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ICF syndrome
Other names	Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome

ICF syndrome (or Immunodeficiency, Centromere instability and Facial anomalies syndrome) is a very rare autosomal recessive immune disorder.

Characteristics

It is characterized by variable reductions in serum immunoglobulin levels which cause most ICF patients to succumb to infectious diseases before adulthood. ICF syndrome patients exhibit facial anomalies which include hypertelorism, low-set ears, epicanthal folds and macroglossia.

Genetics

Mutations in four genes can cause this syndrome: Cell division cycle associated protein 7 (CDCA7), DNA-methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3B), Lymphoid specific helicase (HELLS) and ZBTB.

The CDCA7 gene is located on chromosome 2 (2q31.1).

The DNMT3B gene is located on chromosome 20 (20q11.2)).

The HELLS gene is located on chromosome 10 (10q23.33)

The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.

Diagnosis

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2017)

Treatment

For ICF patients the most diffused therapy consists of repeated intravenous infusions of immunoglobulins for the patients entire lifespan. In 2007, Gennery et al. cured the humoral and cellular immunological defect in three ICF1 patients by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The only side effect was related to the development of autoimmune phenomena in two of them. This is the only documented case of restoring the immune conditions and growth improvement in these patients.

See also

• Bare lymphocyte syndrome
• List of cutaneous conditions

References

1. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 242860
2. ^ Brown, Dc; Grace, E; Sumner, At; Edmunds, At; Ellis, Pm (October 1995). "ICF syndrome (immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial anomalies): investigation of heterochromatin abnormalities and review of clinical outcome". Human Genetics. 96 (4): 411–6. doi:10.1007/BF00191798. PMID 7557962.
3. Jiang, Yl; Rigolet, M; Bourc'His, D; Nigon, F; Bokesoy, I; Fryns, Jp; Hultén, M; Jonveaux, P; Maraschio, P; Mégarbané, A; Moncla, A; Viegas-Péquignot, E (January 2005). "DNMT3B mutations and DNA methylation defect define two types of ICF syndrome". Human Mutation. 25 (1): 56–63. doi:10.1002/humu.20113. PMID 15580563.
4. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 602900
5. Gennery, A. R.; Slatter, M. A.; Bredius, R. G.; Hagleitner, M. M.; Weemaes, C.; Cant, A. J.; Lankester, A. C. (2007). "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Corrects the Immunologic Abnormalities Associated with Immunodeficiency Centromeric Instability Facial Dysmorphism Syndrome". Pediatrics. 120 (5): e1341 – e1344. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0640. PMID 17908720.
6. https://www.ptglab.com/news/blog/icf-syndrome-a-gene-silencing-chromatin-disorder/ IFC Syndrome: A gene silencing chromatin disorder

External links

• Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases link to ICF syndrome

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