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Rape is performing penetrative sexual acts, against another's will through violence, force, threat of injury, other duress, or where the victim is unable to decline due to the effects of drugs or alcohol. Rape is generally considered one of the most serious sex crimes.

The related term statutory rape is where a sexual act is automatically considered rape by the law, regardless of whether it was coercive or consensual. Such laws are common. They exist in order to prevent adults from having sex with minors, who are more easily influenced and therefore are protected by being automatically deemed unable to give legally effective informed consent. Forcible or non-consensual acts that do not meet the criterion for rape in a jurisdiction (in most cases because they are not penetrative) are often called sexual assault instead.

The word originates from the Latin verb rapere: to seize or take by force. The Latin term for the act of rape itself is raptus. The term in its original meaning has no sexual connotation in particular, and is still used in its generic sense in literary English, see rape (word)

Definitions of rape

Rape is, in most jurisdictions, a crime defined as sexual intercourse or penetration without valid consent by both parties.

In some jurisdictions, rape is defined by penetration of the anus or the vagina by a penis, while in other jurisdictions, the penetration of either the vagina or the anus need not be by a penis, but can be by other objects such as a finger or a hand-held object, or the forcing of a penis into a vagina by a female.

Some jurisdictions expand the definition of rape further to include other sexual acts without valid consent, including oral copulation and masturbation. The lack of valid consent does not necessarily mean that the victim explicitly refused to give consent; generally, where consent was obtained by physical force, threat of injury, or other duress, or where consent was given by a person whose age was below the age of consent, a person who was intoxicated by drugs or alcohol, or a person who was mentally impaired by illness or developmental disability, the consent is considered invalid.

(When the sexual activity involved a person whose age was below the age of consent, the crime defined is often known as "statutory rape," although a number of jurisdictions use terms such as "unlawful sexual intercourse" to avoid the forcible connotation of the word "rape.") In addition to common forms of physical rape, there are also other phenomena that can be classified as rape despite a lack of physical abuse.

Rape and human rights

Probably for much of human history, rape, violence, and war have often occurred in connection with one another. In the twentieth century, the use of rape as a "weapon of war" has been well documented and addressed by NGOs as well as the United Nations and national governments. If the victim is under 18 the rapist may be charged with child abuse.

Effects of Rape

In the first few days and weeks following the assault, it is very normal for a rape victim to experience intense and sometimes unpredictable emotions. This individual may have repeated strong memories and nightmares of the event that are difficult to ignore. Victims are often severely traumatized by the assault for the first few weeks and months following the incident.

The victim may have difficulty concentrating, sleeping, eating, and normally functioning. She (or he) may feel jumpy or on edge.

The victim may also experience severe, highly distruptive symptoms that make it incredibly difficult to function in the first month following the assault

These problems may disrupt the woman's daily life and prevent her form seeking assistance or telling friends and family members, resulting in Acute Stress Disorder. Symptoms of this are:

• feeling numb and detached, like being in a daze or a dream, or feeling that the world is strange and unreal
• difficulty remembering important parts of the assault
• reliving the assault through repeated thoughts, memories, or nightmares
• avoidance of things (places, thoughts, feelings) that remind the woman of the assault
• anxiety or increased arousal (difficulty sleeping, concentrating, etc.)

Rape Trauma Syndrome is experienced by rape victims and can be divided into phases.

During the Acute Phase survivors may feel shock, disbelief, or in some way frozen and may attempt to disconnect herself with the woman who was raped. Survivors may feel humiliated, confused, dirty, ashamed, or in some way at fault for the assault, paricularly if the assailant was an acquaintance. Victims often experience extreme nightmares, heightened anxiety, frequent flashbacks, and a strong attempt to disconnect from on