| Revision as of 13:26, 15 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 472450367 of page Aluminium_sulfide for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo'). |
Latest revision as of 00:08, 17 June 2024 edit Gaismagorm (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users11,659 edits improved grammarTag: Visual edit |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 452007683 |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 477000841 |
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| Name = Aluminium sulfide |
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| Name = Aluminium sulfide |
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| OtherNames = Aluminum sulfide |
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| OtherNames = Aluminium sulfide |
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| ImageFile = Sulfid hlinitý.PNG |
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| ImageFile = Sulfid hlinitý.PNG |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 140154 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 140154 |
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| EINECS = 215-109-0 |
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| InChI = 1/2Al.3S/q2*+3;3*-2 |
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| InChI = 1/2Al.3S/q2*+3;3*-2 |
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| InChIKey = COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYAY |
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| InChIKey = COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYAY |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| StdInChIKey = COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|ECHA}} |
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| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 1302-81-4 --> |
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| CASNo = 1302-81-4 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = 04PI6P2Z18 |
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| PubChem = 16684788 |
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| PubChem = 16684788 |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = Al<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> |
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| Formula = Al<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 150.158 g/mol |
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| MolarMass = 150.158 g/mol |
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| Appearance = gray solid |
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| Appearance = gray solid |
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| Density = 2.32 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Density = 2.02 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Solubility = decomposes |
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| Solubility = decomposes |
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| SolubleOther = insoluble in ] |
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| Solvent = other solvents |
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| SolubleOther = none |
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| MeltingPtC = 1100 |
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| MeltingPt = 1100 °C |
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| BoilingPtC = 1500 |
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| BoilingPt = 1500 °C (sublimes) |
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| BoilingPt_notes = sublimes |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = |
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| CrystalStruct = trigonal |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry |
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| EUClass = not listed |
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| DeltaHf = -724 kJ/mol |
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| Entropy = 116.9 J/mol K |
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| HeatCapacity = 105.1 J/mol K |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS07}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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| HPhrases = |
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| PPhrases = |
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| NFPA-H = 4 |
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| NFPA-H = 4 |
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| NFPA-R = 2 |
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| NFPA-R = 2 |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-S = W |
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| ExternalMSDS = |
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| ExternalSDS = |
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'''Aluminium sulfide''' is a ] with the formula ]]. This colorless species has an interesting structural chemistry, existing in several forms. The material is sensitive to moisture, hydrolyzing to hydrated aluminium oxides/hydroxides.<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. {{ISBN|0-12-352651-5}}.</ref> This can begin when the sulfide is exposed to the atmosphere. The hydrolysis reaction generates gaseous ] (H<sub>2</sub>S). |
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==Crystal structure== |
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More than six crystalline forms of aluminium sulfide are known and only some are listed below. Most of them have rather similar, ]-like structures, and differ by the arrangement of lattice vacancies, which form ordered or disordered sublattices.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Hans Landolt|author2=D. Bimberg, Richard Börnstein|author3=Richard Börnstein|title=Halbleiter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=suSjL5FLV30C&pg=PA12|access-date=23 September 2011|year=1982|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-13507-4|pages=12–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Flahaut |first=J. |year=1952 |title=Contribution à l'étude du sulfure d'aluminium et des thioaluminates |trans-title=Contribution to the study of aluminum sulfide and thioaluminates |journal=Annales de Chimie (Paris) |language=fr |volume=7 |pages=632–696}}</ref> |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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!Form !!Symmetry!!Space<br>group!!a (A)!!c (A)!!ρ (g/cm<sup>3</sup>) |
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| α||Hexagonal|| P6<sub>1</sub> || 6.423 ||17.83||2.32 |
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|β || Hexagonal||P6<sub>3</sub>mc||3.579 ||5.829 ||2.495 |
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| γ|| Trigonal|| ||6.47||17.26 ||2.36 |
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|δ ||Tetragonal|| I4<sub>1</sub>/amd ||7.026||29.819|| 2.71 |
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The β and γ phases are obtained by annealing the most stable α-Al<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> phase at several hundred degrees Celsius.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/zaac.19936190604|title=Synthese und Kristallstruktur einer Neuen hexagonalen Modifikation von Al2S3 mit fünffach koordiniertem Aluminum|year=1993|last1=Krebs|first1=Bernt|last2=Schiemann|first2=Anke|last3=läGe|first3=Mechtild|journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie|volume=619|issue=6|pages=983}}</ref> Compressing aluminium sulfide to 2–65 ] results in the δ phase where vacancies are arranged in a superlattice of tetragonal symmetry.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0022-4596(70)90024-1|title=High-pressure spinel type Al2S3 and MnAl2S4|year=1970|last1=Donohue|first1=P|journal=Journal of Solid State Chemistry|volume=2|issue=1|pages=6–8 |bibcode = 1970JSSCh...2....6D }}</ref> |
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Unlike ], in which the Al(III) centers occupy octahedral holes, the more expanded framework of Al<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> stabilizes the Al(III) centers into one third of the tetrahedral holes of a hexagonally close-packed arrangement of the sulfide anions. At higher temperature, the Al(III) centers become randomized to give a "defect ]" structure. And at still higher temperatures stabilize the γ-Al<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> forms, with a structure akin to γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. |
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Molecular derivatives of Al<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> are not known. Mixed Al-S-Cl compounds are however known. Al<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> are also known. |
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==Preparation== |
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Aluminium sulfide is readily prepared by ignition of the elements<ref>{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=William |url=https://archive.org/details/courseingeneralc00mcphrich |title=A course in general chemistry |last2=Henderson |first2=William E. |publisher=Ginn and Company |year=1913 |location=Boston |page=}}</ref> |
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:2 Al + 3 S → Al<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> |
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This reaction is extremely exothermic and it is not necessary or desirable to heat the whole mass of the sulfur-aluminium mixture; (except possibly for very small amounts of reactants). The product will be created in a fused form; it reaches a temperature greater than 1,100 °C and may melt its way through steel. The cooled product is very hard. |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Sulfur compounds}} |
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{{Aluminium compounds}} |
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{{Sulfides}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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] |
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] |