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Year 1564 (MDLXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January 26 – Livonian War – Battle of Ula: A Lithuanian surprise attack results in a decisive defeat of the numerically superior Russian forces.
• March 25 – Battle of Angol in Chile: Spanish Conquistador Lorenzo Bernal del Mercado defeats and kills the toqui Illangulién.
• June 22 – French settlers abandon Charlesfort, the first French attempt at colonizing what is now the United States, and establish Fort Caroline in Florida.

July–December

• July – English merchant Anthony Jenkinson returns to London from his second expedition to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, having gained a considerable extension of trading rights for the English Muscovy Company.
• September 4 – The Ronneby Bloodbath take place in Ronneby, Denmark.
• September 10 – Battle of Kawanakajima in Japan: Takeda Shingen fights the forces of Uesugi Kenshin for the final time, to a draw.
• November 21 – Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi sails from Mexico. Later, he will conquer the Philippine Islands, founding Manila.

Date unknown

• First recorded report of a 'rat king'.
• approx. date – Idris Alooma starts to rule the Kanem-Bornu Empire.

Births

• January 1 – Šurhaci, Chinese prince (d. 1611)
• February 15 – Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist (d. 1642)
• February 26 (baptized) – Christopher Marlowe, English dramatist and poet (d. 1593)
• March 7 – Pierre Coton, French Jesuit and royal confessor (d. 1626)
• March 9 – David Fabricius, Frisian astronomer (d. 1617)
• March 15 – William Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg (d. 1642)
• March 20 &ndsh; Thomas Morton, English bishop (d. 1659)
• April 2 – William Bathe, Irish Jesuit priest (d. 1614)
• April 23 – William Shakespeare, English dramatist and poet (d. 1616)
• April 27 – Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1632)
• April 30 – Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll, Scottish noble (d. 1631)
• May 27 – Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Ferrara, Italian noble, patron of the arts (d. 1618)
• June 11 – Joseph Heintz the Elder, Swiss artist (d. 1609)
• June 12 – John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (d. 1633)
• June 28 – Cort Aslakssøn, Norwegian astronomer (d. 1624)
• July 6 – Johanna Sibylla of Hanau-Lichtenberg, Countess consort of Wied-Runkel and Isenburg (d. 1636)
• August 18 – Federico Borromeo, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (d. 1631)
• August 24 – Patrick Forbes, bishop in the Church of Scotland (d. 1635)
• September 13 – Vincenzo Giustiniani, Italian banker and art collector (d. 1637)
• September 24 – William Adams, English navigator and samurai (d. 1620)
• September 25 – Magnus Brahe, Swedish noble (d. 1633)
• September 28 – Sibylla of Anhalt, Duchess consort of Württemberg (1593-1608). (d. 1614)
• October 15 – Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1589-1613) (d. 1613)
• October 26 – Hans Leo Hassler, German composer and organist (d. 1612)
• November 3 (baptized) – Francisco Pacheco, Spanish artist (d. 1644)
• November 11 – Martinus Smiglecius, Polish philosopher (d. 1618)
• November 22 – Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English peer and traitor (d. 1618)
• November 24 – Joseph Gaultier de la Vallette, French astronomer (d. 1647)
• December 25
  • Johannes Buxtorf, German Calvinist theologian (d. 1629)
  • Nicolaus Mulerius, Dutch astronomer and medical academic (d. 1630)
• December 31 – Ernest II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German ruler (d. 1611)
• date unknown
  • Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1638)
  • Daniel Chamier, French minister of religion (d. 1621)
  • Kryštof Harant z Polžic a Bezdružic, Bohemian composer and Protestant rebel (d. 1621)
  • Pedro Páez, Spanish Jesuit missionary to Ethiopia (d. 1622)
  • Thomas Shirley, English privateer (d. c.1634)
• probable
  • Henry Chettle, English dramatist (d. 1607)

Deaths

• January 9 – Margaret Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (b. 1540)
• February 18 – Michelangelo, Italian artist, architect and sculptor (b. 1475)
• February 19 – Guillaume Morel, French classical scholar (b. 1505)
• March 27 – Lütfi Pasha, Albanian-born Ottoman statesman, juridical scholar and poet of slave origin (b. c.1488)
• April – Pierre Belon, French naturalist (b. 1517)
• April 9 – Georg Hartmann, German instrument maker (b. 1489)
• May 2 – Cardinal Rodolfo Pio da Carpi, Italian humanist (b. 1500)
• May 27 – John Calvin, French Protestant reformer (b. 1509)
• June 24 – Rani Durgavati, Indian queen (b. 1524)
• July 23 – Eléanor de Roucy de Roye, French noble (b. 1535)
• July 25 – Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1503)
• July 31 – Luis de Velasco, Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1511)
• August 10 – Miyoshi Nagayoshi, Japanese samurai and daimyō (b. 1522)
• August 30 – Duchess Sabina of Bavaria (b. 1492)
• October 5 – Pierre de Manchicourt, Flemish composer
• October 6 – Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1518)
• October 15 – Andreas Vesalius, Flemish anatomist (b. 1514)
• October 18 – Johannes Acronius Frisius, German physician and mathematician (b. 1520)
• December 6 – Ambrosius Blarer, influential German reformer in southern Germany and north-eastern Switzerland (b. 1492)
• date unknown
  • Isabella Losa, Spanish scholar (b. 1491)
  • Giovanni da Udine, Italian painter (b. 1487)
  • Purandara Dasa, Indian musician (b. 1484)
  • Charles Estienne, French anatomist (b. 1503)
  • Isabella de Luna, Spanish-Italian courtesan
  • Manus O'Donnell, Irish leader
• probable – Maurice Scève, French poet (b. 1500)

References

1. Hart, Martin (1982) . Rats. Allison & Busby. p. 66. ISBN 0-85031-297-3.

• 1564