Browse history interactively

Page 1

Page 1Revision 1

Page 2

Page 2Revision 2

← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext

Revision as of 13:44, 18 March 2011 editCitation bot 1 (talk | contribs)Bots130,044 editsm Misc citation tidying.← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 17:31, 14 February 2024 edit undoTrasheater Midir (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users3,671 edits →PreparationTag: ProveIt edit
(46 intermediate revisions by 35 users not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{chembox		{{chembox
			| Watchedfields = changed
	| verifiedrevid = 399519221
	| ImageFile = Ammonium perrhenate.png		| verifiedrevid = 419461299
			| ImageFile = Ammonium perrhenate.png
	| ImageFile1 = Ammonium_perrhenate.jpg		| ImageFile1 = Ammonium_perrhenate.jpg
	<!-- | ImageSize = 250px -->		<!-- | ImageSize = 250px -->
	| ImageName = Ammonium perrhenate		| ImageName = Ammonium perrhenate
	| OtherNames = Ammonium perrhenate,<br />Ammonium perrhenate(VII)		| OtherNames = Ammonium perrhenate,<br />Ammonium perrhenate(VII)
	| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers		|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
	| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}		| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
	| ChemSpiderID = 2341271		| ChemSpiderID = 2341271
	| InChI = 1/H3N.4O.Re/h1H3;;;;;/q;;;;-1;/p+1/rH3N.O4Re/c;1-5(2,3)4/h1H3;/q;-1/p+1		| InChI = 1/H3N.4O.Re/h1H3;;;;;/q;;;;-1;/p+1/rH3N.O4Re/c;1-5(2,3)4/h1H3;/q;-1/p+1
	| InChIKey = HOJYZCWLNWENHS-WUACXKGRAA		| InChIKey = HOJYZCWLNWENHS-WUACXKGRAA
	| SMILES = (=O)(=O)=O.		| SMILES = (=O)(=O)=O.
	| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}		| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
	| StdInChI = 1S/H3N.4O.Re/h1H3;;;;;/q;;;;-1;/p+1		| StdInChI = 1S/H3N.4O.Re/h1H3;;;;;/q;;;;-1;/p+1
	| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}		| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
	| StdInChIKey = HOJYZCWLNWENHS-UHFFFAOYSA-O		| StdInChIKey = HOJYZCWLNWENHS-UHFFFAOYSA-O
			| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
	| CASNo = 13598-65-7		| CASNo = 13598-65-7
			| PubChem = 3084163
			| EINECS = 237-075-6
	}}		}}
	| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties		|Section2={{Chembox Properties
	| Formula = NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub>		| Formula = NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub>
	| MolarMass = 268.2359 g/mol		| MolarMass = 268.2359&nbsp;g/mol
	| Density = 3.97 g/cm³, solid		| Density = 3.97&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid
			| Solubility = 2.8&nbsp;g/100&nbsp;mL (0&nbsp;°C), 6.2&nbsp;g/100&nbsp;mL (20&nbsp;°C), 12.0&nbsp;g/100&nbsp;mL (40&nbsp;°C), 20.7&nbsp;g/100&nbsp;mL (60&nbsp;°C), 32.3&nbsp;g/100&nbsp;mL (80&nbsp;°C), 39.1&nbsp;g/100&nbsp;mL (90&nbsp;°C)
	| Solubility = soluble.
			| MeltingPt = 200°C (decomposes)<ref name="Brauer">{{Citation |last=Georg Brauer |title=Ammoniumperrhenat |date=1954 |page=1108 |publisher=Ferdinand Enke Verlag}}</ref>
	| MeltingPt = °C
	| BoilingPt =		| BoilingPt =
	}}		}}
	| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure		|Section3={{Chembox Structure
	| Coordination = N/A		| Coordination = N/A
	| CrystalStruct = ]		| CrystalStruct = ]
	}}		}}
	| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards		|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
	| ExternalMSDS =		| ExternalSDS =
		⚫	| FlashPt = Non-flammable
	| EUClass = Not listed.
⚫	| FlashPt = Non-flammable.
	}}		}}
	| Section8 = {{Chembox Related		|Section8={{Chembox Related
	| OtherAnions = ]; ]		| OtherAnions = ]; ]
	| OtherCations = ]; ]		| OtherCations = ]; ]
	| OtherCpds =		| OtherCompounds =
	}}		}}
	}}		}}
	'''Ammonium perrhenate''' (APR) is the ] salt of ], NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub>. This is the most common form in which ] is traded. Prices are quoted in US Dollars per kg ] content. ] content of APR is typically 69.0 - 69.4%.		'''Ammonium perrhenate''' (APR) is the ] salt of ], NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub>. It is the most common form in which ] is traded. It is a white salt; soluble in ethanol and water, and mildly soluble in NH<sub>4</sub>Cl.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lidin |first=R. |title=Неорганическая химия в реакциях |publisher=Drofa |year=2007 |isbn=978-5-358-01303-2 |edition=2nd |location=Moscow |pages=332 |language=ru |trans-title=Inorganic chemistry in reactions}}</ref> It was first described soon after the discovery of rhenium.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Noddack |first=J. |last2=Noddack |first2=W. |year=1929 |title=Die Sauerstoffverbindungen des Rheniums |trans-title=The oxygen compounds of rhenium |journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie |language=de |volume=181 |issue=6 |pages=1–37 |bibcode=1929NW.....17...93N |doi=10.1002/zaac.19291810102}}</ref>
	==Structure==		==Structure==
	]		]
	The crystal structure of APR is that of ], in which the atomic cation is replaced by the ammonium molecular cation<ref name = rjcbrown>{{cite journal | journal = ] | author = I.P. Swainson and R.J.C. Brown | title = Refinement of ammonium perrhenate structure using a pseudo-spin model for the ] orientation |volume = B53| pages = 76–81 | year = 1997|doi = 10.1107/S0108768196011160}}</ref>. It undergoes a molecular orientational ordering transition on cooling without change of space group, but with a highly anisotropic change in the shape of the ], resulting in the unusual property of having a positive temperature and pressure Re ] coefficient<ref name = brown-segal>{{cite journal | journal = ] | author = R.J.C. Brown and S.L. Segel | title = <sup>187</sup>Re, <sup>14</sup>N, and <sup>2</sup>H nuclear quadrupole couplings in NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub>: Evidence for a possible phase transition |volume = 67 | issue = 7| pages = 3163–7 | year = 1977|doi = 10.1063/1.435229}}</ref>.		The crystal structure of APR resembles that of ], with atomic cation is replaced by ammonium. The ] (NH<sub>4</sub>TcO<sub>4</sub>), ] (NH<sub>4</sub>IO<sub>4</sub>), tetrachlorothallate (NH<sub>4</sub>TlCl<sub>4</sub>), and tetrachloroindate (NH<sub>4</sub>InCl<sub>4</sub>) follow this motif.<ref name="rjcbrown">{{cite journal |last=I. P. Swainson and R. J. C. Brown |year=1997 |title=Refinement of ammonium perrhenate structure using a pseudo-spin model for the ammonium ion orientation |journal=] |volume=B53 |issue=1 |pages=76–81 |doi=10.1107/S0108768196011160|bibcode=1997AcCrB..53...76S }}</ref> It undergoes a molecular orientational ordering transition on cooling without change of space group, but with a highly anisotropic change in the shape of the ], resulting in the unusual property of having a positive temperature and pressure Re ] coefficient.<ref name = brown-segal>{{cite journal |last=R. J. C. Brown and S. L. Segel |year=1977 |title=<sup>187</sup>Re, <sup>14</sup>N, and <sup>2</sup>H nuclear quadrupole couplings in NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub>: Evidence for a possible phase transition |journal=] |volume=67 |issue=7 |pages=3163–7 |bibcode=1977JChPh..67.3163B |doi=10.1063/1.435229}}</ref> APR does not give hydrates.<ref name=":0" />
	NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub> can be regarded as the prototype structure of a family of ammonium scheelites, which include the ] (NH<sub>4</sub>TcO<sub>4</sub>), ] (NH<sub>4</sub>IO<sub>4</sub>), tetrachlorothallate (NH<sub>4</sub>TlCl<sub>4</sub>) and tetrachloroindate (NH<sub>4</sub>InCl<sub>4</sub>)<ref name= "rjcbrown"/>.
	==Preparation==		==Preparation==
			Ammonium perrhenate may be prepared from virtually all common sources of rhenium. The metal, oxides, and sulfides can be oxidized with ] and the resulting solution treated with aqueous ammonia. Alternatively an aqueous solution of Re<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> can be treated with ammonia followed by crystallisation.<ref>O. Glemser "Ammonium Perrhenate" in '''', 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, New York. vol. 1. p. –85.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Richard J. Thompson |title=Inorganic Syntheses |year=1966 |chapter=Ammonium Perrhenate |series=] |volume=8 |pages=171–173 |doi=10.1002/9780470132395.ch44 |isbn=9780470132395}}</ref>
	Ammonium perrhenate may be prepared from elemental rhenium by dissolving in ammoniacal ] (also known as ]).<ref name = patnaik/>
	==Reactions==		==Reactions==
			Ammonium perrhenate is weak oxidizer. It slowly reacts with hydrochloric acid:<ref name=":0" />
	Pure ] powder can be produced from APR by reducing it with ]:<ref name = patnaik>{{cite book | title = Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals | author = Pradyot Patnaik | publisher = ] | location = New York | isbn = 0-07-049439-8 | pages = 789–790 | year = 2003}}</ref>
		⚫	:NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub> + 6 HCl → NH<sub>4</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> ↑ + 3H<sub>2</sub>O.
			It is reduced to metallic Re upon heating under ]:<ref name="Brauer" />
⚫	:2 NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub> + 7 H<sub>2</sub> &rarr; 2 Re + 8 H<sub>2</sub>O + 2 NH<sub>3</sub>
			:2 NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub> + 7 H<sub>2</sub> → 2 Re + 8 H<sub>2</sub>O + 2 NH<sub>3</sub>
			Ammonium perrhenate decomposes to volatile ] starting at 250&nbsp;°C. When heated in a sealed tube at 500&nbsp;°C, It decomposes to ]:<ref name=Brauer/>
			:2NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub> → 2ReO<sub>2</sub> + N<sub>2</sub> + 4 H<sub>2</sub>O
			The ammonium ion can be displaced with some concentrated nitrates e.g. potassium nitrate,, silver nitrate, etc.:<ref name=":0" />
			:NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub> + KNO<sub>3</sub> → KReO<sub>4</sub> ↓ + NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>
			It can be reduced to ] with sodium in ethanol:<ref name=":0" />
			:NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub> + 18Na + 13C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH → Na<sub>2</sub> + 13NaC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O + 3NaOH + NH<sub>3</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O.
	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references />
			* {{cite journal |last=Wm. T. Smith, S. Harmon Long |year=1948 |title=The Salts of Perrhenic Acid. I. The Alkali Metals and Ammonium |journal=] |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=354–356 |doi=10.1021/ja01181a110}}
	* {{cite journal
	| title = The Salts of Perrhenic Acid. I. The Alkali Metals and Ammonium
	| author = Wm. T. Smith, S. Harmon Long
	| journal = ]
	| volume = 70
	| issue = 1
	| year = 1948
	| pages = 354–356
	| doi = 10.1021/ja01181a110 }}
			{{Rhenium compounds}}
	==Further reading==
			{{Ammonium salts}}
	* {{Cite journal | journal = ] | volume = 8 | pages = 171–173 | title = Ammonium Perrhenate | author = Richard J. Thompson, Tung-Ch'Ing Wang, Jacob Kleinberg, George M. Adams, Burl E. Bryant | doi = 10.1002/9780470132395.ch44 | year = 1966}}
			{{Perrhenates}}
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Ammonium Perrhenate}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Ammonium Perrhenate}}
	]		]
	]		]
			]
	{{inorganic-compound-stub}}
	]
	]
	]
	]