Revision as of 16:49, 16 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,081 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 466616366 of page 15-Crown-5 for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'ChEBI'). |
Latest revision as of 22:00, 26 April 2024 edit Arun 01 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users1,143 editsm Improved wordingTag: Visual edit |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{Chembox |
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{{Chembox |
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| Verifiedfields = changed |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 457644056 |
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| verifiedrevid = 477209069 |
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| ImageFile = 15-crown-5 skeletal.svg |
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| ImageFile = 15-crown-5 skeletal.svg |
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| ImageSize = 150 |
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| ImageSize = 150 |
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| ImageSize1 = 170 |
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| ImageSize1 = 170 |
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| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model |
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| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model |
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| SystematicName = 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane<ref>{{Cite web|title = 15-crown-5 - Compound Summary|url = http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=36336&loc=ec_rcs|work = PubChem Compound|publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information|accessdate = 11 October 2011|location = USA|date = 16 September 2004|at = Identification and Related Records}}</ref> |
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| PIN = 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane<ref>{{Cite web|title = 15-crown-5 - Compound Summary|url = https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=36336&loc=ec_rcs|work = PubChem Compound|publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information|accessdate = 11 October 2011|location = USA|date = 16 September 2004|at = Identification and Related Records}}</ref> |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo = 33100-27-5 |
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| CASNo = 33100-27-5 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| PubChem = 36336 |
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| PubChem = 36336 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 33416 |
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| PubChem_Ref = {{Pubchemcite|correct|PubChem}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 33416 |
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| EINECS = 251-379-6 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| EINECS = 251-379-6 |
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| MeSHName = 15-Crown-5 |
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| MeSHName = 15-Crown-5 |
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| ChEBI = 32401 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 32401 |
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| ChEMBL = 156289 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEMBL = 156289 |
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| RTECS = SB0200000 |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| RTECS = SB0200000 |
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| Beilstein = 1618144 |
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| Beilstein = 1618144 |
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| Gmelin = 3897 |
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| SMILES = C1COCCOCCOCCOCCO1 |
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| Gmelin = 3897 |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C10H20O5/c1-2-12-5-6-14-9-10-15-8-7-13-4-3-11-1/h1-10H2 |
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| SMILES = C1COCCOCCOCCOCCO1 |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C10H20O5/c1-2-12-5-6-14-9-10-15-8-7-13-4-3-11-1/h1-10H2 |
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| InChI = 1/C10H20O5/c1-2-12-5-6-14-9-10-15-8-7-13-4-3-11-1/h1-10H2 |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = VFTFKUDGYRBSAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| InChI = 1/C10H20O5/c1-2-12-5-6-14-9-10-15-8-7-13-4-3-11-1/h1-10H2 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = VFTFKUDGYRBSAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| InChIKey = VFTFKUDGYRBSAL-UHFFFAOYAH |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| InChIKey = VFTFKUDGYRBSAL-UHFFFAOYAH |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| C = 10 |
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| C=10 | H=20 | O=5 |
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| Appearance = Clear, colorless liquid |
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| H = 20 |
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| Density = 1.113 g cm<sup>−3</sup> (at 20 °C) |
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| O = 5 |
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| BoilingPtC = 93-96 |
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| ExactMass = 220.131073750 g mol<sup>-1</sup> |
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| BoilingPt_notes = at 0.05 mmHg |
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| Appearance = Transparent liquid |
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| LogP = -0.639 |
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| Density = 1.113 g cm<sup>-3</sup> (at 20 °C) |
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| BoilingPtC = 116 |
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| RefractIndex = 1.465 |
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| Boiling_notes = at 240 Pa |
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| LogP = -0.639 |
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| RefractIndex = 1.465 |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry |
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|Section3={{Chembox Thermochemistry |
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| DeltaHf = -881.1--877.1 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> |
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| DeltaHf = -881.1--877.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> |
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| DeltaHc = -5.9157--5.9129 MJ mol<sup>-1</sup> |
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| DeltaHc = -5.9157--5.9129 MJ mol<sup>−1</sup> |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section4={{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalMSDS = |
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| ExternalSDS = |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS exclamation mark}} |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS exclamation mark}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = '''WARNING''' |
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| GHSSignalWord = '''WARNING''' |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|315|319}} |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|315|319}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|305+351+338}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|305+351+338}} |
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| NFPA-F = 1 |
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| EUClass = {{Hazchem Xn}} |
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| NFPA-H = 2 |
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| RPhrases = {{R22}}, {{R36/38}} |
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| SPhrases = {{S26}} |
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| NFPA-R = 0 |
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| NFPA-F = 1 |
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| FlashPtC = 113 |
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| NFPA-H = 2 |
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| NFPA-R = 0 |
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| FlashPt = 113 °C |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''15-Crown-5''' is a ] with the formula (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>. It is a cyclic pentamer of ] that forms complex with various ]s, including ] (Na<sup>+</sup>)<ref> |
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{{cite journal |
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| url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/bcsj/61/3/_contents |
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| author=Takeda, Y. | title = A Conductance Study of 1:1 Complexes of 15-Crown-5, 16-Crown-5, and Benzo-15-crown-5 with Alkali Metal Ions in Nonaqueous Solvents | journal = Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan | year = 1988 | volume = 61 | issue = 3 | pages = 627–632 | doi=10.1246/bcsj.61.627|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free }} |
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</ref> and ] (K<sup>+</sup>);<ref> |
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{{cite journal |
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| url=http://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/CC/article.asp?doi=b512677k |
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| author=Chen, Chun-Yen | title = Potassium ion recognition by 15-crown-5 functionalized CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in H<sub>2</sub>O | journal = Chem. Comm. | year = 2006 | pages = 263–265 |
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| doi=10.1039/B512677K |
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| issue=3| pmid=16391728 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> however, it is complementary to Na<sup>+</sup> and thus has a higher selectivity for Na<sup>+</sup> ions. |
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== Synthesis == |
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15-Crown-5 can be synthesized using a modified ]:<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cook|first1=Fred L.|last2=Caruso|first2=Thomas C.|last3=Byrne|first3=Michael P.|last4=Bowers|first4=Chauncey W.|last5=Speck|first5=Don H.|last6=Liotta|first6=Charles L.|date=1974|title=Facile syntheses of 12-crown-4 and 15-crown-5|journal=Tetrahedron Letters|language=en|volume=15|issue=46|pages=4029–4032|doi=10.1016/S0040-4039(01)92075-1}}</ref> |
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:(CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl)<sub>2</sub> + O(CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH)<sub>2</sub> + 2 NaOH → (CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub> + 2 NaCl + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O |
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It also forms from the cyclic ] of ethylene oxide in the presence of gaseous ].<ref>{{Citation|last1=Liotta|first1=Charles L.|title=15-Crown-5|date=2001|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis|place=Chichester, UK|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|language=en|doi=10.1002/047084289x.rc263|isbn=978-0-471-93623-7|last2=Berkner|first2=Joachim}}</ref> |
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==Properties== |
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Analogous to ], 15-crown-5 binds to sodium ions. Thus, when treated with this complexing agent, sodium salts often become soluble in organic solvents. |
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First-row transition metal dications fit snugly inside the cavity of 15-crown-5. They are too small to be included in 18-crown-6. The binding of transition metal cations results in multiple hydrogen-bonded interactions from both equatorial and axial aqua ligands, such that highly crystalline solid-state supramolecular polymers can be isolated. Metal salts isolated in this form include Co(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, Cu(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, and Zn(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. Seven coordinate species are most common for transition metal complexes of 15-crown-5, with the crown ether occupying the equatorial plane, along with 2 axial aqua ligands.<ref name="SupraChem">{{cite book |
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| title = Supramolecular Chemistry, 2nd edition |
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| chapter = |
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| author1 = Jonathan W. Steed |
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| author2 = Jerry L. Atwood |
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| publisher = Wiley |
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| year = 2009 |
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| isbn = 978-0-470-51233-3 |
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| page = |
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}}</ref> |
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<sup>2+</sup>}}.]] |
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15-crown-5 has also been used to isolate salts of oxonium ions. For example, from a solution of ], the oxonium ion {{nowrap|<sup>+</sup>}} has been isolated as the salt {{nowrap|}}. ] studies revealed a sandwich structure, which shows a chain of water with remarkably long O-H bond (1.12 Å) in the acidic proton, but with a very short OH•••O distance (1.32 Å).<ref name="SupraChem" /> |
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<sup>+</sup>}} ion]] |
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A derivative of 15-crown-5, benzo-15-crown-5, has been used to produce anionic complexes of carbido ]s as their {{nowrap|<sup>+</sup>}} salts:<ref name="SupraChem" /> |
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:{{nowrap|(Ar<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>3</sub>MoCH + KCH<sub>2</sub>Ph + 2 (15-crown-5) → <sup>+</sup><sup>−</sup> + CH<sub>3</sub>Ph}} |
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==See also== |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*{{cite journal |
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| url=http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/52153 |
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| author=Klok, H.A. | title = Novel benzo-15-crown-5 functionalized α-olefin/CO terpolymers for membrane applications | journal = Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics | year = 1997 | volume = 198 | issue = 9 | pages = 2759–2768 |
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| doi=10.1002/macp.1997.021980908|display-authors=etal}} |
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*{{cite journal |
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| url=http://www.arkat-usa.org/get-file/19080/ |
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| author=Fedorova, O.A. | title = Facile synthesis of novel styryl ligands containing a 15-crown-5 ether moiety | journal = Arkivoc | year = 2005 | volume = xv | pages = 12–24| doi=10.3998/ark.5550190.0006.f03 |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free | hdl = 2027/spo.5550190.0006.f03 | hdl-access = free }} |
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==External links== |
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* |
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* |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Crown-5, 15-}} |
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] |