. Mire señor Guaidó usted no ha escuchado el silbido de una bala cerca de usted, no sabe qué se siente cuando una bala pega a tres centímetros o aun cuarto de donde está a usted y se escucha cuando pega, no tiene la más mínima idea de lo que eso significa'. Explicó que 'quien se atreva intentar atropellar a la patria tendrá una respuesta 'contundente'. 'No nos va a importar absolutamente nada', añadió.
66. ^ "Diosdado amenazó con una bala a Juan Guaidó". Noticias Venezuela (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019. ... le advirtió que el chavismo estaba dispuesto a todo con tal de defender la "revolución" y su permanencia en el poder. 'Así como el pueblo salió el 2 de febrero a celebrar la revolución, nos van a ver en la calle movilizados, moralizados y listos para el combate', agregó. Le pregunté hasta dónde estaba dispuesto a llegar, porque nosotros sí estamos dispuestos. Le dije 'señor Guaidó, usted no ha escuchado el silbido de una bala cerca'", contó Diosdado en su discurso ante la ANC chavista.
67. "Diosdado Cabello: Guaidó no ha escuchado el silbido de una bala cerca". El Nacional (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
68. "Guaido says Venezuela's opposition is 'not going anywhere' in CBC interview". CBC Canada. 7 February 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019. Spanish text and video of Guaidó's full response also at ElEstimulo and ATodoMomento "Con respecto a las supuestas amenazas; aquí seguimos ... triste y lamentablemente, al pueblo de Venezuela le ha tocado escuchar muchos silbidos de bala. Caracas es la capital más violenta del mundo ... Ha sufrido asasinatos politicos ... han matado a más de cuarenta niños. ... El pueblo de Venezuela ha tenido que escuchar demasiado ya silbidos de balas producidos por un régimen que no le interesa la vida, el bienestar de los venezolanos. ... que necesitan hoy medicina y comida ... Así que, con amenazas veladas no nos va a detener”.
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77. Franco, Massimo. "Lettera del Papa al «signor Maduro»: Francesco deluso, accordi disattesi". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 14 February 2019.
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84. "Asamblea Nacional designa 11 representantes diplomáticos en el mundo". NTN24 (in Spanish). 29 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
85. "El Parlamento de Venezuela nombra "representantes diplomáticos" ante una decena de países y el Grupo de Lima". Europa Pres. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
86. "AN designó nuevos embajadores de Venezuela en Brasil, Paraguay y Guatemala". Noticiero 52 (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
87. Guaidó, Juan (29 January 2019). "Venezolanos en #Argentina: a partir de hoy cuentan con una representante oficial y legítima. A esta hora, la Diplomática designada, Elisa Trotta Gamus, es recibida por el Presidente @mauriciomacri. Al Gob. de Argentina ¡Gracias por su reconocimiento y compromiso con Venezuela!pic.twitter.com/6ZKTUeK9jA". @jguaido (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2019.
88. "Quién es Elisa Trotta Gamus, la representant nombró Guaidó en Argentina". www.perfil.com. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
89. "AN nombró a tres nuevos representantes de Venezuela en el exterior". El Nacional (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
90. Trujillo, Carlos Holmes (29 January 2019). "El Gobierno Nacional reconoce a Humberto Calderón Berti, designado como representante diplomático de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela en Colombia". @CarlosHolmesTru (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2019.
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92. Rodriguez Rosas, Ronny (19 February 2019). "Guaidó nombra representantes diplomáticos para Europa". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 February 2019.
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94. Marchán, Victor (27 February 2019). "¿Quién es José Ignacio Hernández, el procurador summa cum laude designado por Guaidó?". Caraota Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 March 2019.
95. ^ Smith, Scott (14 February 2019). "Venezuelan prosecutor to investigate Guaido appointments". Associated Press News. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
96. ^ Phillips, Tom (31 January 2019). "'¡Sí se puede!' shouts rapturous crowd at Juan Guaidó rally". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
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98. "Instalada Comision Plan Pais de la Asamblea Nacional". Caraboboes Noticia (in Spanish). 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
99. ^ Adams, David and Tamoa Calzadilla (30 January 2019). "Venezuela's Guaidó to announce national reconstruction plan 'for the day after'". Univision. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
100. "Plan País" (in Spanish). Plan País, Inc. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
101. Adams, David and Tamoa Calzadilla (30 January 2019). "Guaidó presentará este jueves el 'Plan País': te contamos de qué se trata". Univision (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 January 2019.
102. "Venezuela opposition warns military against preventing entry of aid". France24. 5 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
103. Rueda, Manuel and Clbyburn Saint John (31 January 2019). "AP Interview: Venezuela's Guaido vows to defy ban on aid". Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
104. "Guaidó pedirá una "gran movilización" para resguardar el ingreso de la ayuda humanitaria al país". El Universal (in Spanish). 4 February 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
105. "Juan Guaidó ofreció detalles sobre Ley de Amnistía". El Nacional (in Spanish). 25 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
106. "Venezuela's Maduro 'could get amnesty'". BBC. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
107. Vinogradoff, Ludmila and David Alandete (28 January 2019). "Guaidó difunde su ley de amnistía en los cuarteles para conseguir adhesiones". ABC International (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 January 2019.
108. "Guaidó aumenta presión contra Maduro con amnistía a militares y marcha". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 27 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
109. ^ "Venezuela's Guaido, protesters urge military to reject Maduro". Agence France Press. 30 January 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
110. Buitrago, Deisy (27 January 2019). "Venezuela opposition leader urges UK not to give gold to Maduro". Reuters. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
111. ^ Wintour, Patrick (28 January 2019). "Bank of England urged to give Juan Guaidó Venezuela's gold". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
112. DiChristopher, Tom (28 January 2019). "Treasury sanctions Venezuela state-owned oil firm in bid to transfer control to Maduro opposition". CNBC. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
113. "US gives Juan Guaido control over some Venezuelan assets". Al Jazeera. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
114. "Juan Guaidó denunció que el régimen de Nicolás Maduro quiere transferir 1.200 millones de dólares a Uruguay". InfoBAE (in Spanish). 4 February 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019. Guaidó no dio más detalles de su denuncia pero sí agregó que, además, el chavismo "planea robar" la ayuda humanitaria que está recolectando con colaboración de la comunidad internacional. "En este momento el régimen trata de seguir robándonos el dinero, están tratando de mover desde el Bandes (El Banco de Desarrollo Económico y Social de Venezuela) 1.200 millones de dólares a Uruguay", denunció Juan Guaidó cuando la conferencia de prensa ya estaba terminando. Y agregó: "Entre 1000 y 1200 millones de dólares, pretende la dictadura, trasladar al Bandes se Uruguay, con el objeto de seguir robando al pueblo Venezolano".
115. "Diputado venezolano dice que se detuvo una transferencia del gobierno de Maduro a Uruguay". El Observador (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
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117. Paraskova, Tsvetana (5 February 2019). "Guaido Set To Open Venezuela's Oil Sector To Private Firms". Oilprice.com. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
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123. "Venezuela's Guaido says he is working to restore ties with Israel". Reuters. 12 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
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145. "Resultados de las primarias de la MUD 2012" (PDF). El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 January 2019.
146. "Divulgación Elecciones Parlamentarias" (in Spanish). Consejo Nacional Electoral. 6 December 2015. Archived from the original on 22 January 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2018.

External links

• Juan Guaidó on Twitter
• Juan Guaidó on Instagram
• Juan Guaidó in the site of the National Assembly of Venezuela
• CNN interview, January 2019

v t e President of Venezuela (list)
Since 1830	Páez Narvarte Vargas Carreño Vargas Narvarte Carreño Soublette Páez Soublette J. T. Monagas J. G. Monagas J. T. Monagas Gual J. Castro Gual Tovar Gual Páez Falcón Bruzual Villegas J. R. Monagas Villegas Guzmán Linares Valera Guzmán Crespo Guzmán H. López Rojas Andueza Villegas Villegas Pulido Crespo Andrade C. Castro Gómez Gil Fortoul Márquez Gómez J. Pérez Gómez López Contreras Medina Betancourt Gallegos Delgado Chalbaud Suárez Flamerich Pérez Jiménez Larrazábal Sanabria Betancourt Leoni Caldera C. Pérez Herrera Lusinchi C. Pérez Lepage Velásquez Caldera Chávez Cabello Chávez Maduro Guaidó
Acting / interim / caretaker presidents shown in italics Recognized by the National Assembly as "interim president" during the Venezuelan presidential crisis until 2023

• Current events from January 2019
• 1983 births
• George Washington University alumni
• People from Vargas (state)
• People from La Guaira
• Popular Will politicians
• People of the Crisis in Venezuela
• Living people
• Speakers of the National Assembly (Venezuela)
• Presidents of Venezuela